{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:mathura:1998-12-20:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1998-12-20","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1998-12-20","date_display":"December 20, 1998 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":12,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451167.770833,"kali_year":5100,"ahargana":1862702.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":243.76,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":256.6343,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":12.8743,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.8743},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":256.6343,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.301},"yoga":{"number":11,"name":"Vṛddhi","sum_longitude":140.3944},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":2,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1998,"month":12,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451167.770833,"ahargana":1862702.2708,"kali_year":5100,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8386,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":244.10102299999994,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":256.65762300000006,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.3654},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":168.45302300000003,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":222.44192299999997,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":326.51452300000005,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":256.582223,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":2.9506230000000073,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":125.0697,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":305.0697,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":12,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451167.770833,"kali_year":5100,"ahargana":1862702.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":243.76,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":256.6343,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":12.8743,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.8743},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":256.6343,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.301},"yoga":{"number":11,"name":"Vṛddhi","sum_longitude":140.3944},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":2,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.365,"elongation":12.874},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.365,"opposition_distance":167.126}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"mathura","name":"Mathurā","lat":27.4924,"lon":77.6737,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"mathura","name":"Mathurā","lat":27.4924,"lon":77.6737,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"07:05","sunsetLocal":"17:30","solarNoonLocal":"12:17","dayLengthHours":10.402772270767386,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 24 Mins 10 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 35 Mins 50 Secs","moonriseLocal":"07:56","moonsetLocal":"18:20","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:12","end":"17:30","startHours":16.191927642829956,"endHours":17.49227417667588,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:17","end":"13:35","startHours":12.290888041292188,"endHours":13.59123457513811,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"14:53","end":"16:12","startHours":14.891581108984035,"endHours":16.191927642829956,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:31","end":"09:52","startHours":9.516815435754218,"endHours":9.863574511446464,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:31","end":"07:48","startHours":7.522950750523802,"endHours":7.8003580110775985,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:57","end":"12:38","startHours":11.944128965599942,"endHours":12.637647116984434,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:42","end":"06:24","startHours":5.70246560313951,"endHours":6.395983754524002,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:13","end":"07:05","startHours":6.222604216677879,"endHours":7.089501905908494,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:01","end":"14:43","startHours":14.02468341975342,"endHours":14.71820157113791,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:18","end":"17:42","startHours":17.292274176675882,"endHours":17.69227417667588,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:30","end":"17:56","startHours":17.49227417667588,"endHours":17.92572302129119,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:15","end":"19:00","startHours":17.24227417667588,"endHours":18.99227417667588,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:57","end":"00:38","startHours":23.94412896559994,"endHours":24.637647116984436,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:05","end":"08:23","startHours":7.089501905908494,"endHours":8.389848439754417,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:23","end":"09:41","startHours":8.389848439754417,"endHours":9.690194973600342,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:41","end":"10:59","startHours":9.690194973600342,"endHours":10.990541507446263,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:59","end":"12:17","startHours":10.990541507446263,"endHours":12.290888041292188,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:17","end":"13:35","startHours":12.290888041292188,"endHours":13.59123457513811,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:35","end":"14:53","startHours":13.59123457513811,"endHours":14.891581108984035,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"14:53","end":"16:12","startHours":14.891581108984035,"endHours":16.191927642829956,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:12","end":"17:30","startHours":16.191927642829956,"endHours":17.49227417667588,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:30","end":"19:12","startHours":17.49227417667588,"endHours":19.19192764282996,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:12","end":"20:53","startHours":19.19192764282996,"endHours":20.891581108984035,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:53","end":"22:35","startHours":20.891581108984035,"endHours":22.59123457513811,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:35","end":"00:17","startHours":22.59123457513811,"endHours":24.290888041292188,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:17","end":"01:59","startHours":24.290888041292188,"endHours":25.990541507446267,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:59","end":"03:41","startHours":25.990541507446267,"endHours":27.69019497360034,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:41","end":"05:23","startHours":27.69019497360034,"endHours":29.389848439754417,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:23","end":"07:05","startHours":29.389848439754417,"endHours":31.089501905908495,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:05","end":"08:05","startHours":7.089501905908494,"endHours":8.089501905908495,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:05","end":"09:05","startHours":8.089501905908495,"endHours":9.089501905908495,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:05","end":"10:05","startHours":9.089501905908495,"endHours":10.089501905908495,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:05","end":"11:05","startHours":10.089501905908495,"endHours":11.089501905908495,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:05","end":"12:05","startHours":11.089501905908495,"endHours":12.089501905908495,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:05","end":"13:05","startHours":12.089501905908495,"endHours":13.089501905908495,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:05","end":"14:05","startHours":13.089501905908495,"endHours":14.089501905908495,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:05","end":"15:05","startHours":14.089501905908495,"endHours":15.089501905908495,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:05","end":"16:05","startHours":15.089501905908495,"endHours":16.089501905908495,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:05","end":"17:05","startHours":16.089501905908495,"endHours":17.089501905908495,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:05","end":"18:05","startHours":17.089501905908495,"endHours":18.089501905908495,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:05","end":"19:05","startHours":18.089501905908495,"endHours":19.089501905908495,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:05","end":"20:05","startHours":19.089501905908495,"endHours":20.089501905908495,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:05","end":"21:05","startHours":20.089501905908495,"endHours":21.089501905908495,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:05","end":"22:05","startHours":21.089501905908495,"endHours":22.089501905908495,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:05","end":"23:05","startHours":22.089501905908495,"endHours":23.089501905908495,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:05","end":"00:05","startHours":23.089501905908495,"endHours":24.089501905908495,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:05","end":"01:05","startHours":24.089501905908495,"endHours":25.089501905908495,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:05","end":"02:05","startHours":25.089501905908495,"endHours":26.089501905908495,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:05","end":"03:05","startHours":26.089501905908495,"endHours":27.089501905908495,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:05","end":"04:05","startHours":27.089501905908495,"endHours":28.089501905908495,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:05","end":"05:05","startHours":28.089501905908495,"endHours":29.089501905908495,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:05","end":"06:05","startHours":29.089501905908495,"endHours":30.089501905908495,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:05","end":"07:05","startHours":30.089501905908495,"endHours":31.089501905908495,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Śubha","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.420443463604986,"eotMinutes":1.851917522468745,"ayanamsa":23.8386}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2055,"vikram_samvatsara":"Khara","saka_samvat":1920,"saka_samvatsara":"Bahudhānya","bengali_samvat":1405,"malayalam_era":1174,"nanakshahi_year":529,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Dvitīyā · Vikram 2055 Khara · Śaka 1920 Bahudhānya"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"mathura"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 20, 1998 CE · Mathurā · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 20, 1998 CE for Mathurā: Śukla Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 07:05, sūryāsta 17:30.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1998-12-20","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1998-12-20","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1998-12-20","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1998-12-20","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1998-12-20"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T13:43:50.965Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T13:43:50.965Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T13:43:50.965Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}