{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:melbourne:2001-12-25:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2001-12-25","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2001-12-25","date_display":"December 25, 2001 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":12,"day":25,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452268.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863803.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":249.1267,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":4.0055,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":10,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Daśamī","elongation_degrees":114.8787,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.8787},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":4.0055,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.0055},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":253.1322},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":19,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2001,"month":12,"day":25,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452268.770833,"ahargana":1863803.2708,"kali_year":5103,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8807,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":249.42865700000004,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":3.3337569999999914,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.9989},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":317.910657,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":260.7831570000001,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":77.62345700000003,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":244.53515700000003,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":45.807657000000006,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":66.7335,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":246.7335,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":12,"day":25,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452268.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863803.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":249.1267,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":4.0055,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":10,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Daśamī","elongation_degrees":114.8787,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.8787},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":4.0055,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.0055},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":253.1322},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":19,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.999,"elongation":114.879},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.999,"opposition_distance":65.121}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"melbourne","name":"Melbourne, Australia","lat":-37.8136,"lon":144.9631,"tz_offset_hours":10,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"melbourne","name":"Melbourne, Australia","lat":-37.8136,"lon":144.9631,"tz_offset_hours":10,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"04:57","sunsetLocal":"19:44","solarNoonLocal":"12:21","dayLengthHours":14.779021129150484,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 46 Mins 44 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 13 Mins 16 Secs","moonriseLocal":"14:26","moonsetLocal":"01:26","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:02","end":"17:53","startHours":16.03877289798878,"endHours":17.886150539132593,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:39","end":"10:30","startHours":8.649262333413539,"endHours":10.496639974557349,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:21","end":"14:11","startHours":12.344017615701159,"endHours":14.19139525684497,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:24","end":"08:54","startHours":8.402945314594364,"endHours":8.895579352232712,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:34","end":"05:58","startHours":5.570299598173854,"endHours":5.964406828284534,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:51","end":"12:50","startHours":11.851383578062809,"endHours":12.836651653339509,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"02:59","end":"03:58","startHours":2.9839709005725195,"endHours":3.969238975849218,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:43","end":"04:57","startHours":3.7229219570300436,"endHours":4.954507051125917,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:48","end":"15:48","startHours":14.807187803892907,"endHours":15.792455879169605,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:32","end":"19:56","startHours":19.533528180276402,"endHours":19.9335281802764,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:44","end":"20:21","startHours":19.7335281802764,"endHours":20.34932072732434,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:29","end":"21:14","startHours":19.4835281802764,"endHours":21.2335281802764,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:51","end":"00:50","startHours":23.85138357806281,"endHours":24.83665165333951,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"04:57","end":"06:48","startHours":4.954507051125917,"endHours":6.801884692269728,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:48","end":"08:39","startHours":6.801884692269728,"endHours":8.649262333413539,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:39","end":"10:30","startHours":8.649262333413539,"endHours":10.496639974557349,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:30","end":"12:21","startHours":10.496639974557349,"endHours":12.344017615701159,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:21","end":"14:11","startHours":12.344017615701159,"endHours":14.19139525684497,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:11","end":"16:02","startHours":14.19139525684497,"endHours":16.03877289798878,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:02","end":"17:53","startHours":16.03877289798878,"endHours":17.886150539132593,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"17:53","end":"19:44","startHours":17.886150539132593,"endHours":19.7335281802764,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:44","end":"20:53","startHours":19.7335281802764,"endHours":20.88615053913259,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:53","end":"22:02","startHours":20.88615053913259,"endHours":22.038772897988782,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:02","end":"23:11","startHours":22.038772897988782,"endHours":23.19139525684497,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:11","end":"00:21","startHours":23.19139525684497,"endHours":24.34401761570116,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:21","end":"01:30","startHours":24.34401761570116,"endHours":25.496639974557347,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:30","end":"02:39","startHours":25.496639974557347,"endHours":26.64926233341354,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:39","end":"03:48","startHours":26.64926233341354,"endHours":27.801884692269727,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:48","end":"04:57","startHours":27.801884692269727,"endHours":28.954507051125915,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"04:57","end":"05:57","startHours":4.954507051125917,"endHours":5.954507051125917,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"05:57","end":"06:57","startHours":5.954507051125917,"endHours":6.954507051125917,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"06:57","end":"07:57","startHours":6.954507051125917,"endHours":7.954507051125917,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"07:57","end":"08:57","startHours":7.954507051125917,"endHours":8.954507051125917,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"08:57","end":"09:57","startHours":8.954507051125917,"endHours":9.954507051125917,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"09:57","end":"10:57","startHours":9.954507051125917,"endHours":10.954507051125917,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"10:57","end":"11:57","startHours":10.954507051125917,"endHours":11.954507051125917,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"11:57","end":"12:57","startHours":11.954507051125917,"endHours":12.954507051125917,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"12:57","end":"13:57","startHours":12.954507051125917,"endHours":13.954507051125917,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"13:57","end":"14:57","startHours":13.954507051125917,"endHours":14.954507051125917,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"14:57","end":"15:57","startHours":14.954507051125917,"endHours":15.954507051125917,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"15:57","end":"16:57","startHours":15.954507051125917,"endHours":16.954507051125915,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"16:57","end":"17:57","startHours":16.954507051125915,"endHours":17.954507051125915,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"17:57","end":"18:57","startHours":17.954507051125915,"endHours":18.954507051125915,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"18:57","end":"19:57","startHours":18.954507051125915,"endHours":19.954507051125915,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"19:57","end":"20:57","startHours":19.954507051125915,"endHours":20.954507051125915,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"20:57","end":"21:57","startHours":20.954507051125915,"endHours":21.954507051125915,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"21:57","end":"22:57","startHours":21.954507051125915,"endHours":22.954507051125915,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"22:57","end":"23:57","startHours":22.954507051125915,"endHours":23.954507051125915,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"23:57","end":"00:57","startHours":23.954507051125915,"endHours":24.954507051125915,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"00:57","end":"01:57","startHours":24.954507051125915,"endHours":25.954507051125915,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"01:57","end":"02:57","startHours":25.954507051125915,"endHours":26.954507051125915,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"02:57","end":"03:57","startHours":26.954507051125915,"endHours":27.954507051125915,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"03:57","end":"04:57","startHours":27.954507051125915,"endHours":28.954507051125915,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Vajra","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-23.39508762296324,"eotMinutes":-0.4934569420694592,"ayanamsa":23.8807}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2058,"vikram_samvatsara":"Jaya","saka_samvat":1923,"saka_samvatsara":"Vṛṣa","bengali_samvat":1408,"malayalam_era":1177,"nanakshahi_year":532,"lunar_month":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Mārgaśīrṣa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Mārgaśīrṣa Śukla Daśamī · Vikram 2058 Jaya · Śaka 1923 Vṛṣa"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3101-02-18","event":"Kali Yuga Epoch","chart_id":"kali-yuga-epoch","shared_marker":"same Aśvinī","url":"/day/-3101-02-18","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"melbourne"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 25, 2001 CE · Melbourne, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 25, 2001 CE for Melbourne, Australia: Śukla Daśamī, sūryodaya 04:57, sūryāsta 19:44.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2001-12-25","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2001-12-25","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2001-12-25","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2001-12-25","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2001-12-25"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T16:25:32.312Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T16:25:32.312Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-02T16:25:32.312Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}