{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:mathura:2001-04-21:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/2001-04-21","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2001-04-21","date_display":"April 21, 2001 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":4,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452020.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863555.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":7.2455,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":335.5966,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":28,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":328.3511,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.3511},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":335.5966,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.2633},"yoga":{"number":26,"name":"Indra","sum_longitude":342.8421},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":54,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2001,"month":4,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452020.770833,"ahargana":1863555.2708,"kali_year":5103,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8712,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":7.141832000000022,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":336.519432,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.3607},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":242.72103200000004,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":4.307331999999974,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":47.500832,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":337.612232,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":36.088232000000005,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":79.8737,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":259.8737,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":4,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452020.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863555.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":7.2455,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":335.5966,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":28,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":328.3511,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.3511},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":335.5966,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.2633},"yoga":{"number":26,"name":"Indra","sum_longitude":342.8421},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":54,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.361,"elongation":31.649},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.361,"opposition_distance":148.351}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"mathura","name":"Mathurā","lat":27.4924,"lon":77.6737,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"mathura","name":"Mathurā","lat":27.4924,"lon":77.6737,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"05:49","sunsetLocal":"18:47","solarNoonLocal":"12:18","dayLengthHours":12.962817029784482,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 57 Mins 46 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 02 Mins 14 Secs","moonriseLocal":"04:13","moonsetLocal":"16:19","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:04","end":"10:41","startHours":9.061260261867844,"endHours":10.681612390590903,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:55","end":"15:33","startHours":13.922316648037022,"endHours":15.542668776760085,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"05:49","end":"07:26","startHours":5.820556004421722,"endHours":7.440908133144783,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:51","end":"09:17","startHours":8.845213311371435,"endHours":9.277307212364251,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:22","end":"06:42","startHours":6.3606733806627425,"endHours":6.706348501456995,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:52","end":"12:44","startHours":11.869870618321146,"endHours":12.734058420306779,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:06","end":"04:57","startHours":4.092180400450458,"endHours":4.95636820243609,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:44","end":"05:49","startHours":4.740321251939682,"endHours":5.820556004421722,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:28","end":"15:20","startHours":14.462434024278043,"endHours":15.326621826263676,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:35","end":"18:59","startHours":18.583373034206204,"endHours":18.983373034206203,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:47","end":"19:19","startHours":18.783373034206203,"endHours":19.323490410447224,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:32","end":"20:17","startHours":18.533373034206203,"endHours":20.283373034206203,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:52","end":"00:44","startHours":23.869870618321148,"endHours":24.734058420306777,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:49","end":"07:26","startHours":5.820556004421722,"endHours":7.440908133144783,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:26","end":"09:04","startHours":7.440908133144783,"endHours":9.061260261867844,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:04","end":"10:41","startHours":9.061260261867844,"endHours":10.681612390590903,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:41","end":"12:18","startHours":10.681612390590903,"endHours":12.301964519313962,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:18","end":"13:55","startHours":12.301964519313962,"endHours":13.922316648037022,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:55","end":"15:33","startHours":13.922316648037022,"endHours":15.542668776760085,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:33","end":"17:10","startHours":15.542668776760085,"endHours":17.163020905483144,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:10","end":"18:47","startHours":17.163020905483144,"endHours":18.783373034206203,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:47","end":"20:10","startHours":18.783373034206203,"endHours":20.163020905483144,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:10","end":"21:33","startHours":20.163020905483144,"endHours":21.54266877676008,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:33","end":"22:55","startHours":21.54266877676008,"endHours":22.92231664803702,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:55","end":"00:18","startHours":22.92231664803702,"endHours":24.301964519313962,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:18","end":"01:41","startHours":24.301964519313962,"endHours":25.681612390590903,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:41","end":"03:04","startHours":25.681612390590903,"endHours":27.061260261867844,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:04","end":"04:26","startHours":27.061260261867844,"endHours":28.44090813314478,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:26","end":"05:49","startHours":28.44090813314478,"endHours":29.82055600442172,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:49","end":"06:49","startHours":5.820556004421722,"endHours":6.820556004421722,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:49","end":"07:49","startHours":6.820556004421722,"endHours":7.820556004421722,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:49","end":"08:49","startHours":7.820556004421722,"endHours":8.820556004421721,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:49","end":"09:49","startHours":8.820556004421721,"endHours":9.820556004421721,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:49","end":"10:49","startHours":9.820556004421721,"endHours":10.820556004421721,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:49","end":"11:49","startHours":10.820556004421721,"endHours":11.820556004421721,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:49","end":"12:49","startHours":11.820556004421721,"endHours":12.820556004421721,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:49","end":"13:49","startHours":12.820556004421721,"endHours":13.820556004421721,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:49","end":"14:49","startHours":13.820556004421721,"endHours":14.820556004421721,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:49","end":"15:49","startHours":14.820556004421721,"endHours":15.820556004421721,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:49","end":"16:49","startHours":15.820556004421721,"endHours":16.82055600442172,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:49","end":"17:49","startHours":16.82055600442172,"endHours":17.82055600442172,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:49","end":"18:49","startHours":17.82055600442172,"endHours":18.82055600442172,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:49","end":"19:49","startHours":18.82055600442172,"endHours":19.82055600442172,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:49","end":"20:49","startHours":19.82055600442172,"endHours":20.82055600442172,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:49","end":"21:49","startHours":20.82055600442172,"endHours":21.82055600442172,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:49","end":"22:49","startHours":21.82055600442172,"endHours":22.82055600442172,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:49","end":"23:49","startHours":22.82055600442172,"endHours":23.82055600442172,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:49","end":"00:49","startHours":23.82055600442172,"endHours":24.82055600442172,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:49","end":"01:49","startHours":24.82055600442172,"endHours":25.82055600442172,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:49","end":"02:49","startHours":25.82055600442172,"endHours":26.82055600442172,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:49","end":"03:49","startHours":26.82055600442172,"endHours":27.82055600442172,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:49","end":"04:49","startHours":27.82055600442172,"endHours":28.82055600442172,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:49","end":"05:49","startHours":28.82055600442172,"endHours":29.82055600442172,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mausala","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":11.825102759913651,"eotMinutes":1.1873288411622274,"ayanamsa":23.8712}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2058,"vikram_samvatsara":"Jaya","saka_samvat":1923,"saka_samvatsara":"Vṛṣa","bengali_samvat":1408,"malayalam_era":1177,"nanakshahi_year":532,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī · Vikram 2058 Jaya · Śaka 1923 Vṛṣa"},"festivals":[{"id":"mesha-sankranti","name":"Meṣa Saṅkrānti (Vaiśākhī / Vishu / Pohelā Boishākh / Bihu)","name_sanskrit":"मेष सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aries; solar new year. Regional: Vaiśākhī (Punjab) · Vishu (Kerala) · Pohelā Boishākh (Bengal) · Bihu (Assam) · Tamil Puthāṇḍu.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":1},{"id":"baisakhi","name":"Baisakhi (Vaiśākhī)","name_sanskrit":"वैशाखी","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya + Khalsa Pantha (Sikh)","significance":"Punjab New Year + Sikh Khalsa founding day.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":2},{"id":"pradosha-vrata","name":"Pradoṣa Vrata","name_sanskrit":"प्रदोष व्रत","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Twilight worship of Śiva on Trayodaśī.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":13},{"tithi_number":28}]},"precedence":7}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"mathura"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 21, 2001 CE · Mathurā · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 21, 2001 CE for Mathurā: Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī, sūryodaya 05:49, sūryāsta 18:47.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/2001-04-21","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/2001-04-21","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/2001-04-21","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/2001-04-21","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/2001-04-21"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T17:08:15.708Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T17:08:15.708Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T17:08:15.708Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}