{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:paris:2016-07-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/paris/2016-07-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2016-07-31","date_display":"July 31, 2016 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457600.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869135.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.6227,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":68.793,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":28,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":325.1703,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.1703},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":68.793,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.1263},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":172.4157},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":54,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2016,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457600.770833,"ahargana":1869135.2708,"kali_year":5118,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0846,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":104.19363499999997,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":68.14103499999999,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.3549},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":214.79213500000003,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":126.11433499999998,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":147.203735,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":118.83203500000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":225.647735,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":144.2184,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":324.2184,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457600.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869135.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.6227,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":68.793,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":28,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":325.1703,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.1703},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":68.793,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.1263},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":172.4157},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":54,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.355,"elongation":34.83},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.355,"opposition_distance":145.17}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"paris","name":"Paris, France","lat":48.8566,"lon":2.3522,"tz_offset_hours":1,"country":"FR","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"paris","name":"Paris, France","lat":48.8566,"lon":2.3522,"tz_offset_hours":1,"country":"FR","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:22","sunsetLocal":"20:31","solarNoonLocal":"12:57","dayLengthHours":15.138983758938648,"dayLengthDisplay":"15 Hours 08 Mins 20 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"8 Hours 51 Mins 40 Secs","moonriseLocal":"02:29","moonsetLocal":"18:36","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"18:37","end":"20:31","startHours":18.621495151474505,"endHours":20.513868121341837,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:57","end":"14:50","startHours":12.944376241872511,"endHours":14.836749211739843,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"16:44","end":"18:37","startHours":16.729122181607174,"endHours":18.621495151474505,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:54","end":"09:25","startHours":8.90731390615554,"endHours":9.411946698120161,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:00","end":"06:25","startHours":6.005675352358965,"endHours":6.409381585930663,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:26","end":"13:27","startHours":12.439743449907892,"endHours":13.449009033837134,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:21","end":"04:22","startHours":3.3563531945447016,"endHours":4.365618778473944,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:07","end":"05:22","startHours":4.113302382491634,"endHours":5.374884362403188,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"15:28","end":"16:29","startHours":15.467540201695622,"endHours":16.476805785624865,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"20:19","end":"20:43","startHours":20.313868121341837,"endHours":20.713868121341836,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"20:31","end":"21:09","startHours":20.513868121341837,"endHours":21.144659111297614,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"20:16","end":"22:01","startHours":20.263868121341837,"endHours":22.013868121341837,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:26","end":"01:27","startHours":24.43974344990789,"endHours":25.449009033837132,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:22","end":"07:16","startHours":5.374884362403188,"endHours":7.267257332270519,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:16","end":"09:10","startHours":7.267257332270519,"endHours":9.15963030213785,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:10","end":"11:03","startHours":9.15963030213785,"endHours":11.05200327200518,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:03","end":"12:57","startHours":11.05200327200518,"endHours":12.944376241872511,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:57","end":"14:50","startHours":12.944376241872511,"endHours":14.836749211739843,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:50","end":"16:44","startHours":14.836749211739843,"endHours":16.729122181607174,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:44","end":"18:37","startHours":16.729122181607174,"endHours":18.621495151474505,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:37","end":"20:31","startHours":18.621495151474505,"endHours":20.513868121341837,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:31","end":"21:37","startHours":20.513868121341837,"endHours":21.621495151474505,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:37","end":"22:44","startHours":21.621495151474505,"endHours":22.729122181607174,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:44","end":"23:50","startHours":22.729122181607174,"endHours":23.836749211739843,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:50","end":"00:57","startHours":23.836749211739843,"endHours":24.94437624187251,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:57","end":"02:03","startHours":24.94437624187251,"endHours":26.05200327200518,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:03","end":"03:10","startHours":26.05200327200518,"endHours":27.15963030213785,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:10","end":"04:16","startHours":27.15963030213785,"endHours":28.267257332270518,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:16","end":"05:22","startHours":28.267257332270518,"endHours":29.374884362403186,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:22","end":"06:22","startHours":5.374884362403188,"endHours":6.374884362403188,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:22","end":"07:22","startHours":6.374884362403188,"endHours":7.374884362403188,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:22","end":"08:22","startHours":7.374884362403188,"endHours":8.374884362403188,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:22","end":"09:22","startHours":8.374884362403188,"endHours":9.374884362403188,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:22","end":"10:22","startHours":9.374884362403188,"endHours":10.374884362403188,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:22","end":"11:22","startHours":10.374884362403188,"endHours":11.374884362403188,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:22","end":"12:22","startHours":11.374884362403188,"endHours":12.374884362403188,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:22","end":"13:22","startHours":12.374884362403188,"endHours":13.374884362403188,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:22","end":"14:22","startHours":13.374884362403188,"endHours":14.374884362403188,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:22","end":"15:22","startHours":14.374884362403188,"endHours":15.374884362403188,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:22","end":"16:22","startHours":15.374884362403188,"endHours":16.374884362403186,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:22","end":"17:22","startHours":16.374884362403186,"endHours":17.374884362403186,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:22","end":"18:22","startHours":17.374884362403186,"endHours":18.374884362403186,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:22","end":"19:22","startHours":18.374884362403186,"endHours":19.374884362403186,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:22","end":"20:22","startHours":19.374884362403186,"endHours":20.374884362403186,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:22","end":"21:22","startHours":20.374884362403186,"endHours":21.374884362403186,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:22","end":"22:22","startHours":21.374884362403186,"endHours":22.374884362403186,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:22","end":"23:22","startHours":22.374884362403186,"endHours":23.374884362403186,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:22","end":"00:22","startHours":23.374884362403186,"endHours":24.374884362403186,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:22","end":"01:22","startHours":24.374884362403186,"endHours":25.374884362403186,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:22","end":"02:22","startHours":25.374884362403186,"endHours":26.374884362403186,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:22","end":"03:22","startHours":26.374884362403186,"endHours":27.374884362403186,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:22","end":"04:22","startHours":27.374884362403186,"endHours":28.374884362403186,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:22","end":"05:22","startHours":28.374884362403186,"endHours":29.374884362403186,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvānkṣa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":18.193349811084612,"eotMinutes":-6.071374512350812,"ayanamsa":24.0846}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2073,"vikram_samvatsara":"Saumya","saka_samvat":1938,"saka_samvatsara":"Durmukhi","bengali_samvat":1423,"malayalam_era":1192,"nanakshahi_year":547,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī · Vikram 2073 Saumya · Śaka 1938 Durmukhi"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2},{"id":"pradosha-vrata","name":"Pradoṣa Vrata","name_sanskrit":"प्रदोष व्रत","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Twilight worship of Śiva on Trayodaśī.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":13},{"tithi_number":28}]},"precedence":7}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"paris"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 31, 2016 CE · Paris, France · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 31, 2016 CE for Paris, France: Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī, sūryodaya 05:22, sūryāsta 20:31.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/paris/2016-07-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/paris/2016-07-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/paris/2016-07-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/paris/2016-07-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/paris/2016-07-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T15:39:26.754Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T15:39:26.754Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T15:39:26.754Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}