{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:mathura:2024-04-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/2024-04-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2024-04-28","date_display":"April 28, 2024 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2024,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460428.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1871963.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":14.0792,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":243.1968,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":229.1176,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.1176},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1,"moon_longitude":243.1968,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.1968},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":257.2761},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2024,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460428.770833,"ahargana":1871963.2708,"kali_year":5126,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1928,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":14.060985000000016,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":241.05168500000002,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.1954},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":333.453485,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":351.739785,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":29.26448499999998,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":3.7373850000000175,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":322.27398500000004,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":354.3774,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":174.3774,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2024,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460428.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1871963.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":14.0792,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":243.1968,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":229.1176,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.1176},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1,"moon_longitude":243.1968,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.1968},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":257.2761},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.195,"elongation":130.882},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.195,"opposition_distance":49.118}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-4,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-1.28,"opposition_distance":0.923}]},"city":{"slug":"mathura","name":"Mathurā","lat":27.4924,"lon":77.6737,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"mathura","name":"Mathurā","lat":27.4924,"lon":77.6737,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"05:43","sunsetLocal":"18:51","solarNoonLocal":"12:17","dayLengthHours":13.143548285667226,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 08 Mins 37 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 51 Mins 23 Secs","moonriseLocal":"22:14","moonsetLocal":"08:36","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:13","end":"18:51","startHours":17.209044437868215,"endHours":18.851987973576616,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:17","end":"13:55","startHours":12.280213830743005,"endHours":13.923157366451406,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:34","end":"17:13","startHours":15.56610090215981,"endHours":17.209044437868215,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:47","end":"09:13","startHours":8.775267621231745,"endHours":9.21338589742065,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:15","end":"06:36","startHours":6.256087533145525,"endHours":6.606582154096651,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:51","end":"12:43","startHours":11.842095554554096,"endHours":12.71833210693191,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:57","end":"04:50","startHours":3.955966583153761,"endHours":4.832203135531576,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:37","end":"05:43","startHours":4.613143997437122,"endHours":5.708439687909391,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:28","end":"15:21","startHours":14.47080521168754,"endHours":15.347041764065356,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:39","end":"19:03","startHours":18.651987973576617,"endHours":19.051987973576615,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:51","end":"19:24","startHours":18.851987973576616,"endHours":19.39963581881275,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:36","end":"20:21","startHours":18.601987973576616,"endHours":20.351987973576616,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:51","end":"00:43","startHours":23.842095554554092,"endHours":24.71833210693191,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:43","end":"07:21","startHours":5.708439687909391,"endHours":7.351383223617795,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:21","end":"09:00","startHours":7.351383223617795,"endHours":8.994326759326198,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:00","end":"10:38","startHours":8.994326759326198,"endHours":10.6372702950346,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:38","end":"12:17","startHours":10.6372702950346,"endHours":12.280213830743005,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:17","end":"13:55","startHours":12.280213830743005,"endHours":13.923157366451406,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:55","end":"15:34","startHours":13.923157366451406,"endHours":15.56610090215981,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:34","end":"17:13","startHours":15.56610090215981,"endHours":17.209044437868215,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:13","end":"18:51","startHours":17.209044437868215,"endHours":18.851987973576616,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:51","end":"20:13","startHours":18.851987973576616,"endHours":20.20904443786821,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:13","end":"21:34","startHours":20.20904443786821,"endHours":21.56610090215981,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:34","end":"22:55","startHours":21.56610090215981,"endHours":22.923157366451406,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:55","end":"00:17","startHours":22.923157366451406,"endHours":24.280213830743,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:17","end":"01:38","startHours":24.280213830743,"endHours":25.6372702950346,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:38","end":"03:00","startHours":25.6372702950346,"endHours":26.994326759326196,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:00","end":"04:21","startHours":26.994326759326196,"endHours":28.351383223617795,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:21","end":"05:43","startHours":28.351383223617795,"endHours":29.70843968790939,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:43","end":"06:43","startHours":5.708439687909391,"endHours":6.708439687909391,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:43","end":"07:43","startHours":6.708439687909391,"endHours":7.708439687909391,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:43","end":"08:43","startHours":7.708439687909391,"endHours":8.70843968790939,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:43","end":"09:43","startHours":8.70843968790939,"endHours":9.70843968790939,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:43","end":"10:43","startHours":9.70843968790939,"endHours":10.70843968790939,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:43","end":"11:43","startHours":10.70843968790939,"endHours":11.70843968790939,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:43","end":"12:43","startHours":11.70843968790939,"endHours":12.70843968790939,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:43","end":"13:43","startHours":12.70843968790939,"endHours":13.70843968790939,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:43","end":"14:43","startHours":13.70843968790939,"endHours":14.70843968790939,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:43","end":"15:43","startHours":14.70843968790939,"endHours":15.70843968790939,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:43","end":"16:43","startHours":15.70843968790939,"endHours":16.70843968790939,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:43","end":"17:43","startHours":16.70843968790939,"endHours":17.70843968790939,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:43","end":"18:43","startHours":17.70843968790939,"endHours":18.70843968790939,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:43","end":"19:43","startHours":18.70843968790939,"endHours":19.70843968790939,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:43","end":"20:43","startHours":19.70843968790939,"endHours":20.70843968790939,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:43","end":"21:43","startHours":20.70843968790939,"endHours":21.70843968790939,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:43","end":"22:43","startHours":21.70843968790939,"endHours":22.70843968790939,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:43","end":"23:43","startHours":22.70843968790939,"endHours":23.70843968790939,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:43","end":"00:43","startHours":23.70843968790939,"endHours":24.70843968790939,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:43","end":"01:43","startHours":24.70843968790939,"endHours":25.70843968790939,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:43","end":"02:43","startHours":25.70843968790939,"endHours":26.70843968790939,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:43","end":"03:43","startHours":26.70843968790939,"endHours":27.70843968790939,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:43","end":"04:43","startHours":27.70843968790939,"endHours":28.70843968790939,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:43","end":"05:43","startHours":28.70843968790939,"endHours":29.70843968790939,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Siddhi","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":14.255976596701432,"eotMinutes":2.4923701554198168,"ayanamsa":24.1928}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2081,"vikram_samvatsara":"Piṅgala","saka_samvat":1946,"saka_samvatsara":"Krodhi","bengali_samvat":1431,"malayalam_era":1200,"nanakshahi_year":555,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_amanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2081 Piṅgala · Śaka 1946 Krodhi"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"mathura"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 28, 2024 CE · Mathurā · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 28, 2024 CE for Mathurā: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 05:43, sūryāsta 18:51.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/2024-04-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/2024-04-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/2024-04-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/2024-04-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/2024-04-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-08-25T19:00:09.208Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-08-25T19:00:09.208Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-08-25T19:00:09.208Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}