{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:melbourne:1998-04-20:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/1998-04-20","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1998-04-20","date_display":"April 20, 1998 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":4,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450923.770833,"kali_year":5100,"ahargana":1862458.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":6.0559,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":282.1382,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":24,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Navamī","elongation_degrees":276.0823,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.0823},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1,"moon_longitude":282.1382,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.1382},"yoga":{"number":22,"name":"Sādhya","sum_longitude":288.1941},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":46,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1998,"month":4,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450923.770833,"ahargana":1862458.2708,"kali_year":5100,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8292,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":5.940045999999995,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":278.583446,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.6343},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":11.429945999999973,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":346.073846,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":323.4926459999999,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":320.936146,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":0.33544599999999036,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":137.998,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":317.998,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":4,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450923.770833,"kali_year":5100,"ahargana":1862458.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":6.0559,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":282.1382,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":24,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Navamī","elongation_degrees":276.0823,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.0823},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1,"moon_longitude":282.1382,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.1382},"yoga":{"number":22,"name":"Sādhya","sum_longitude":288.1941},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":46,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.634,"elongation":83.918},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.634,"opposition_distance":96.082}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"melbourne","name":"Melbourne, Australia","lat":-37.8136,"lon":144.9631,"tz_offset_hours":10,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"melbourne","name":"Melbourne, Australia","lat":-37.8136,"lon":144.9631,"tz_offset_hours":10,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:51","sunsetLocal":"17:48","solarNoonLocal":"12:19","dayLengthHours":10.945770269277507,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 56 Mins 45 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 03 Mins 15 Secs","moonriseLocal":"23:22","moonsetLocal":"13:37","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:13","end":"09:35","startHours":8.215000091260253,"endHours":9.58322137491994,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:57","end":"12:19","startHours":10.95144265857963,"endHours":12.319663942239318,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"13:41","end":"15:03","startHours":13.687885225899006,"endHours":15.056106509558695,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:24","end":"09:46","startHours":9.400791870431982,"endHours":9.7656508794079,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:18","end":"07:36","startHours":7.302852568820461,"endHours":7.5947397760011945,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:57","end":"12:41","startHours":11.954804933263402,"endHours":12.684522951215234,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:23","end":"06:07","startHours":5.387342771696897,"endHours":6.117060789648731,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:56","end":"06:51","startHours":5.934631285160773,"endHours":6.846778807600565,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:09","end":"14:52","startHours":14.143958987118904,"endHours":14.873677005070737,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:36","end":"18:00","startHours":17.592549076878072,"endHours":17.99254907687807,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:48","end":"18:15","startHours":17.79254907687807,"endHours":18.24862283809797,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:33","end":"19:18","startHours":17.54254907687807,"endHours":19.29254907687807,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:57","end":"00:41","startHours":23.9548049332634,"endHours":24.684522951215232,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:51","end":"08:13","startHours":6.846778807600565,"endHours":8.215000091260253,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"08:13","end":"09:35","startHours":8.215000091260253,"endHours":9.58322137491994,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"09:35","end":"10:57","startHours":9.58322137491994,"endHours":10.95144265857963,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"10:57","end":"12:19","startHours":10.95144265857963,"endHours":12.319663942239318,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:19","end":"13:41","startHours":12.319663942239318,"endHours":13.687885225899006,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"13:41","end":"15:03","startHours":13.687885225899006,"endHours":15.056106509558695,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"15:03","end":"16:25","startHours":15.056106509558695,"endHours":16.42432779321838,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"16:25","end":"17:48","startHours":16.42432779321838,"endHours":17.79254907687807,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"17:48","end":"19:25","startHours":17.79254907687807,"endHours":19.42432779321838,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"19:25","end":"21:03","startHours":19.42432779321838,"endHours":21.056106509558695,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:03","end":"22:41","startHours":21.056106509558695,"endHours":22.687885225899006,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"22:41","end":"00:19","startHours":22.687885225899006,"endHours":24.319663942239316,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:19","end":"01:57","startHours":24.319663942239316,"endHours":25.95144265857963,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"01:57","end":"03:35","startHours":25.95144265857963,"endHours":27.58322137491994,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:35","end":"05:13","startHours":27.58322137491994,"endHours":29.21500009126025,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"05:13","end":"06:51","startHours":29.21500009126025,"endHours":30.846778807600565,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:51","end":"07:51","startHours":6.846778807600565,"endHours":7.846778807600565,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:51","end":"08:51","startHours":7.846778807600565,"endHours":8.846778807600565,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:51","end":"09:51","startHours":8.846778807600565,"endHours":9.846778807600565,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:51","end":"10:51","startHours":9.846778807600565,"endHours":10.846778807600565,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:51","end":"11:51","startHours":10.846778807600565,"endHours":11.846778807600565,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:51","end":"12:51","startHours":11.846778807600565,"endHours":12.846778807600565,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:51","end":"13:51","startHours":12.846778807600565,"endHours":13.846778807600565,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:51","end":"14:51","startHours":13.846778807600565,"endHours":14.846778807600565,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:51","end":"15:51","startHours":14.846778807600565,"endHours":15.846778807600565,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:51","end":"16:51","startHours":15.846778807600565,"endHours":16.846778807600565,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:51","end":"17:51","startHours":16.846778807600565,"endHours":17.846778807600565,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:51","end":"18:51","startHours":17.846778807600565,"endHours":18.846778807600565,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:51","end":"19:51","startHours":18.846778807600565,"endHours":19.846778807600565,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:51","end":"20:51","startHours":19.846778807600565,"endHours":20.846778807600565,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:51","end":"21:51","startHours":20.846778807600565,"endHours":21.846778807600565,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:51","end":"22:51","startHours":21.846778807600565,"endHours":22.846778807600565,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:51","end":"23:51","startHours":22.846778807600565,"endHours":23.846778807600565,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:51","end":"00:51","startHours":23.846778807600565,"endHours":24.846778807600565,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:51","end":"01:51","startHours":24.846778807600565,"endHours":25.846778807600565,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:51","end":"02:51","startHours":25.846778807600565,"endHours":26.846778807600565,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:51","end":"03:51","startHours":26.846778807600565,"endHours":27.846778807600565,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:51","end":"04:51","startHours":27.846778807600565,"endHours":28.846778807600565,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:51","end":"05:51","startHours":28.846778807600565,"endHours":29.846778807600565,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:51","end":"06:51","startHours":29.846778807600565,"endHours":30.846778807600565,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Cara","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":11.38948241724056,"eotMinutes":0.9677634656409275,"ayanamsa":23.8292}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2055,"vikram_samvatsara":"Khara","saka_samvat":1920,"saka_samvatsara":"Bahudhānya","bengali_samvat":1405,"malayalam_era":1174,"nanakshahi_year":529,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_amanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Navamī · Vikram 2055 Khara · Śaka 1920 Bahudhānya"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7, 6.34-35.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk","steps":[{"label":"BG 6.5","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/5","purpose":"Lift the self by the Self; begin the walk with inner responsibility."},{"label":"BG 6.6","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/6","purpose":"See the mind as friend when mastered and enemy when unmastered."},{"label":"BG 6.7","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/7","purpose":"Stabilize the conquered mind in heat/cold, honor/dishonor, pleasure/pain."},{"label":"BG 6.34","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/34","purpose":"Name the restless mind honestly before trying to discipline it."},{"label":"BG 6.35","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/35","purpose":"Complete with abhyāsa and vairāgya: practice and detachment."}]},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"melbourne"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 20, 1998 CE · Melbourne, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 20, 1998 CE for Melbourne, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Navamī, sūryodaya 06:51, sūryāsta 17:48.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/1998-04-20","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/1998-04-20","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/1998-04-20","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/1998-04-20","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/1998-04-20"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-06T09:26:06.066Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-06T09:26:06.066Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-06T09:26:06.066Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}