{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:melbourne:2016-07-24:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2016-07-24","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2016-07-24","date_display":"July 24, 2016 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":7,"day":24,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457593.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869128.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":96.9759,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":328.2718,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":231.296,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.296},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":328.2718,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.2718},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":65.2477},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2016,"month":7,"day":24,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457593.770833,"ahargana":1869128.2708,"kali_year":5118,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0843,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":97.50390299999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":329.079703,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.2887},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":212.53020300000003,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":114.62840299999999,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":145.955103,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":110.23100299999999,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":225.83440300000007,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":144.5893,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":324.5893,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":7,"day":24,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457593.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869128.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":96.9759,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":328.2718,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":231.296,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.296},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":328.2718,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.2718},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":65.2477},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.289,"elongation":128.704},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.289,"opposition_distance":51.296}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"melbourne","name":"Melbourne, Australia","lat":-37.8136,"lon":144.9631,"tz_offset_hours":10,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"melbourne","name":"Melbourne, Australia","lat":-37.8136,"lon":144.9631,"tz_offset_hours":10,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"07:27","sunsetLocal":"17:26","solarNoonLocal":"12:26","dayLengthHours":9.99145306024864,"dayLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 59 Mins 29 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 00 Mins 31 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:41","moonsetLocal":"10:04","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:11","end":"17:26","startHours":16.185257730778545,"endHours":17.434189363309628,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:26","end":"13:41","startHours":12.438462833185309,"endHours":13.687394465716388,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"14:56","end":"16:11","startHours":14.936326098247468,"endHours":16.185257730778545,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:46","end":"10:06","startHours":9.774075350452337,"endHours":10.10712378579396,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:52","end":"08:08","startHours":7.859046847238014,"endHours":8.12548559551131,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:06","end":"12:46","startHours":12.105414397843685,"endHours":12.771511268526929,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"06:07","end":"06:47","startHours":6.110542561694503,"endHours":6.7766394323777455,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:37","end":"07:27","startHours":6.610115214706934,"endHours":7.442736303060988,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:06","end":"14:46","startHours":14.103705009893414,"endHours":14.769801880576656,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:14","end":"17:38","startHours":17.23418936330963,"endHours":17.634189363309627,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:26","end":"17:51","startHours":17.434189363309628,"endHours":17.850499907486654,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:11","end":"18:56","startHours":17.184189363309628,"endHours":18.934189363309628,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:06","end":"00:46","startHours":24.105414397843685,"endHours":24.771511268526925,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:27","end":"08:42","startHours":7.442736303060988,"endHours":8.691667935592069,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:42","end":"09:56","startHours":8.691667935592069,"endHours":9.940599568123147,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:56","end":"11:11","startHours":9.940599568123147,"endHours":11.189531200654228,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:11","end":"12:26","startHours":11.189531200654228,"endHours":12.438462833185309,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:26","end":"13:41","startHours":12.438462833185309,"endHours":13.687394465716388,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:41","end":"14:56","startHours":13.687394465716388,"endHours":14.936326098247468,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"14:56","end":"16:11","startHours":14.936326098247468,"endHours":16.185257730778545,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:11","end":"17:26","startHours":16.185257730778545,"endHours":17.434189363309628,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:26","end":"19:11","startHours":17.434189363309628,"endHours":19.18525773077855,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:11","end":"20:56","startHours":19.18525773077855,"endHours":20.936326098247466,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:56","end":"22:41","startHours":20.936326098247466,"endHours":22.687394465716388,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:41","end":"00:26","startHours":22.687394465716388,"endHours":24.43846283318531,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:26","end":"02:11","startHours":24.43846283318531,"endHours":26.18953120065423,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:11","end":"03:56","startHours":26.18953120065423,"endHours":27.940599568123147,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:56","end":"05:42","startHours":27.940599568123147,"endHours":29.69166793559207,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:42","end":"07:27","startHours":29.69166793559207,"endHours":31.44273630306099,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:27","end":"08:27","startHours":7.442736303060988,"endHours":8.442736303060988,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:27","end":"09:27","startHours":8.442736303060988,"endHours":9.442736303060988,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:27","end":"10:27","startHours":9.442736303060988,"endHours":10.442736303060988,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:27","end":"11:27","startHours":10.442736303060988,"endHours":11.442736303060988,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:27","end":"12:27","startHours":11.442736303060988,"endHours":12.442736303060988,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:27","end":"13:27","startHours":12.442736303060988,"endHours":13.442736303060988,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:27","end":"14:27","startHours":13.442736303060988,"endHours":14.442736303060988,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:27","end":"15:27","startHours":14.442736303060988,"endHours":15.442736303060988,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:27","end":"16:27","startHours":15.442736303060988,"endHours":16.44273630306099,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:27","end":"17:27","startHours":16.44273630306099,"endHours":17.44273630306099,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:27","end":"18:27","startHours":17.44273630306099,"endHours":18.44273630306099,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:27","end":"19:27","startHours":18.44273630306099,"endHours":19.44273630306099,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:27","end":"20:27","startHours":19.44273630306099,"endHours":20.44273630306099,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:27","end":"21:27","startHours":20.44273630306099,"endHours":21.44273630306099,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:27","end":"22:27","startHours":21.44273630306099,"endHours":22.44273630306099,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:27","end":"23:27","startHours":22.44273630306099,"endHours":23.44273630306099,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:27","end":"00:27","startHours":23.44273630306099,"endHours":24.44273630306099,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:27","end":"01:27","startHours":24.44273630306099,"endHours":25.44273630306099,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:27","end":"02:27","startHours":25.44273630306099,"endHours":26.44273630306099,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:27","end":"03:27","startHours":26.44273630306099,"endHours":27.44273630306099,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:27","end":"04:27","startHours":27.44273630306099,"endHours":28.44273630306099,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:27","end":"05:27","startHours":28.44273630306099,"endHours":29.44273630306099,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:27","end":"06:27","startHours":29.44273630306099,"endHours":30.44273630306099,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:27","end":"07:27","startHours":30.44273630306099,"endHours":31.44273630306099,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Rākṣasa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":19.803923719600345,"eotMinutes":-6.160169991118456,"ayanamsa":24.0843}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2073,"vikram_samvatsara":"Saumya","saka_samvat":1938,"saka_samvatsara":"Durmukhi","bengali_samvat":1423,"malayalam_era":1192,"nanakshahi_year":547,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2073 Saumya · Śaka 1938 Durmukhi"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"melbourne"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 24, 2016 CE · Melbourne, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 24, 2016 CE for Melbourne, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 07:27, sūryāsta 17:26.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2016-07-24","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2016-07-24","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2016-07-24","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2016-07-24","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2016-07-24"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T20:40:02.245Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T20:40:02.245Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T20:40:02.245Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}