{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:melbourne:2000-07-20:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2000-07-20","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2000-07-20","date_display":"July 20, 2000 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2000,"month":7,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451745.770833,"kali_year":5102,"ahargana":1863280.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":93.3154,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":314.6031,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":221.2878,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.2878},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":314.6031,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.9365},"yoga":{"number":4,"name":"Saubhāgya","sum_longitude":47.9185},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":36,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2000,"month":7,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451745.770833,"ahargana":1863280.2708,"kali_year":5102,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8607,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":93.780239,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":311.789139,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-2.9003},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":88.282939,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":76.637339,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":39.987738999999976,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":104.39463899999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":34.57773900000001,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":94.4445,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":274.4445,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2000,"month":7,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451745.770833,"kali_year":5102,"ahargana":1863280.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":93.3154,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":314.6031,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":221.2878,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.2878},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":314.6031,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.9365},"yoga":{"number":4,"name":"Saubhāgya","sum_longitude":47.9185},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":36,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.9,"elongation":138.712},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.9,"opposition_distance":41.288}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-18,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-1.266,"elongation":2.772},{"offset_days":11,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.753,"elongation":0.251}]},"city":{"slug":"melbourne","name":"Melbourne, Australia","lat":-37.8136,"lon":144.9631,"tz_offset_hours":10,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"melbourne","name":"Melbourne, Australia","lat":-37.8136,"lon":144.9631,"tz_offset_hours":10,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"07:29","sunsetLocal":"17:23","solarNoonLocal":"12:26","dayLengthHours":9.891507947470714,"dayLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 53 Mins 29 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 06 Mins 31 Secs","moonriseLocal":"20:26","moonsetLocal":"09:31","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"13:40","end":"14:55","startHours":13.672135513686463,"endHours":14.9085740071203,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:29","end":"08:44","startHours":7.489943046517266,"endHours":8.726381539951106,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:58","end":"11:12","startHours":9.962820033384943,"endHours":11.199258526818785,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:48","end":"10:08","startHours":9.797961567593767,"endHours":10.127678499176124,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:54","end":"08:10","startHours":7.9020892109952126,"endHours":8.165862756261099,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:06","end":"12:46","startHours":12.105980088670265,"endHours":12.76541395183498,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"06:10","end":"06:50","startHours":6.171075320187837,"endHours":6.830509183352552,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:40","end":"07:29","startHours":6.665650717561373,"endHours":7.489943046517266,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:05","end":"14:45","startHours":14.084281678164409,"endHours":14.743715541329124,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:11","end":"17:35","startHours":17.18145099398798,"endHours":17.58145099398798,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:23","end":"17:48","startHours":17.38145099398798,"endHours":17.793597158465925,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:08","end":"18:53","startHours":17.13145099398798,"endHours":18.88145099398798,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:06","end":"00:46","startHours":24.105980088670265,"endHours":24.76541395183498,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:29","end":"08:44","startHours":7.489943046517266,"endHours":8.726381539951106,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:44","end":"09:58","startHours":8.726381539951106,"endHours":9.962820033384943,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:58","end":"11:12","startHours":9.962820033384943,"endHours":11.199258526818785,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"11:12","end":"12:26","startHours":11.199258526818785,"endHours":12.435697020252622,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:26","end":"13:40","startHours":12.435697020252622,"endHours":13.672135513686463,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"13:40","end":"14:55","startHours":13.672135513686463,"endHours":14.9085740071203,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:55","end":"16:09","startHours":14.9085740071203,"endHours":16.14501250055414,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:09","end":"17:23","startHours":16.14501250055414,"endHours":17.38145099398798,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:23","end":"19:09","startHours":17.38145099398798,"endHours":19.145012500554138,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:09","end":"20:55","startHours":19.145012500554138,"endHours":20.9085740071203,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:55","end":"22:40","startHours":20.9085740071203,"endHours":22.672135513686463,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:40","end":"00:26","startHours":22.672135513686463,"endHours":24.435697020252622,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:26","end":"02:12","startHours":24.435697020252622,"endHours":26.19925852681878,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:12","end":"03:58","startHours":26.19925852681878,"endHours":27.962820033384943,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:58","end":"05:44","startHours":27.962820033384943,"endHours":29.726381539951106,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"05:44","end":"07:29","startHours":29.726381539951106,"endHours":31.489943046517265,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:29","end":"08:29","startHours":7.489943046517266,"endHours":8.489943046517265,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:29","end":"09:29","startHours":8.489943046517265,"endHours":9.489943046517265,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:29","end":"10:29","startHours":9.489943046517265,"endHours":10.489943046517265,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:29","end":"11:29","startHours":10.489943046517265,"endHours":11.489943046517265,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:29","end":"12:29","startHours":11.489943046517265,"endHours":12.489943046517265,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:29","end":"13:29","startHours":12.489943046517265,"endHours":13.489943046517265,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:29","end":"14:29","startHours":13.489943046517265,"endHours":14.489943046517265,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:29","end":"15:29","startHours":14.489943046517265,"endHours":15.489943046517265,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:29","end":"16:29","startHours":15.489943046517265,"endHours":16.489943046517265,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:29","end":"17:29","startHours":16.489943046517265,"endHours":17.489943046517265,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:29","end":"18:29","startHours":17.489943046517265,"endHours":18.489943046517265,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:29","end":"19:29","startHours":18.489943046517265,"endHours":19.489943046517265,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:29","end":"20:29","startHours":19.489943046517265,"endHours":20.489943046517265,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:29","end":"21:29","startHours":20.489943046517265,"endHours":21.489943046517265,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:29","end":"22:29","startHours":21.489943046517265,"endHours":22.489943046517265,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:29","end":"23:29","startHours":22.489943046517265,"endHours":23.489943046517265,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:29","end":"00:29","startHours":23.489943046517265,"endHours":24.489943046517265,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:29","end":"01:29","startHours":24.489943046517265,"endHours":25.489943046517265,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:29","end":"02:29","startHours":25.489943046517265,"endHours":26.489943046517265,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:29","end":"03:29","startHours":26.489943046517265,"endHours":27.489943046517265,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:29","end":"04:29","startHours":27.489943046517265,"endHours":28.489943046517265,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:29","end":"05:29","startHours":28.489943046517265,"endHours":29.489943046517265,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:29","end":"06:29","startHours":29.489943046517265,"endHours":30.489943046517265,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:29","end":"07:29","startHours":30.489943046517265,"endHours":31.489943046517265,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Maitra","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":20.63051779945756,"eotMinutes":-5.99422121515736,"ayanamsa":23.8607}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2057,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vijaya","saka_samvat":1922,"saka_samvatsara":"Vikrama","bengali_samvat":1407,"malayalam_era":1176,"nanakshahi_year":531,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Caturthī · Vikram 2057 Vijaya · Śaka 1922 Vikrama"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2},{"id":"sankashti-chaturthi","name":"Saṅkaṣṭī Caturthī","name_sanskrit":"सङ्कष्टी चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa","significance":"Monthly Gaṇeśa vrata.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":19,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"melbourne"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 20, 2000 CE · Melbourne, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 20, 2000 CE for Melbourne, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Caturthī, sūryodaya 07:29, sūryāsta 17:23.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2000-07-20","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2000-07-20","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2000-07-20","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2000-07-20","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/2000-07-20"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-19T20:02:00.427Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-19T20:02:00.427Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-19T20:02:00.427Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}