{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:melbourne:2013-05-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2013-05-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2013-05-01","date_display":"May 1, 2013 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2013,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456413.770833,"kali_year":5115,"ahargana":1867948.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.8303,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":265.3795,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":21,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":248.5491,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.5491},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":265.3795,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.0461},"yoga":{"number":22,"name":"Sādhya","sum_longitude":282.2098},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":41,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2013,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456413.770833,"ahargana":1867948.2708,"kali_year":5115,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0392,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.80018799999999,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":268.078388,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.8262},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":13.652188000000024,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":4.431087999999988,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":53.00038799999999,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":25.237588000000017,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":193.72828800000002,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":207.1114,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":27.1114,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2013,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456413.770833,"kali_year":5115,"ahargana":1867948.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.8303,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":265.3795,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":21,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":248.5491,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.5491},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":265.3795,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.0461},"yoga":{"number":22,"name":"Sādhya","sum_longitude":282.2098},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":41,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.826,"elongation":111.451},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.826,"opposition_distance":68.549}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-5,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-1.09,"opposition_distance":1.352},{"offset_days":9,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.055,"elongation":1.837}]},"city":{"slug":"melbourne","name":"Melbourne, Australia","lat":-37.8136,"lon":144.9631,"tz_offset_hours":10,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"melbourne","name":"Melbourne, Australia","lat":-37.8136,"lon":144.9631,"tz_offset_hours":10,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"07:01","sunsetLocal":"17:33","solarNoonLocal":"12:17","dayLengthHours":10.539750965255152,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 32 Mins 23 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 27 Mins 37 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:47","moonsetLocal":"12:17","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:17","end":"13:36","startHours":12.287159877850552,"endHours":13.604628748507444,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:20","end":"09:39","startHours":8.334753265879868,"endHours":9.652222136536764,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:58","end":"12:17","startHours":10.969691007193656,"endHours":12.287159877850552,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:29","end":"09:50","startHours":9.476559620449176,"endHours":9.827884652624348,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:27","end":"07:44","startHours":7.45644068544194,"endHours":7.7375007111820775,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:56","end":"12:38","startHours":11.93583484567538,"endHours":12.638484910025724,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:37","end":"06:19","startHours":5.611984266522288,"endHours":6.314634330872632,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:08","end":"07:01","startHours":6.138971814785046,"endHours":7.017284395222975,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:03","end":"14:45","startHours":14.04378503872641,"endHours":14.746435103076754,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:21","end":"17:45","startHours":17.35703536047813,"endHours":17.757035360478127,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:33","end":"18:00","startHours":17.557035360478128,"endHours":17.996191650697092,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:18","end":"19:03","startHours":17.307035360478128,"endHours":19.057035360478128,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:56","end":"00:38","startHours":23.93583484567538,"endHours":24.638484910025724,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"07:01","end":"08:20","startHours":7.017284395222975,"endHours":8.334753265879868,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:20","end":"09:39","startHours":8.334753265879868,"endHours":9.652222136536764,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:39","end":"10:58","startHours":9.652222136536764,"endHours":10.969691007193656,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:58","end":"12:17","startHours":10.969691007193656,"endHours":12.287159877850552,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:17","end":"13:36","startHours":12.287159877850552,"endHours":13.604628748507444,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:36","end":"14:55","startHours":13.604628748507444,"endHours":14.92209761916434,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"14:55","end":"16:14","startHours":14.92209761916434,"endHours":16.239566489821232,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:14","end":"17:33","startHours":16.239566489821232,"endHours":17.557035360478128,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:33","end":"19:14","startHours":17.557035360478128,"endHours":19.239566489821236,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:14","end":"20:55","startHours":19.239566489821236,"endHours":20.92209761916434,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"20:55","end":"22:36","startHours":20.92209761916434,"endHours":22.604628748507444,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:36","end":"00:17","startHours":22.604628748507444,"endHours":24.287159877850552,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:17","end":"01:58","startHours":24.287159877850552,"endHours":25.96969100719366,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:58","end":"03:39","startHours":25.96969100719366,"endHours":27.652222136536764,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:39","end":"05:20","startHours":27.652222136536764,"endHours":29.33475326587987,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:20","end":"07:01","startHours":29.33475326587987,"endHours":31.017284395222976,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:01","end":"08:01","startHours":7.017284395222975,"endHours":8.017284395222976,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:01","end":"09:01","startHours":8.017284395222976,"endHours":9.017284395222976,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:01","end":"10:01","startHours":9.017284395222976,"endHours":10.017284395222976,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:01","end":"11:01","startHours":10.017284395222976,"endHours":11.017284395222976,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:01","end":"12:01","startHours":11.017284395222976,"endHours":12.017284395222976,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:01","end":"13:01","startHours":12.017284395222976,"endHours":13.017284395222976,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:01","end":"14:01","startHours":13.017284395222976,"endHours":14.017284395222976,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:01","end":"15:01","startHours":14.017284395222976,"endHours":15.017284395222976,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:01","end":"16:01","startHours":15.017284395222976,"endHours":16.017284395222976,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:01","end":"17:01","startHours":16.017284395222976,"endHours":17.017284395222976,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:01","end":"18:01","startHours":17.017284395222976,"endHours":18.017284395222976,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:01","end":"19:01","startHours":18.017284395222976,"endHours":19.017284395222976,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:01","end":"20:01","startHours":19.017284395222976,"endHours":20.017284395222976,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:01","end":"21:01","startHours":20.017284395222976,"endHours":21.017284395222976,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:01","end":"22:01","startHours":21.017284395222976,"endHours":22.017284395222976,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:01","end":"23:01","startHours":22.017284395222976,"endHours":23.017284395222976,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:01","end":"00:01","startHours":23.017284395222976,"endHours":24.017284395222976,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:01","end":"01:01","startHours":24.017284395222976,"endHours":25.017284395222976,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:01","end":"02:01","startHours":25.017284395222976,"endHours":26.017284395222976,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:01","end":"03:01","startHours":26.017284395222976,"endHours":27.017284395222976,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:01","end":"04:01","startHours":27.017284395222976,"endHours":28.017284395222976,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:01","end":"05:01","startHours":28.017284395222976,"endHours":29.017284395222976,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:01","end":"06:01","startHours":29.017284395222976,"endHours":30.017284395222976,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:01","end":"07:01","startHours":30.017284395222976,"endHours":31.017284395222976,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Prajāpati","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":15.075610301743168,"eotMinutes":2.918007328966811,"ayanamsa":24.0392}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2070,"vikram_samvatsara":"Parābhava","saka_samvat":1935,"saka_samvatsara":"Vijaya","bengali_samvat":1420,"malayalam_era":1189,"nanakshahi_year":544,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_amanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī · Vikram 2070 Parābhava · Śaka 1935 Vijaya"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"melbourne"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga May 1, 2013 CE · Melbourne, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"May 1, 2013 CE for Melbourne, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī, sūryodaya 07:01, sūryāsta 17:33.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2013-05-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2013-05-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2013-05-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2013-05-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2013-05-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T01:02:21.948Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T01:02:21.948Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-02T01:02:21.948Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}