{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:melbourne:2028-02-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2028-02-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2028-02-28","date_display":"February 28, 2028 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":2,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461829.770833,"kali_year":5129,"ahargana":1873364.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":314.8039,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":345.8745,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":3,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":31.0705,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.0705},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":345.8745,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.5411},"yoga":{"number":23,"name":"Śubha","sum_longitude":300.6784},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":5,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2028,"month":2,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461829.770833,"ahargana":1873364.2708,"kali_year":5129,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2464,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":314.721856,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":342.964256,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.1015},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":319.04095600000005,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":287.440256,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":149.90175599999998,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":358.990856,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":0.4765560000000164,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":280.1457,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":100.1457,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":2,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461829.770833,"kali_year":5129,"ahargana":1873364.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":314.8039,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":345.8745,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":3,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":31.0705,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.0705},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":345.8745,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.5411},"yoga":{"number":23,"name":"Śubha","sum_longitude":300.6784},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":5,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.102,"elongation":31.071},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.102,"opposition_distance":148.929}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"melbourne","name":"Melbourne, Australia","lat":-37.8136,"lon":144.9631,"tz_offset_hours":10,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"melbourne","name":"Melbourne, Australia","lat":-37.8136,"lon":144.9631,"tz_offset_hours":10,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:03","sunsetLocal":"19:03","solarNoonLocal":"12:33","dayLengthHours":12.999904729246275,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 00 Mins 00 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 00 Mins 00 Secs","moonriseLocal":"08:32","moonsetLocal":"20:20","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"07:41","end":"09:18","startHours":7.681213373633105,"endHours":9.30620146478889,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:56","end":"12:33","startHours":10.931189555944673,"endHours":12.556177647100458,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"14:11","end":"15:48","startHours":14.181165738256244,"endHours":15.806153829412027,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:05","end":"09:31","startHours":9.089536385968119,"endHours":9.522866543609661,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:36","end":"06:57","startHours":6.597887979529249,"endHours":6.944552105642483,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:07","end":"12:59","startHours":12.122847489458916,"endHours":12.989507804742,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:19","end":"05:11","startHours":4.322904651911151,"endHours":5.1895649671942365,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:58","end":"06:03","startHours":4.972899888373465,"endHours":6.056225282477321,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:43","end":"15:35","startHours":14.72282843530817,"endHours":15.589488750591254,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:51","end":"19:15","startHours":18.856130011723597,"endHours":19.256130011723595,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:03","end":"19:36","startHours":19.056130011723596,"endHours":19.597792708775525,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:48","end":"20:33","startHours":18.806130011723596,"endHours":20.556130011723596,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:07","end":"00:59","startHours":24.122847489458916,"endHours":24.989507804742,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:03","end":"07:41","startHours":6.056225282477321,"endHours":7.681213373633105,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:41","end":"09:18","startHours":7.681213373633105,"endHours":9.30620146478889,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"09:18","end":"10:56","startHours":9.30620146478889,"endHours":10.931189555944673,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"10:56","end":"12:33","startHours":10.931189555944673,"endHours":12.556177647100458,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:33","end":"14:11","startHours":12.556177647100458,"endHours":14.181165738256244,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"14:11","end":"15:48","startHours":14.181165738256244,"endHours":15.806153829412027,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"15:48","end":"17:26","startHours":15.806153829412027,"endHours":17.43114192056781,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:26","end":"19:03","startHours":17.43114192056781,"endHours":19.056130011723596,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"19:03","end":"20:26","startHours":19.056130011723596,"endHours":20.43114192056781,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"20:26","end":"21:48","startHours":20.43114192056781,"endHours":21.806153829412025,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:48","end":"23:11","startHours":21.806153829412025,"endHours":23.181165738256244,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"23:11","end":"00:33","startHours":23.181165738256244,"endHours":24.55617764710046,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:33","end":"01:56","startHours":24.55617764710046,"endHours":25.931189555944673,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"01:56","end":"03:18","startHours":25.931189555944673,"endHours":27.30620146478889,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:18","end":"04:41","startHours":27.30620146478889,"endHours":28.681213373633106,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"04:41","end":"06:03","startHours":28.681213373633106,"endHours":30.05622528247732,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:03","end":"07:03","startHours":6.056225282477321,"endHours":7.056225282477321,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:03","end":"08:03","startHours":7.056225282477321,"endHours":8.056225282477321,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:03","end":"09:03","startHours":8.056225282477321,"endHours":9.056225282477321,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:03","end":"10:03","startHours":9.056225282477321,"endHours":10.056225282477321,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:03","end":"11:03","startHours":10.056225282477321,"endHours":11.056225282477321,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:03","end":"12:03","startHours":11.056225282477321,"endHours":12.056225282477321,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:03","end":"13:03","startHours":12.056225282477321,"endHours":13.056225282477321,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:03","end":"14:03","startHours":13.056225282477321,"endHours":14.056225282477321,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:03","end":"15:03","startHours":14.056225282477321,"endHours":15.056225282477321,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:03","end":"16:03","startHours":15.056225282477321,"endHours":16.05622528247732,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:03","end":"17:03","startHours":16.05622528247732,"endHours":17.05622528247732,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:03","end":"18:03","startHours":17.05622528247732,"endHours":18.05622528247732,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:03","end":"19:03","startHours":18.05622528247732,"endHours":19.05622528247732,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:03","end":"20:03","startHours":19.05622528247732,"endHours":20.05622528247732,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:03","end":"21:03","startHours":20.05622528247732,"endHours":21.05622528247732,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:03","end":"22:03","startHours":21.05622528247732,"endHours":22.05622528247732,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:03","end":"23:03","startHours":22.05622528247732,"endHours":23.05622528247732,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:03","end":"00:03","startHours":23.05622528247732,"endHours":24.05622528247732,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:03","end":"01:03","startHours":24.05622528247732,"endHours":25.05622528247732,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:03","end":"02:03","startHours":25.05622528247732,"endHours":26.05622528247732,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:03","end":"03:03","startHours":26.05622528247732,"endHours":27.05622528247732,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:03","end":"04:03","startHours":27.05622528247732,"endHours":28.05622528247732,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:03","end":"05:03","startHours":28.05622528247732,"endHours":29.05622528247732,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:03","end":"06:03","startHours":29.05622528247732,"endHours":30.05622528247732,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Kāladaṇḍa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-8.206444881434997,"eotMinutes":-13.223058826027486,"ayanamsa":24.2464}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2085,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmati","saka_samvat":1950,"saka_samvatsara":"Kīlaka","bengali_samvat":1435,"malayalam_era":1204,"nanakshahi_year":559,"lunar_month":"Phālguna","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Phālguna Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Phālguna","lunar_month_amanta":"Phālguna","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Kumbha (Māsi)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Phālguna Śukla Tṛtīyā · Vikram 2085 Durmati · Śaka 1950 Kīlaka"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7, 6.34-35.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk","steps":[{"label":"BG 6.5","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/5","purpose":"Lift the self by the Self; begin the walk with inner responsibility."},{"label":"BG 6.6","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/6","purpose":"See the mind as friend when mastered and enemy when unmastered."},{"label":"BG 6.7","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/7","purpose":"Stabilize the conquered mind in heat/cold, honor/dishonor, pleasure/pain."},{"label":"BG 6.34","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/34","purpose":"Name the restless mind honestly before trying to discipline it."},{"label":"BG 6.35","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/35","purpose":"Complete with abhyāsa and vairāgya: practice and detachment."}]},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"melbourne"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga February 28, 2028 CE · Melbourne, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"February 28, 2028 CE for Melbourne, Australia: Śukla Tṛtīyā, sūryodaya 06:03, sūryāsta 19:03.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2028-02-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2028-02-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2028-02-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2028-02-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2028-02-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-07-26T09:22:43.569Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-07-26T09:22:43.569Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-07-26T09:22:43.569Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no founder-city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","Divyāṁśa-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}