{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:mathura:1998-04-23:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1998-04-23","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1998-04-23","date_display":"April 23, 1998 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":4,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450926.770833,"kali_year":5100,"ahargana":1862461.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":8.9705,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":323.1719,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":27,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":314.2014,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.2014},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":323.1719,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.1719},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":332.1424},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":52,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1998,"month":4,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450926.770833,"ahargana":1862461.2708,"kali_year":5100,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8294,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":8.867231000000004,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":320.484331,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.4178},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":13.65113100000002,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":346.345531,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":324.110631,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":324.227031,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":0.713530999999989,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":137.8391,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":317.8391,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":4,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450926.770833,"kali_year":5100,"ahargana":1862461.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":8.9705,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":323.1719,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":27,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":314.2014,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.2014},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":323.1719,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.1719},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":332.1424},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":52,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.418,"elongation":45.799},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.418,"opposition_distance":134.201}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"mathura","name":"Mathurā","lat":27.4924,"lon":77.6737,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"mathura","name":"Mathurā","lat":27.4924,"lon":77.6737,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"05:48","sunsetLocal":"18:48","solarNoonLocal":"12:18","dayLengthHours":13.005674593446592,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 00 Mins 20 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 59 Mins 40 Secs","moonriseLocal":"03:14","moonsetLocal":"14:54","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"13:55","end":"15:33","startHours":13.920752845103916,"endHours":15.546462169284737,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"05:48","end":"07:25","startHours":5.792206224199794,"endHours":7.417915548380618,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:03","end":"10:40","startHours":9.043624872561441,"endHours":10.669334196742266,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:50","end":"09:16","startHours":8.826863629337332,"endHours":9.260386115785552,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:20","end":"06:41","startHours":6.334109332260069,"endHours":6.680927321418645,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:52","end":"12:44","startHours":11.86152103447487,"endHours":12.728566007371311,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:03","end":"04:56","startHours":4.058116278406915,"endHours":4.925161251303354,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:43","end":"05:48","startHours":4.708400008079245,"endHours":5.792206224199794,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:28","end":"15:20","startHours":14.462655953164187,"endHours":15.329700926060626,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:36","end":"19:00","startHours":18.597880817646388,"endHours":18.997880817646386,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:48","end":"19:20","startHours":18.797880817646387,"endHours":19.339783925706662,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:33","end":"20:18","startHours":18.547880817646387,"endHours":20.297880817646387,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:52","end":"00:44","startHours":23.861521034474872,"endHours":24.72856600737131,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:48","end":"07:25","startHours":5.792206224199794,"endHours":7.417915548380618,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"07:25","end":"09:03","startHours":7.417915548380618,"endHours":9.043624872561441,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:03","end":"10:40","startHours":9.043624872561441,"endHours":10.669334196742266,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:40","end":"12:18","startHours":10.669334196742266,"endHours":12.295043520923091,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:18","end":"13:55","startHours":12.295043520923091,"endHours":13.920752845103916,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"13:55","end":"15:33","startHours":13.920752845103916,"endHours":15.546462169284737,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:33","end":"17:10","startHours":15.546462169284737,"endHours":17.172171493465562,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:10","end":"18:48","startHours":17.172171493465562,"endHours":18.797880817646387,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"18:48","end":"20:10","startHours":18.797880817646387,"endHours":20.172171493465562,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"20:10","end":"21:33","startHours":20.172171493465562,"endHours":21.546462169284737,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:33","end":"22:55","startHours":21.546462169284737,"endHours":22.920752845103916,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:55","end":"00:18","startHours":22.920752845103916,"endHours":24.29504352092309,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:18","end":"01:40","startHours":24.29504352092309,"endHours":25.669334196742266,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"01:40","end":"03:03","startHours":25.669334196742266,"endHours":27.043624872561445,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:03","end":"04:25","startHours":27.043624872561445,"endHours":28.41791554838062,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"04:25","end":"05:48","startHours":28.41791554838062,"endHours":29.792206224199795,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:48","end":"06:48","startHours":5.792206224199794,"endHours":6.792206224199794,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:48","end":"07:48","startHours":6.792206224199794,"endHours":7.792206224199794,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:48","end":"08:48","startHours":7.792206224199794,"endHours":8.792206224199795,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:48","end":"09:48","startHours":8.792206224199795,"endHours":9.792206224199795,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:48","end":"10:48","startHours":9.792206224199795,"endHours":10.792206224199795,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:48","end":"11:48","startHours":10.792206224199795,"endHours":11.792206224199795,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:48","end":"12:48","startHours":11.792206224199795,"endHours":12.792206224199795,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:48","end":"13:48","startHours":12.792206224199795,"endHours":13.792206224199795,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:48","end":"14:48","startHours":13.792206224199795,"endHours":14.792206224199795,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:48","end":"15:48","startHours":14.792206224199795,"endHours":15.792206224199795,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:48","end":"16:48","startHours":15.792206224199795,"endHours":16.792206224199795,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:48","end":"17:48","startHours":16.792206224199795,"endHours":17.792206224199795,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:48","end":"18:48","startHours":17.792206224199795,"endHours":18.792206224199795,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:48","end":"19:48","startHours":18.792206224199795,"endHours":19.792206224199795,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:48","end":"20:48","startHours":19.792206224199795,"endHours":20.792206224199795,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:48","end":"21:48","startHours":20.792206224199795,"endHours":21.792206224199795,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:48","end":"22:48","startHours":21.792206224199795,"endHours":22.792206224199795,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:48","end":"23:48","startHours":22.792206224199795,"endHours":23.792206224199795,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:48","end":"00:48","startHours":23.792206224199795,"endHours":24.792206224199795,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:48","end":"01:48","startHours":24.792206224199795,"endHours":25.792206224199795,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:48","end":"02:48","startHours":25.792206224199795,"endHours":26.792206224199795,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:48","end":"03:48","startHours":26.792206224199795,"endHours":27.792206224199795,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:48","end":"04:48","startHours":27.792206224199795,"endHours":28.792206224199795,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:48","end":"05:48","startHours":28.792206224199795,"endHours":29.792206224199795,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mānasa","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":12.40681128015381,"eotMinutes":1.6025887446145586,"ayanamsa":23.8294}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2055,"vikram_samvatsara":"Khara","saka_samvat":1920,"saka_samvatsara":"Bahudhānya","bengali_samvat":1405,"malayalam_era":1174,"nanakshahi_year":529,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī · Vikram 2055 Khara · Śaka 1920 Bahudhānya"},"festivals":[{"id":"mesha-sankranti","name":"Meṣa Saṅkrānti (Vaiśākhī / Vishu / Pohelā Boishākh / Bihu)","name_sanskrit":"मेष सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aries; solar new year. Regional: Vaiśākhī (Punjab) · Vishu (Kerala) · Pohelā Boishākh (Bengal) · Bihu (Assam) · Tamil Puthāṇḍu.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":1},{"id":"baisakhi","name":"Baisakhi (Vaiśākhī)","name_sanskrit":"वैशाखी","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya + Khalsa Pantha (Sikh)","significance":"Punjab New Year + Sikh Khalsa founding day.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"mathura"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 23, 1998 CE · Mathurā · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 23, 1998 CE for Mathurā: Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī, sūryodaya 05:48, sūryāsta 18:48.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1998-04-23","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1998-04-23","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1998-04-23","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1998-04-23","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1998-04-23"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T13:45:38.278Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T13:45:38.278Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T13:45:38.278Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}