{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:paris:2001-04-20:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/paris/2001-04-20","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2001-04-20","date_display":"April 20, 2001 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":4,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452019.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863554.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":6.2735,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":323.2498,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":27,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":316.9763,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.9763},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":323.2498,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.2498},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":329.5232},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":52,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2001,"month":4,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452019.770833,"ahargana":1863554.2708,"kali_year":5103,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8712,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":6.165670999999975,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":324.19297099999994,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.0202},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":242.49637099999995,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":2.224470999999994,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":47.29877099999999,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":337.60047099999997,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":35.969471,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":79.9267,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":259.9267,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":4,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452019.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863554.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":6.2735,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":323.2498,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":27,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":316.9763,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.9763},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":323.2498,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.2498},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":329.5232},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":52,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.02,"elongation":43.024},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.02,"opposition_distance":136.976}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"paris","name":"Paris, France","lat":48.8566,"lon":2.3522,"tz_offset_hours":1,"country":"FR","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"paris","name":"Paris, France","lat":48.8566,"lon":2.3522,"tz_offset_hours":1,"country":"FR","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:51","sunsetLocal":"19:49","solarNoonLocal":"12:50","dayLengthHours":13.970382672367743,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 58 Mins 13 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 01 Mins 47 Secs","moonriseLocal":"04:20","moonsetLocal":"15:44","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"11:05","end":"12:50","startHours":11.080759441526684,"endHours":12.827057275572653,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"16:19","end":"18:04","startHours":16.319652943664586,"endHours":18.065950777710555,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:35","end":"09:20","startHours":7.588163773434748,"endHours":9.334461607480716,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:06","end":"09:34","startHours":9.101621896274587,"endHours":9.567301318686845,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:25","end":"06:48","startHours":6.423965217404103,"endHours":6.796508755333909,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:22","end":"13:18","startHours":12.361377853160393,"endHours":13.292736697984909,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:59","end":"04:55","startHours":3.9791482497397483,"endHours":4.910507094564264,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:41","end":"05:51","startHours":4.677667383358135,"endHours":5.84186593938878,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"15:09","end":"16:05","startHours":15.155454387633942,"endHours":16.086813232458457,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:37","end":"20:01","startHours":19.612248611756524,"endHours":20.012248611756522,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:49","end":"20:24","startHours":19.812248611756523,"endHours":20.394347889771847,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:34","end":"21:19","startHours":19.562248611756523,"endHours":21.312248611756523,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:22","end":"01:18","startHours":24.36137785316039,"endHours":25.292736697984907,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"05:51","end":"07:35","startHours":5.84186593938878,"endHours":7.588163773434748,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"07:35","end":"09:20","startHours":7.588163773434748,"endHours":9.334461607480716,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"09:20","end":"11:05","startHours":9.334461607480716,"endHours":11.080759441526684,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"11:05","end":"12:50","startHours":11.080759441526684,"endHours":12.827057275572653,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:50","end":"14:34","startHours":12.827057275572653,"endHours":14.57335510961862,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"14:34","end":"16:19","startHours":14.57335510961862,"endHours":16.319652943664586,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:19","end":"18:04","startHours":16.319652943664586,"endHours":18.065950777710555,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"18:04","end":"19:49","startHours":18.065950777710555,"endHours":19.812248611756523,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"19:49","end":"21:04","startHours":19.812248611756523,"endHours":21.065950777710555,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:04","end":"22:19","startHours":21.065950777710555,"endHours":22.319652943664586,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:19","end":"23:34","startHours":22.319652943664586,"endHours":23.573355109618618,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"23:34","end":"00:50","startHours":23.573355109618618,"endHours":24.827057275572653,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:50","end":"02:05","startHours":24.827057275572653,"endHours":26.080759441526684,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"02:05","end":"03:20","startHours":26.080759441526684,"endHours":27.334461607480716,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:20","end":"04:35","startHours":27.334461607480716,"endHours":28.58816377343475,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"04:35","end":"05:51","startHours":28.58816377343475,"endHours":29.841865939388782,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:51","end":"06:51","startHours":5.84186593938878,"endHours":6.84186593938878,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:51","end":"07:51","startHours":6.84186593938878,"endHours":7.84186593938878,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:51","end":"08:51","startHours":7.84186593938878,"endHours":8.84186593938878,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:51","end":"09:51","startHours":8.84186593938878,"endHours":9.84186593938878,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:51","end":"10:51","startHours":9.84186593938878,"endHours":10.84186593938878,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:51","end":"11:51","startHours":10.84186593938878,"endHours":11.84186593938878,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:51","end":"12:51","startHours":11.84186593938878,"endHours":12.84186593938878,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:51","end":"13:51","startHours":12.84186593938878,"endHours":13.84186593938878,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:51","end":"14:51","startHours":13.84186593938878,"endHours":14.84186593938878,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:51","end":"15:51","startHours":14.84186593938878,"endHours":15.84186593938878,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:51","end":"16:51","startHours":15.84186593938878,"endHours":16.841865939388782,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:51","end":"17:51","startHours":16.841865939388782,"endHours":17.841865939388782,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:51","end":"18:51","startHours":17.841865939388782,"endHours":18.841865939388782,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:51","end":"19:51","startHours":18.841865939388782,"endHours":19.841865939388782,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:51","end":"20:51","startHours":19.841865939388782,"endHours":20.841865939388782,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:51","end":"21:51","startHours":20.841865939388782,"endHours":21.841865939388782,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:51","end":"22:51","startHours":21.841865939388782,"endHours":22.841865939388782,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:51","end":"23:51","startHours":22.841865939388782,"endHours":23.841865939388782,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:51","end":"00:51","startHours":23.841865939388782,"endHours":24.841865939388782,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:51","end":"01:51","startHours":24.841865939388782,"endHours":25.841865939388782,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:51","end":"02:51","startHours":25.841865939388782,"endHours":26.841865939388782,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:51","end":"03:51","startHours":26.841865939388782,"endHours":27.841865939388782,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:51","end":"04:51","startHours":27.841865939388782,"endHours":28.841865939388782,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:51","end":"05:51","startHours":28.841865939388782,"endHours":29.841865939388782,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mṛtyu","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":11.483623923157952,"eotMinutes":0.9677634656409275,"ayanamsa":23.8712}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2058,"vikram_samvatsara":"Jaya","saka_samvat":1923,"saka_samvatsara":"Vṛṣa","bengali_samvat":1408,"malayalam_era":1177,"nanakshahi_year":532,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_amanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī · Vikram 2058 Jaya · Śaka 1923 Vṛṣa"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"paris"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 20, 2001 CE · Paris, France · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 20, 2001 CE for Paris, France: Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī, sūryodaya 05:51, sūryāsta 19:49.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/paris/2001-04-20","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/paris/2001-04-20","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/paris/2001-04-20","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/paris/2001-04-20","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/paris/2001-04-20"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-06T08:23:34.248Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-06T08:23:34.248Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-06T08:23:34.248Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}