{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:melbourne:2016-01-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2016-01-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2016-01-28","date_display":"January 28, 2016 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":1,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457415.770833,"kali_year":5117,"ahargana":1868950.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":283.4021,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":151.3328,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":227.9307,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.9307},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":151.3328,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.6661},"yoga":{"number":6,"name":"Atigaṇḍa","sum_longitude":74.7349},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":37,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2016,"month":1,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457415.770833,"ahargana":1868950.2708,"kali_year":5117,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0775,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":283.45530400000007,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":148.942904,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.2108},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":198.65970400000003,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":260.79870400000004,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":147.808404,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":250.83930399999997,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":229.49990400000002,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":154.0206,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":334.0206,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":1,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457415.770833,"kali_year":5117,"ahargana":1868950.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":283.4021,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":151.3328,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":227.9307,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.9307},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":151.3328,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.6661},"yoga":{"number":6,"name":"Atigaṇḍa","sum_longitude":74.7349},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":37,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.211,"elongation":132.069},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.211,"opposition_distance":47.931}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"melbourne","name":"Melbourne, Australia","lat":-37.8136,"lon":144.9631,"tz_offset_hours":10,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"melbourne","name":"Melbourne, Australia","lat":-37.8136,"lon":144.9631,"tz_offset_hours":10,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:29","sunsetLocal":"19:38","solarNoonLocal":"12:33","dayLengthHours":14.14678973455134,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 08 Mins 48 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 51 Mins 12 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:41","moonsetLocal":"09:29","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:19","end":"16:05","startHours":14.320385917400014,"endHours":16.08873463421893,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"05:29","end":"07:15","startHours":5.478642333305427,"endHours":7.246991050124344,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:01","end":"10:47","startHours":9.015339766943262,"endHours":10.78368848376218,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:47","end":"09:15","startHours":8.779559938034073,"endHours":9.251119595852451,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:04","end":"06:27","startHours":6.068091905578399,"endHours":6.445339631833101,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:05","end":"13:01","startHours":12.080477542762718,"endHours":13.023596858399475,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:36","end":"04:32","startHours":3.5924037020319144,"endHours":4.5355230176686705,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:18","end":"05:29","startHours":4.299743188759482,"endHours":5.478642333305427,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:55","end":"15:51","startHours":14.909835489672986,"endHours":15.852954805309741,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:26","end":"19:50","startHours":19.425432067856768,"endHours":19.825432067856767,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:38","end":"20:13","startHours":19.625432067856767,"endHours":20.21488164012974,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:23","end":"21:08","startHours":19.375432067856767,"endHours":21.125432067856767,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:05","end":"01:01","startHours":24.08047754276272,"endHours":25.023596858399475,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:29","end":"07:15","startHours":5.478642333305427,"endHours":7.246991050124344,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"07:15","end":"09:01","startHours":7.246991050124344,"endHours":9.015339766943262,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:01","end":"10:47","startHours":9.015339766943262,"endHours":10.78368848376218,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:47","end":"12:33","startHours":10.78368848376218,"endHours":12.552037200581097,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:33","end":"14:19","startHours":12.552037200581097,"endHours":14.320385917400014,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"14:19","end":"16:05","startHours":14.320385917400014,"endHours":16.08873463421893,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:05","end":"17:51","startHours":16.08873463421893,"endHours":17.85708335103785,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:51","end":"19:38","startHours":17.85708335103785,"endHours":19.625432067856767,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:38","end":"20:51","startHours":19.625432067856767,"endHours":20.85708335103785,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"20:51","end":"22:05","startHours":20.85708335103785,"endHours":22.08873463421893,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:05","end":"23:19","startHours":22.08873463421893,"endHours":23.320385917400014,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"23:19","end":"00:33","startHours":23.320385917400014,"endHours":24.552037200581097,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:33","end":"01:47","startHours":24.552037200581097,"endHours":25.78368848376218,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"01:47","end":"03:01","startHours":25.78368848376218,"endHours":27.015339766943264,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:01","end":"04:15","startHours":27.015339766943264,"endHours":28.246991050124343,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"04:15","end":"05:29","startHours":28.246991050124343,"endHours":29.478642333305427,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:29","end":"06:29","startHours":5.478642333305427,"endHours":6.478642333305427,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:29","end":"07:29","startHours":6.478642333305427,"endHours":7.478642333305427,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:29","end":"08:29","startHours":7.478642333305427,"endHours":8.478642333305427,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:29","end":"09:29","startHours":8.478642333305427,"endHours":9.478642333305427,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:29","end":"10:29","startHours":9.478642333305427,"endHours":10.478642333305427,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:29","end":"11:29","startHours":10.478642333305427,"endHours":11.478642333305427,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:29","end":"12:29","startHours":11.478642333305427,"endHours":12.478642333305427,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:29","end":"13:29","startHours":12.478642333305427,"endHours":13.478642333305427,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:29","end":"14:29","startHours":13.478642333305427,"endHours":14.478642333305427,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:29","end":"15:29","startHours":14.478642333305427,"endHours":15.478642333305427,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:29","end":"16:29","startHours":15.478642333305427,"endHours":16.478642333305427,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:29","end":"17:29","startHours":16.478642333305427,"endHours":17.478642333305427,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:29","end":"18:29","startHours":17.478642333305427,"endHours":18.478642333305427,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:29","end":"19:29","startHours":18.478642333305427,"endHours":19.478642333305427,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:29","end":"20:29","startHours":19.478642333305427,"endHours":20.478642333305427,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:29","end":"21:29","startHours":20.478642333305427,"endHours":21.478642333305427,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:29","end":"22:29","startHours":21.478642333305427,"endHours":22.478642333305427,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:29","end":"23:29","startHours":22.478642333305427,"endHours":23.478642333305427,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:29","end":"00:29","startHours":23.478642333305427,"endHours":24.478642333305427,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:29","end":"01:29","startHours":24.478642333305427,"endHours":25.478642333305427,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:29","end":"02:29","startHours":25.478642333305427,"endHours":26.478642333305427,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:29","end":"03:29","startHours":26.478642333305427,"endHours":27.478642333305427,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:29","end":"04:29","startHours":27.478642333305427,"endHours":28.478642333305427,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:29","end":"05:29","startHours":28.478642333305427,"endHours":29.478642333305427,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhātṛ","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-18.38518648680245,"eotMinutes":-12.974632034865841,"ayanamsa":24.0775}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2073,"vikram_samvatsara":"Saumya","saka_samvat":1938,"saka_samvatsara":"Durmukhi","bengali_samvat":1423,"malayalam_era":1192,"nanakshahi_year":547,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Caturthī · Vikram 2073 Saumya · Śaka 1938 Durmukhi"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2},{"id":"sankashti-chaturthi","name":"Saṅkaṣṭī Caturthī","name_sanskrit":"सङ्कष्टी चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa","significance":"Monthly Gaṇeśa vrata.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":19,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"melbourne"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 28, 2016 CE · Melbourne, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 28, 2016 CE for Melbourne, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Caturthī, sūryodaya 05:29, sūryāsta 19:38.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2016-01-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2016-01-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2016-01-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2016-01-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2016-01-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T22:11:55.930Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T22:11:55.930Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T22:11:55.930Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}