{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:melbourne:1997-01-14:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/1997-01-14","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-01-14","date_display":"January 14, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":1,"day":14,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450462.770833,"kali_year":5098,"ahargana":1861997.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":269.9855,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":333.6531,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":6,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":63.6676,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.6676},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":333.6531,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.3198},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":243.6386},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":10,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":1,"day":14,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450462.770833,"ahargana":1861997.2708,"kali_year":5098,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8116,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":270.09755900000005,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":337.155959,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.6855},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":159.14315899999997,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":249.16515900000002,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":274.4594589999999,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":251.01955899999996,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":338.302559,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":162.424,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":342.424,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":1,"day":14,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450462.770833,"kali_year":5098,"ahargana":1861997.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":269.9855,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":333.6531,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":6,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":63.6676,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.6676},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":333.6531,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.3198},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":243.6386},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":10,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.685,"elongation":63.668},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.685,"opposition_distance":116.332}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"melbourne","name":"Melbourne, Australia","lat":-37.8136,"lon":144.9631,"tz_offset_hours":10,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"melbourne","name":"Melbourne, Australia","lat":-37.8136,"lon":144.9631,"tz_offset_hours":10,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:14","sunsetLocal":"19:44","solarNoonLocal":"12:29","dayLengthHours":14.509888747621424,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 30 Mins 36 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 29 Mins 24 Secs","moonriseLocal":"10:56","moonsetLocal":"22:59","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:07","end":"17:56","startHours":16.113224270227832,"endHours":17.926960363680507,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:51","end":"10:40","startHours":8.85827989641712,"endHours":10.672015989869797,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:29","end":"14:18","startHours":12.485752083322474,"endHours":14.299488176775153,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:37","end":"09:06","startHours":8.616448417290094,"endHours":9.100111375544142,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:50","end":"06:13","startHours":5.835386407329322,"endHours":6.22231677393256,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:00","end":"12:58","startHours":12.002089125068427,"endHours":12.969415041576521,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:18","end":"04:16","startHours":3.2961558764955727,"endHours":4.263481793003668,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:01","end":"05:14","startHours":4.021650313876644,"endHours":5.230807709511763,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:54","end":"15:52","startHours":14.904066874592711,"endHours":15.871392791100806,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:32","end":"19:56","startHours":19.540696457133187,"endHours":19.940696457133186,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:44","end":"20:21","startHours":19.740696457133186,"endHours":20.345275154950745,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:29","end":"21:14","startHours":19.490696457133186,"endHours":21.240696457133186,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:00","end":"00:58","startHours":24.002089125068427,"endHours":24.96941504157652,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"05:14","end":"07:03","startHours":5.230807709511763,"endHours":7.044543802964441,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:03","end":"08:51","startHours":7.044543802964441,"endHours":8.85827989641712,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:51","end":"10:40","startHours":8.85827989641712,"endHours":10.672015989869797,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:40","end":"12:29","startHours":10.672015989869797,"endHours":12.485752083322474,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:29","end":"14:18","startHours":12.485752083322474,"endHours":14.299488176775153,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:18","end":"16:07","startHours":14.299488176775153,"endHours":16.113224270227832,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:07","end":"17:56","startHours":16.113224270227832,"endHours":17.926960363680507,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"17:56","end":"19:44","startHours":17.926960363680507,"endHours":19.740696457133186,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:44","end":"20:56","startHours":19.740696457133186,"endHours":20.926960363680507,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:56","end":"22:07","startHours":20.926960363680507,"endHours":22.113224270227832,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:07","end":"23:18","startHours":22.113224270227832,"endHours":23.299488176775153,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:18","end":"00:29","startHours":23.299488176775153,"endHours":24.485752083322474,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:29","end":"01:40","startHours":24.485752083322474,"endHours":25.672015989869795,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:40","end":"02:51","startHours":25.672015989869795,"endHours":26.858279896417116,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:51","end":"04:03","startHours":26.858279896417116,"endHours":28.04454380296444,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:03","end":"05:14","startHours":28.04454380296444,"endHours":29.23080770951176,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:14","end":"06:14","startHours":5.230807709511763,"endHours":6.230807709511763,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:14","end":"07:14","startHours":6.230807709511763,"endHours":7.230807709511763,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:14","end":"08:14","startHours":7.230807709511763,"endHours":8.230807709511762,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:14","end":"09:14","startHours":8.230807709511762,"endHours":9.230807709511762,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:14","end":"10:14","startHours":9.230807709511762,"endHours":10.230807709511762,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:14","end":"11:14","startHours":10.230807709511762,"endHours":11.230807709511762,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:14","end":"12:14","startHours":11.230807709511762,"endHours":12.230807709511762,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:14","end":"13:14","startHours":12.230807709511762,"endHours":13.230807709511762,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:14","end":"14:14","startHours":13.230807709511762,"endHours":14.230807709511762,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:14","end":"15:14","startHours":14.230807709511762,"endHours":15.230807709511762,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:14","end":"16:14","startHours":15.230807709511762,"endHours":16.23080770951176,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:14","end":"17:14","startHours":16.23080770951176,"endHours":17.23080770951176,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:14","end":"18:14","startHours":17.23080770951176,"endHours":18.23080770951176,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:14","end":"19:14","startHours":18.23080770951176,"endHours":19.23080770951176,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:14","end":"20:14","startHours":19.23080770951176,"endHours":20.23080770951176,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:14","end":"21:14","startHours":20.23080770951176,"endHours":21.23080770951176,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:14","end":"22:14","startHours":21.23080770951176,"endHours":22.23080770951176,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:14","end":"23:14","startHours":22.23080770951176,"endHours":23.23080770951176,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:14","end":"00:14","startHours":23.23080770951176,"endHours":24.23080770951176,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:14","end":"01:14","startHours":24.23080770951176,"endHours":25.23080770951176,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:14","end":"02:14","startHours":25.23080770951176,"endHours":26.23080770951176,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:14","end":"03:14","startHours":26.23080770951176,"endHours":27.23080770951176,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:14","end":"04:14","startHours":27.23080770951176,"endHours":28.23080770951176,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:14","end":"05:14","startHours":28.23080770951176,"endHours":29.23080770951176,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvānkṣa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-21.321616512396222,"eotMinutes":-8.99752499934842,"ayanamsa":23.8116}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Ṣaṣṭhī · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi_ingress":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi_ingress":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Dedicated festival walk for Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa) · Pongal / Thai Pongal is not live yet; Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"melbourne"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 14, 1997 CE · Melbourne, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 14, 1997 CE for Melbourne, Australia: Śukla Ṣaṣṭhī, sūryodaya 05:14, sūryāsta 19:44.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/1997-01-14","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/1997-01-14","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/1997-01-14","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/1997-01-14","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/melbourne/1997-01-14"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-06T05:39:26.720Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-06T05:39:26.720Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-06T05:39:26.720Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}