{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:mathura:2013-01-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/2013-01-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2013-01-16","date_display":"January 16, 2013 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2013,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456308.770833,"kali_year":5114,"ahargana":1867843.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":271.8953,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":326.3303,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":54.4349,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.4349},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":326.3303,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.3303},"yoga":{"number":18,"name":"Varīyān","sum_longitude":238.2256},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":9,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2013,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456308.770833,"ahargana":1867843.2708,"kali_year":5114,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0352,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":272.029399,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":327.697899,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.1212},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":292.36079900000004,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":270.4103990000001,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":42.237499000000014,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":254.41019900000003,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":196.25309900000002,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":212.6748,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":32.6748,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2013,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456308.770833,"kali_year":5114,"ahargana":1867843.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":271.8953,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":326.3303,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":54.4349,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.4349},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":326.3303,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.3303},"yoga":{"number":18,"name":"Varīyān","sum_longitude":238.2256},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":9,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.121,"elongation":54.435},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.121,"opposition_distance":125.565}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"mathura","name":"Mathurā","lat":27.4924,"lon":77.6737,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"mathura","name":"Mathurā","lat":27.4924,"lon":77.6737,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"07:11","sunsetLocal":"17:47","solarNoonLocal":"12:29","dayLengthHours":10.605545928229795,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 36 Mins 20 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 23 Mins 40 Secs","moonriseLocal":"10:16","moonsetLocal":"22:07","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:29","end":"13:49","startHours":12.48330169236296,"endHours":13.808994933391684,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:30","end":"09:50","startHours":8.506221969276787,"endHours":9.83191521030551,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:09","end":"12:29","startHours":11.157608451334236,"endHours":12.48330169236296,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:39","end":"10:01","startHours":9.655156111501682,"endHours":10.008674309109342,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:37","end":"07:54","startHours":7.622426475257638,"endHours":7.905241033343765,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:08","end":"12:50","startHours":12.129783494755301,"endHours":12.83681988997062,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:46","end":"06:28","startHours":5.766455937817423,"endHours":6.473492333032743,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:18","end":"07:11","startHours":6.296733234228913,"endHours":7.1805287282480625,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:15","end":"14:57","startHours":14.25089268040126,"endHours":14.95792907561658,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:35","end":"17:59","startHours":17.58607465647786,"endHours":17.986074656477857,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:47","end":"18:14","startHours":17.786074656477858,"endHours":18.22797240348743,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:32","end":"19:17","startHours":17.536074656477858,"endHours":19.286074656477858,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:08","end":"00:50","startHours":24.1297834947553,"endHours":24.83681988997062,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"07:11","end":"08:30","startHours":7.1805287282480625,"endHours":8.506221969276787,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:30","end":"09:50","startHours":8.506221969276787,"endHours":9.83191521030551,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:50","end":"11:09","startHours":9.83191521030551,"endHours":11.157608451334236,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:09","end":"12:29","startHours":11.157608451334236,"endHours":12.48330169236296,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:29","end":"13:49","startHours":12.48330169236296,"endHours":13.808994933391684,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:49","end":"15:08","startHours":13.808994933391684,"endHours":15.134688174420408,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:08","end":"16:28","startHours":15.134688174420408,"endHours":16.460381415449135,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:28","end":"17:47","startHours":16.460381415449135,"endHours":17.786074656477858,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:47","end":"19:28","startHours":17.786074656477858,"endHours":19.460381415449135,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:28","end":"21:08","startHours":19.460381415449135,"endHours":21.13468817442041,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:08","end":"22:49","startHours":21.13468817442041,"endHours":22.808994933391684,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:49","end":"00:29","startHours":22.808994933391684,"endHours":24.48330169236296,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:29","end":"02:09","startHours":24.48330169236296,"endHours":26.157608451334237,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:09","end":"03:50","startHours":26.157608451334237,"endHours":27.83191521030551,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:50","end":"05:30","startHours":27.83191521030551,"endHours":29.506221969276787,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:30","end":"07:11","startHours":29.506221969276787,"endHours":31.180528728248063,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:11","end":"08:11","startHours":7.1805287282480625,"endHours":8.180528728248063,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:11","end":"09:11","startHours":8.180528728248063,"endHours":9.180528728248063,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:11","end":"10:11","startHours":9.180528728248063,"endHours":10.180528728248063,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:11","end":"11:11","startHours":10.180528728248063,"endHours":11.180528728248063,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:11","end":"12:11","startHours":11.180528728248063,"endHours":12.180528728248063,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:11","end":"13:11","startHours":12.180528728248063,"endHours":13.180528728248063,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:11","end":"14:11","startHours":13.180528728248063,"endHours":14.180528728248063,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:11","end":"15:11","startHours":14.180528728248063,"endHours":15.180528728248063,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:11","end":"16:11","startHours":15.180528728248063,"endHours":16.180528728248063,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:11","end":"17:11","startHours":16.180528728248063,"endHours":17.180528728248063,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:11","end":"18:11","startHours":17.180528728248063,"endHours":18.180528728248063,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:11","end":"19:11","startHours":18.180528728248063,"endHours":19.180528728248063,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:11","end":"20:11","startHours":19.180528728248063,"endHours":20.180528728248063,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:11","end":"21:11","startHours":20.180528728248063,"endHours":21.180528728248063,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:11","end":"22:11","startHours":21.180528728248063,"endHours":22.180528728248063,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:11","end":"23:11","startHours":22.180528728248063,"endHours":23.180528728248063,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:11","end":"00:11","startHours":23.180528728248063,"endHours":24.180528728248063,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:11","end":"01:11","startHours":24.180528728248063,"endHours":25.180528728248063,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:11","end":"02:11","startHours":25.180528728248063,"endHours":26.180528728248063,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:11","end":"03:11","startHours":26.180528728248063,"endHours":27.180528728248063,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:11","end":"04:11","startHours":27.180528728248063,"endHours":28.180528728248063,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:11","end":"05:11","startHours":28.180528728248063,"endHours":29.180528728248063,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:11","end":"06:11","startHours":29.180528728248063,"endHours":30.180528728248063,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:11","end":"07:11","startHours":30.180528728248063,"endHours":31.180528728248063,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Vajra","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-20.933414635536298,"eotMinutes":-9.692901541777706,"ayanamsa":24.0352}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2070,"vikram_samvatsara":"Parābhava","saka_samvat":1935,"saka_samvatsara":"Vijaya","bengali_samvat":1420,"malayalam_era":1189,"nanakshahi_year":544,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Śukla Pañcamī · Vikram 2070 Parābhava · Śaka 1935 Vijaya"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"sarasvati-jayanti","name":"Sarasvatī Jayantī (Vasanta Pañchamī)","name_sanskrit":"सरस्वती जयन्ती / वसन्त पञ्चमी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sarasvatī (Vāk-tattva)","significance":"Manifestation of Devī Sarasvatī; vidyā-ārambha day; vasanta-ṛtu begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":5,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Māgha"},"precedence":2,"sources":["Skanda Purāṇa","Devī Bhāgavata"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"mathura"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 16, 2013 CE · Mathurā · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 16, 2013 CE for Mathurā: Śukla Pañcamī, sūryodaya 07:11, sūryāsta 17:47.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/2013-01-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/2013-01-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/2013-01-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/2013-01-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/2013-01-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T14:37:44.040Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T14:37:44.040Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T14:37:44.040Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}