{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:mathura:2016-12-20:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/2016-12-20","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2016-12-20","date_display":"December 20, 2016 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":12,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457742.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869277.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":244.1117,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":140.1651,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":256.0534,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.0534},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":140.1651,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.8318},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":24.2768},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":42,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2016,"month":12,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457742.770833,"ahargana":1869277.2708,"kali_year":5118,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.09,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":244.49190999999996,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":142.64441,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.2721},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":306.15581,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":260.8997099999999,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":175.10631,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":289.9151099999999,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":235.70390999999995,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":136.6946,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":316.6946,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":12,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457742.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869277.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":244.1117,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":140.1651,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":256.0534,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.0534},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":140.1651,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.8318},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":24.2768},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":42,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.272,"elongation":103.947},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.272,"opposition_distance":76.053}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"mathura","name":"Mathurā","lat":27.4924,"lon":77.6737,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"mathura","name":"Mathurā","lat":27.4924,"lon":77.6737,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"07:05","sunsetLocal":"17:30","solarNoonLocal":"12:17","dayLengthHours":10.402069329345402,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 24 Mins 07 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 35 Mins 53 Secs","moonriseLocal":"23:16","moonsetLocal":"11:44","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:53","end":"16:11","startHours":14.89140537362854,"endHours":16.191664039796713,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:41","end":"10:59","startHours":9.69037070895584,"endHours":10.990629375124014,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:17","end":"13:35","startHours":12.290888041292188,"endHours":13.591146707460364,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:31","end":"09:52","startHours":9.517002886800082,"endHours":9.863738531111595,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:31","end":"07:48","startHours":7.52327293200888,"endHours":7.800661447458091,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:57","end":"12:38","startHours":11.944152396980675,"endHours":12.637623685603701,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:42","end":"06:24","startHours":5.702910799373434,"endHours":6.396382087996462,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:13","end":"07:05","startHours":6.223014265840705,"endHours":7.089853376619488,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:01","end":"14:43","startHours":14.024566262849756,"endHours":14.718037551472783,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:18","end":"17:42","startHours":17.29192270596489,"endHours":17.69192270596489,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:30","end":"17:56","startHours":17.49192270596489,"endHours":17.92534226135428,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:15","end":"19:00","startHours":17.24192270596489,"endHours":18.99192270596489,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:57","end":"00:38","startHours":23.944152396980673,"endHours":24.637623685603703,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"07:05","end":"08:23","startHours":7.089853376619488,"endHours":8.390112042787663,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"08:23","end":"09:41","startHours":8.390112042787663,"endHours":9.69037070895584,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:41","end":"10:59","startHours":9.69037070895584,"endHours":10.990629375124014,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:59","end":"12:17","startHours":10.990629375124014,"endHours":12.290888041292188,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:17","end":"13:35","startHours":12.290888041292188,"endHours":13.591146707460364,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:35","end":"14:53","startHours":13.591146707460364,"endHours":14.89140537362854,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:53","end":"16:11","startHours":14.89140537362854,"endHours":16.191664039796713,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:11","end":"17:30","startHours":16.191664039796713,"endHours":17.49192270596489,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:30","end":"19:11","startHours":17.49192270596489,"endHours":19.191664039796713,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:11","end":"20:53","startHours":19.191664039796713,"endHours":20.891405373628537,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:53","end":"22:35","startHours":20.891405373628537,"endHours":22.591146707460364,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:35","end":"00:17","startHours":22.591146707460364,"endHours":24.290888041292188,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:17","end":"01:59","startHours":24.290888041292188,"endHours":25.990629375124012,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:59","end":"03:41","startHours":25.990629375124012,"endHours":27.69037070895584,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:41","end":"05:23","startHours":27.69037070895584,"endHours":29.390112042787663,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:23","end":"07:05","startHours":29.390112042787663,"endHours":31.089853376619487,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:05","end":"08:05","startHours":7.089853376619488,"endHours":8.089853376619487,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:05","end":"09:05","startHours":8.089853376619487,"endHours":9.089853376619487,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:05","end":"10:05","startHours":9.089853376619487,"endHours":10.089853376619487,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:05","end":"11:05","startHours":10.089853376619487,"endHours":11.089853376619487,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:05","end":"12:05","startHours":11.089853376619487,"endHours":12.089853376619487,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:05","end":"13:05","startHours":12.089853376619487,"endHours":13.089853376619487,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:05","end":"14:05","startHours":13.089853376619487,"endHours":14.089853376619487,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:05","end":"15:05","startHours":14.089853376619487,"endHours":15.089853376619487,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:05","end":"16:05","startHours":15.089853376619487,"endHours":16.089853376619487,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:05","end":"17:05","startHours":16.089853376619487,"endHours":17.089853376619487,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:05","end":"18:05","startHours":17.089853376619487,"endHours":18.089853376619487,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:05","end":"19:05","startHours":18.089853376619487,"endHours":19.089853376619487,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:05","end":"20:05","startHours":19.089853376619487,"endHours":20.089853376619487,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:05","end":"21:05","startHours":20.089853376619487,"endHours":21.089853376619487,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:05","end":"22:05","startHours":21.089853376619487,"endHours":22.089853376619487,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:05","end":"23:05","startHours":22.089853376619487,"endHours":23.089853376619487,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:05","end":"00:05","startHours":23.089853376619487,"endHours":24.089853376619487,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:05","end":"01:05","startHours":24.089853376619487,"endHours":25.089853376619487,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:05","end":"02:05","startHours":25.089853376619487,"endHours":26.089853376619487,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:05","end":"03:05","startHours":26.089853376619487,"endHours":27.089853376619487,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:05","end":"04:05","startHours":27.089853376619487,"endHours":28.089853376619487,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:05","end":"05:05","startHours":28.089853376619487,"endHours":29.089853376619487,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:05","end":"06:05","startHours":29.089853376619487,"endHours":30.089853376619487,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:05","end":"07:05","startHours":30.089853376619487,"endHours":31.089853376619487,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Siddhi","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.42889315479419,"eotMinutes":1.851917522468745,"ayanamsa":24.09}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2073,"vikram_samvatsara":"Saumya","saka_samvat":1938,"saka_samvatsara":"Durmukhi","bengali_samvat":1423,"malayalam_era":1192,"nanakshahi_year":547,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Saptamī · Vikram 2073 Saumya · Śaka 1938 Durmukhi"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"mathura"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 20, 2016 CE · Mathurā · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 20, 2016 CE for Mathurā: Kṛṣṇa Saptamī, sūryodaya 07:05, sūryāsta 17:30.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/2016-12-20","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/2016-12-20","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/2016-12-20","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/2016-12-20","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/2016-12-20"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T16:31:39.742Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T16:31:39.742Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T16:31:39.742Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}