{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:melbourne:2017-01-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2017-01-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2017-01-31","date_display":"January 31, 2017 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2017,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457784.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869319.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":287.2288,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":324.137,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":4,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturthī","elongation_degrees":36.9082,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.9082},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":324.137,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.137},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":251.3658},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":6,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2017,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457784.770833,"ahargana":1869319.2708,"kali_year":5118,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0916,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":287.2582050000001,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":324.07500500000003,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.7549},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":337.741405,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":265.1903050000001,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":178.49470500000007,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":332.72440499999993,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":240.23880499999996,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":134.4692,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":314.4692,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2017,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457784.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869319.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":287.2288,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":324.137,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":4,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturthī","elongation_degrees":36.9082,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.9082},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":324.137,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.137},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":251.3658},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":6,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.755,"elongation":36.908},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.755,"opposition_distance":143.092}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":11,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-1.052,"opposition_distance":1.908}]},"city":{"slug":"melbourne","name":"Melbourne, Australia","lat":-37.8136,"lon":144.9631,"tz_offset_hours":10,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"melbourne","name":"Melbourne, Australia","lat":-37.8136,"lon":144.9631,"tz_offset_hours":10,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:33","sunsetLocal":"19:34","solarNoonLocal":"12:34","dayLengthHours":14.02570224954762,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 01 Mins 33 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 58 Mins 27 Secs","moonriseLocal":"08:43","moonsetLocal":"21:18","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:04","end":"17:49","startHours":16.067712038084274,"endHours":17.820924819277725,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:03","end":"10:48","startHours":9.054860913310463,"endHours":10.808073694503914,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:34","end":"14:19","startHours":12.561286475697369,"endHours":14.31449925689082,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:49","end":"09:17","startHours":8.821099209151335,"endHours":9.288622617469589,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:08","end":"06:30","startHours":6.132839611321375,"endHours":6.506858337975978,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:06","end":"13:02","startHours":12.093763067379115,"endHours":13.028809884015622,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:41","end":"04:37","startHours":3.6783417176505413,"endHours":4.613388534287049,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:23","end":"05:33","startHours":4.379626830127922,"endHours":5.548435350923557,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:54","end":"15:50","startHours":14.898903517288637,"endHours":15.833950333925145,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:22","end":"19:46","startHours":19.37413760047118,"endHours":19.774137600471178,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:34","end":"20:10","startHours":19.57413760047118,"endHours":20.158541860868997,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:19","end":"21:04","startHours":19.32413760047118,"endHours":21.07413760047118,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:06","end":"01:02","startHours":24.093763067379115,"endHours":25.028809884015622,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"05:33","end":"07:18","startHours":5.548435350923557,"endHours":7.30164813211701,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:18","end":"09:03","startHours":7.30164813211701,"endHours":9.054860913310463,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:03","end":"10:48","startHours":9.054860913310463,"endHours":10.808073694503914,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:48","end":"12:34","startHours":10.808073694503914,"endHours":12.561286475697369,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:34","end":"14:19","startHours":12.561286475697369,"endHours":14.31449925689082,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:19","end":"16:04","startHours":14.31449925689082,"endHours":16.067712038084274,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:04","end":"17:49","startHours":16.067712038084274,"endHours":17.820924819277725,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"17:49","end":"19:34","startHours":17.820924819277725,"endHours":19.57413760047118,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:34","end":"20:49","startHours":19.57413760047118,"endHours":20.820924819277728,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:49","end":"22:04","startHours":20.820924819277728,"endHours":22.067712038084274,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:04","end":"23:19","startHours":22.067712038084274,"endHours":23.31449925689082,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:19","end":"00:34","startHours":23.31449925689082,"endHours":24.56128647569737,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:34","end":"01:48","startHours":24.56128647569737,"endHours":25.808073694503918,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:48","end":"03:03","startHours":25.808073694503918,"endHours":27.054860913310463,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:03","end":"04:18","startHours":27.054860913310463,"endHours":28.30164813211701,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:18","end":"05:33","startHours":28.30164813211701,"endHours":29.548435350923558,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:33","end":"06:33","startHours":5.548435350923557,"endHours":6.548435350923557,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:33","end":"07:33","startHours":6.548435350923557,"endHours":7.548435350923557,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:33","end":"08:33","startHours":7.548435350923557,"endHours":8.548435350923558,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:33","end":"09:33","startHours":8.548435350923558,"endHours":9.548435350923558,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:33","end":"10:33","startHours":9.548435350923558,"endHours":10.548435350923558,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:33","end":"11:33","startHours":10.548435350923558,"endHours":11.548435350923558,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:33","end":"12:33","startHours":11.548435350923558,"endHours":12.548435350923558,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:33","end":"13:33","startHours":12.548435350923558,"endHours":13.548435350923558,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:33","end":"14:33","startHours":13.548435350923558,"endHours":14.548435350923558,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:33","end":"15:33","startHours":14.548435350923558,"endHours":15.548435350923558,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:33","end":"16:33","startHours":15.548435350923558,"endHours":16.548435350923558,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:33","end":"17:33","startHours":16.548435350923558,"endHours":17.548435350923558,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:33","end":"18:33","startHours":17.548435350923558,"endHours":18.548435350923558,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:33","end":"19:33","startHours":18.548435350923558,"endHours":19.548435350923558,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:33","end":"20:33","startHours":19.548435350923558,"endHours":20.548435350923558,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:33","end":"21:33","startHours":20.548435350923558,"endHours":21.548435350923558,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:33","end":"22:33","startHours":21.548435350923558,"endHours":22.548435350923558,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:33","end":"23:33","startHours":22.548435350923558,"endHours":23.548435350923558,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:33","end":"00:33","startHours":23.548435350923558,"endHours":24.548435350923558,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:33","end":"01:33","startHours":24.548435350923558,"endHours":25.548435350923558,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:33","end":"02:33","startHours":25.548435350923558,"endHours":26.548435350923558,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:33","end":"03:33","startHours":26.548435350923558,"endHours":27.548435350923558,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:33","end":"04:33","startHours":27.548435350923558,"endHours":28.548435350923558,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:33","end":"05:33","startHours":28.548435350923558,"endHours":29.548435350923558,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Saumya","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-17.371964492598426,"eotMinutes":-13.52958854184206,"ayanamsa":24.0916}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2074,"vikram_samvatsara":"Sādhāraṇa","saka_samvat":1939,"saka_samvatsara":"Hemalambī","bengali_samvat":1424,"malayalam_era":1193,"nanakshahi_year":548,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Śukla Caturthī · Vikram 2074 Sādhāraṇa · Śaka 1939 Hemalambī"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2},{"id":"angarika-chaturthi","name":"Aṅgāraka Caturthī (Tuesday Caturthī)","name_sanskrit":"अङ्गारक चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa + Maṅgala","significance":"Tuesday-Caturthī (rare); supremely auspicious for Maṅgala-doṣa-nivāraṇa.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":4,"vara_name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"},{"tithi_number":19,"vara_name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}]},"precedence":3},{"id":"vinayaka-chaturthi","name":"Vināyaka Caturthī (monthly)","name_sanskrit":"विनायक चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa","significance":"Monthly Śukla-pakṣa Caturthī; auspicious for new ventures.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":4,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"melbourne"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 31, 2017 CE · Melbourne, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 31, 2017 CE for Melbourne, Australia: Śukla Caturthī, sūryodaya 05:33, sūryāsta 19:34.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2017-01-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2017-01-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2017-01-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2017-01-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2017-01-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T13:30:00.995Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T13:30:00.995Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T13:30:00.995Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}