{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:melbourne:2025-03-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2025-03-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2025-03-01","date_display":"March 1, 2025 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2025,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460735.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872270.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.5931,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":328.3639,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":1,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pratipada","elongation_degrees":11.7709,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.7709},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":328.3639,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.3639},"yoga":{"number":22,"name":"Sādhya","sum_longitude":284.957},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":1,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2025,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460735.770833,"ahargana":1872270.2708,"kali_year":5126,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2045,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.4984549999999,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":330.27335500000004,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.7611},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":82.58455500000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":331.768555,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":48.02415500000001,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":346.335255,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":326.589155,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":338.1111,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":158.1111,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2025,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460735.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872270.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.5931,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":328.3639,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":1,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pratipada","elongation_degrees":11.7709,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.7709},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":328.3639,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.3639},"yoga":{"number":22,"name":"Sādhya","sum_longitude":284.957},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":1,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.761,"elongation":11.771},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.761,"opposition_distance":168.229}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":13,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.722,"opposition_distance":1.445}]},"city":{"slug":"melbourne","name":"Melbourne, Australia","lat":-37.8136,"lon":144.9631,"tz_offset_hours":10,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"melbourne","name":"Melbourne, Australia","lat":-37.8136,"lon":144.9631,"tz_offset_hours":10,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:05","sunsetLocal":"19:01","solarNoonLocal":"12:33","dayLengthHours":12.930175453038903,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 55 Mins 49 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 04 Mins 11 Secs","moonriseLocal":"07:19","moonsetLocal":"19:38","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:19","end":"10:56","startHours":9.320635139358854,"endHours":10.936907070988717,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:10","end":"15:47","startHours":14.169450934248442,"endHours":15.785722865878306,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:05","end":"07:42","startHours":6.088091276099129,"endHours":7.704363207728992,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:06","end":"09:32","startHours":9.10513221514154,"endHours":9.53613806357617,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:38","end":"06:58","startHours":6.626848586642416,"endHours":6.97165326539012,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:07","end":"12:59","startHours":12.12217315418395,"endHours":12.98418485105321,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:22","end":"05:14","startHours":4.364067882360608,"endHours":5.226079579229869,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:01","end":"06:05","startHours":5.010576655012554,"endHours":6.088091276099129,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:42","end":"15:34","startHours":14.70820824479173,"endHours":15.57021994166099,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:49","end":"19:13","startHours":18.81826672913803,"endHours":19.21826672913803,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:01","end":"19:33","startHours":19.01826672913803,"endHours":19.55702403968132,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:46","end":"20:31","startHours":18.76826672913803,"endHours":20.51826672913803,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:07","end":"00:59","startHours":24.122173154183947,"endHours":24.984184851053207,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:05","end":"07:42","startHours":6.088091276099129,"endHours":7.704363207728992,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:42","end":"09:19","startHours":7.704363207728992,"endHours":9.320635139358854,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:19","end":"10:56","startHours":9.320635139358854,"endHours":10.936907070988717,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:56","end":"12:33","startHours":10.936907070988717,"endHours":12.553179002618581,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:33","end":"14:10","startHours":12.553179002618581,"endHours":14.169450934248442,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:10","end":"15:47","startHours":14.169450934248442,"endHours":15.785722865878306,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:47","end":"17:24","startHours":15.785722865878306,"endHours":17.40199479750817,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:24","end":"19:01","startHours":17.40199479750817,"endHours":19.01826672913803,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"19:01","end":"20:24","startHours":19.01826672913803,"endHours":20.401994797508166,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:24","end":"21:47","startHours":20.401994797508166,"endHours":21.785722865878306,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:47","end":"23:10","startHours":21.785722865878306,"endHours":23.16945093424844,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:10","end":"00:33","startHours":23.16945093424844,"endHours":24.553179002618577,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:33","end":"01:56","startHours":24.553179002618577,"endHours":25.936907070988717,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:56","end":"03:19","startHours":25.936907070988717,"endHours":27.320635139358853,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:19","end":"04:42","startHours":27.320635139358853,"endHours":28.70436320772899,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:42","end":"06:05","startHours":28.70436320772899,"endHours":30.088091276099128,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:05","end":"07:05","startHours":6.088091276099129,"endHours":7.088091276099129,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:05","end":"08:05","startHours":7.088091276099129,"endHours":8.088091276099128,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:05","end":"09:05","startHours":8.088091276099128,"endHours":9.088091276099128,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:05","end":"10:05","startHours":9.088091276099128,"endHours":10.088091276099128,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:05","end":"11:05","startHours":10.088091276099128,"endHours":11.088091276099128,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:05","end":"12:05","startHours":11.088091276099128,"endHours":12.088091276099128,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:05","end":"13:05","startHours":12.088091276099128,"endHours":13.088091276099128,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:05","end":"14:05","startHours":13.088091276099128,"endHours":14.088091276099128,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:05","end":"15:05","startHours":14.088091276099128,"endHours":15.088091276099128,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:05","end":"16:05","startHours":15.088091276099128,"endHours":16.088091276099128,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:05","end":"17:05","startHours":16.088091276099128,"endHours":17.088091276099128,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:05","end":"18:05","startHours":17.088091276099128,"endHours":18.088091276099128,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:05","end":"19:05","startHours":18.088091276099128,"endHours":19.088091276099128,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:05","end":"20:05","startHours":19.088091276099128,"endHours":20.088091276099128,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:05","end":"21:05","startHours":20.088091276099128,"endHours":21.088091276099128,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:05","end":"22:05","startHours":21.088091276099128,"endHours":22.088091276099128,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:05","end":"23:05","startHours":22.088091276099128,"endHours":23.088091276099128,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:05","end":"00:05","startHours":23.088091276099128,"endHours":24.088091276099128,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:05","end":"01:05","startHours":24.088091276099128,"endHours":25.088091276099128,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:05","end":"02:05","startHours":25.088091276099128,"endHours":26.088091276099128,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:05","end":"03:05","startHours":26.088091276099128,"endHours":27.088091276099128,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:05","end":"04:05","startHours":27.088091276099128,"endHours":28.088091276099128,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:05","end":"05:05","startHours":28.088091276099128,"endHours":29.088091276099128,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:05","end":"06:05","startHours":29.088091276099128,"endHours":30.088091276099128,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Amṛta","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-7.552635623858231,"eotMinutes":-13.043140157114735,"ayanamsa":24.2045}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2082,"vikram_samvatsara":"Kālayukta","saka_samvat":1947,"saka_samvatsara":"Viśvāvasu","bengali_samvat":1432,"malayalam_era":1201,"nanakshahi_year":556,"lunar_month":"Phālguna","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Phālguna Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Kumbha (Māsi)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Phālguna Śukla Pratipada · Vikram 2082 Kālayukta · Śaka 1947 Viśvāvasu"},"festivals":[{"id":"kumbha-sankranti","name":"Kumbha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"कुम्भ सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aquarius; Kumbha-māsa begins.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Kumbha"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"melbourne"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 1, 2025 CE · Melbourne, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 1, 2025 CE for Melbourne, Australia: Śukla Pratipada, sūryodaya 06:05, sūryāsta 19:01.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2025-03-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2025-03-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2025-03-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2025-03-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2025-03-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T17:35:38.894Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T17:35:38.894Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T17:35:38.894Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}