{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:melbourne:2026-12-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2026-12-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2026-12-28","date_display":"December 28, 2026 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2026,"month":12,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461402.770833,"kali_year":5128,"ahargana":1872937.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":251.7283,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":124.0209,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":232.2927,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.2927},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":124.0209,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.0209},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":15.7492},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2026,"month":12,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461402.770833,"ahargana":1872937.2708,"kali_year":5128,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.23,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":252.06567100000007,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":127.46327099999996,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.0981},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":134.70707099999998,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":249.00737099999992,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":122.20527100000004,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":204.94217100000003,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":344.023971,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":302.7702,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":122.7702,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2026,"month":12,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461402.770833,"kali_year":5128,"ahargana":1872937.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":251.7283,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":124.0209,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":232.2927,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.2927},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":124.0209,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.0209},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":15.7492},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.098,"elongation":127.707},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.098,"opposition_distance":52.293}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"melbourne","name":"Melbourne, Australia","lat":-37.8136,"lon":144.9631,"tz_offset_hours":10,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"melbourne","name":"Melbourne, Australia","lat":-37.8136,"lon":144.9631,"tz_offset_hours":10,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"04:59","sunsetLocal":"19:45","solarNoonLocal":"12:22","dayLengthHours":14.764669961243694,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 45 Mins 53 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 14 Mins 07 Secs","moonriseLocal":"22:35","moonsetLocal":"09:32","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"06:50","end":"08:41","startHours":6.830493838938406,"endHours":8.676077584093868,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:31","end":"12:22","startHours":10.52166132924933,"endHours":12.367245074404792,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"14:13","end":"16:04","startHours":14.212828819560254,"endHours":16.058412564715713,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:26","end":"08:55","startHours":8.429999751406474,"endHours":8.922155416781262,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:36","end":"06:00","startHours":5.600104675501432,"endHours":5.993829207801263,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:53","end":"12:52","startHours":11.87508940903,"endHours":12.85940073977958,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:01","end":"04:00","startHours":3.016287432283785,"endHours":4.000598763033365,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:45","end":"04:59","startHours":3.75452093034597,"endHours":4.984910093782944,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:50","end":"15:49","startHours":14.828023401278738,"endHours":15.812334732028317,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:33","end":"19:57","startHours":19.549580055026638,"endHours":19.949580055026637,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:45","end":"20:22","startHours":19.749580055026637,"endHours":20.364774636745125,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:30","end":"21:15","startHours":19.499580055026637,"endHours":21.249580055026637,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:53","end":"00:52","startHours":23.875089409030004,"endHours":24.85940073977958,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"04:59","end":"06:50","startHours":4.984910093782944,"endHours":6.830493838938406,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:50","end":"08:41","startHours":6.830493838938406,"endHours":8.676077584093868,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:41","end":"10:31","startHours":8.676077584093868,"endHours":10.52166132924933,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"10:31","end":"12:22","startHours":10.52166132924933,"endHours":12.367245074404792,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:22","end":"14:13","startHours":12.367245074404792,"endHours":14.212828819560254,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"14:13","end":"16:04","startHours":14.212828819560254,"endHours":16.058412564715713,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:04","end":"17:54","startHours":16.058412564715713,"endHours":17.903996309871175,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:54","end":"19:45","startHours":17.903996309871175,"endHours":19.749580055026637,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"19:45","end":"20:54","startHours":19.749580055026637,"endHours":20.903996309871175,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"20:54","end":"22:04","startHours":20.903996309871175,"endHours":22.058412564715713,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:04","end":"23:13","startHours":22.058412564715713,"endHours":23.21282881956025,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"23:13","end":"00:22","startHours":23.21282881956025,"endHours":24.367245074404792,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:22","end":"01:31","startHours":24.367245074404792,"endHours":25.521661329249326,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"01:31","end":"02:41","startHours":25.521661329249326,"endHours":26.676077584093868,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:41","end":"03:50","startHours":26.676077584093868,"endHours":27.830493838938406,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:50","end":"04:59","startHours":27.830493838938406,"endHours":28.984910093782943,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"04:59","end":"05:59","startHours":4.984910093782944,"endHours":5.984910093782944,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"05:59","end":"06:59","startHours":5.984910093782944,"endHours":6.984910093782944,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"06:59","end":"07:59","startHours":6.984910093782944,"endHours":7.984910093782944,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"07:59","end":"08:59","startHours":7.984910093782944,"endHours":8.984910093782943,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"08:59","end":"09:59","startHours":8.984910093782943,"endHours":9.984910093782943,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"09:59","end":"10:59","startHours":9.984910093782943,"endHours":10.984910093782943,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"10:59","end":"11:59","startHours":10.984910093782943,"endHours":11.984910093782943,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"11:59","end":"12:59","startHours":11.984910093782943,"endHours":12.984910093782943,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"12:59","end":"13:59","startHours":12.984910093782943,"endHours":13.984910093782943,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"13:59","end":"14:59","startHours":13.984910093782943,"endHours":14.984910093782943,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"14:59","end":"15:59","startHours":14.984910093782943,"endHours":15.984910093782943,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"15:59","end":"16:59","startHours":15.984910093782943,"endHours":16.984910093782943,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"16:59","end":"17:59","startHours":16.984910093782943,"endHours":17.984910093782943,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"17:59","end":"18:59","startHours":17.984910093782943,"endHours":18.984910093782943,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"18:59","end":"19:59","startHours":18.984910093782943,"endHours":19.984910093782943,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"19:59","end":"20:59","startHours":19.984910093782943,"endHours":20.984910093782943,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"20:59","end":"21:59","startHours":20.984910093782943,"endHours":21.984910093782943,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"21:59","end":"22:59","startHours":21.984910093782943,"endHours":22.984910093782943,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"22:59","end":"23:59","startHours":22.984910093782943,"endHours":23.984910093782943,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"23:59","end":"00:59","startHours":23.984910093782943,"endHours":24.984910093782943,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"00:59","end":"01:59","startHours":24.984910093782943,"endHours":25.984910093782943,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"01:59","end":"02:59","startHours":25.984910093782943,"endHours":26.984910093782943,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"02:59","end":"03:59","startHours":26.984910093782943,"endHours":27.984910093782943,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"03:59","end":"04:59","startHours":27.984910093782943,"endHours":28.984910093782943,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Padma","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-23.286796031585634,"eotMinutes":-1.8871044642874448,"ayanamsa":24.23}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2083,"vikram_samvatsara":"Siddhārthī","saka_samvat":1948,"saka_samvatsara":"Parābhava","bengali_samvat":1433,"malayalam_era":1202,"nanakshahi_year":557,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2083 Siddhārthī · Śaka 1948 Parābhava"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7, 6.34-35.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk","steps":[{"label":"BG 6.5","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/5","purpose":"Lift the self by the Self; begin the walk with inner responsibility."},{"label":"BG 6.6","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/6","purpose":"See the mind as friend when mastered and enemy when unmastered."},{"label":"BG 6.7","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/7","purpose":"Stabilize the conquered mind in heat/cold, honor/dishonor, pleasure/pain."},{"label":"BG 6.34","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/34","purpose":"Name the restless mind honestly before trying to discipline it."},{"label":"BG 6.35","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/35","purpose":"Complete with abhyāsa and vairāgya: practice and detachment."}]},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"melbourne"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 28, 2026 CE · Melbourne, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 28, 2026 CE for Melbourne, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 04:59, sūryāsta 19:45.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2026-12-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2026-12-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2026-12-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2026-12-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2026-12-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-07-26T07:16:33.254Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-07-26T07:16:33.254Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-07-26T07:16:33.254Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no founder-city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","Divyāṁśa-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}