{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:mathura:1997-04-27:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1997-04-27","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-04-27","date_display":"April 27, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":4,"day":27,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450565.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862100.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":13.0984,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":244.7318,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":231.6334,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.6334},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2,"moon_longitude":244.7318,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.7318},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":257.8302},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":4,"day":27,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450565.770833,"ahargana":1862100.2708,"kali_year":5099,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8155,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":13.012023999999997,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":243.57932400000004,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.4966},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":142.92152399999998,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":10.575824000000011,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":295.24682400000006,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":19.383023999999978,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":349.770624,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":156.9666,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":336.9666,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":4,"day":27,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450565.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862100.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":13.0984,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":244.7318,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":231.6334,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.6334},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2,"moon_longitude":244.7318,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.7318},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":257.8302},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.497,"elongation":128.367},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.497,"opposition_distance":51.633}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"mathura","name":"Mathurā","lat":27.4924,"lon":77.6737,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"mathura","name":"Mathurā","lat":27.4924,"lon":77.6737,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"05:44","sunsetLocal":"18:50","solarNoonLocal":"12:17","dayLengthHours":13.108734561831966,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 06 Mins 31 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 53 Mins 29 Secs","moonriseLocal":"22:28","moonsetLocal":"08:50","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:12","end":"18:50","startHours":17.198660979860183,"endHours":18.83725280008918,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:17","end":"13:55","startHours":12.282885519173195,"endHours":13.921477339402191,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:34","end":"17:12","startHours":15.560069159631187,"endHours":17.198660979860183,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:47","end":"09:13","startHours":8.787222969351337,"endHours":9.22418078807907,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:16","end":"06:37","startHours":6.2747155116668765,"endHours":6.624281766649062,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:51","end":"12:43","startHours":11.845927700445463,"endHours":12.719843337900928,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:59","end":"04:51","startHours":3.9806869633462827,"endHours":4.854602600801747,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:38","end":"05:44","startHours":4.636123691437881,"endHours":5.7285182382572115,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:28","end":"15:20","startHours":14.467674612811855,"endHours":15.34159025026732,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:38","end":"19:02","startHours":18.63725280008918,"endHours":19.037252800089178,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:50","end":"19:23","startHours":18.83725280008918,"endHours":19.383450073498842,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:35","end":"20:20","startHours":18.58725280008918,"endHours":20.33725280008918,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:51","end":"00:43","startHours":23.845927700445465,"endHours":24.719843337900926,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:44","end":"07:22","startHours":5.7285182382572115,"endHours":7.367110058486207,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:22","end":"09:00","startHours":7.367110058486207,"endHours":9.005701878715204,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:00","end":"10:39","startHours":9.005701878715204,"endHours":10.6442936989442,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:39","end":"12:17","startHours":10.6442936989442,"endHours":12.282885519173195,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:17","end":"13:55","startHours":12.282885519173195,"endHours":13.921477339402191,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:55","end":"15:34","startHours":13.921477339402191,"endHours":15.560069159631187,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:34","end":"17:12","startHours":15.560069159631187,"endHours":17.198660979860183,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:12","end":"18:50","startHours":17.198660979860183,"endHours":18.83725280008918,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:50","end":"20:12","startHours":18.83725280008918,"endHours":20.198660979860183,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:12","end":"21:34","startHours":20.198660979860183,"endHours":21.560069159631187,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:34","end":"22:55","startHours":21.560069159631187,"endHours":22.92147733940219,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:55","end":"00:17","startHours":22.92147733940219,"endHours":24.282885519173195,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:17","end":"01:39","startHours":24.282885519173195,"endHours":25.6442936989442,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:39","end":"03:00","startHours":25.6442936989442,"endHours":27.005701878715204,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:00","end":"04:22","startHours":27.005701878715204,"endHours":28.367110058486208,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:22","end":"05:44","startHours":28.367110058486208,"endHours":29.728518238257212,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:44","end":"06:44","startHours":5.7285182382572115,"endHours":6.7285182382572115,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:44","end":"07:44","startHours":6.7285182382572115,"endHours":7.7285182382572115,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:44","end":"08:44","startHours":7.7285182382572115,"endHours":8.728518238257212,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:44","end":"09:44","startHours":8.728518238257212,"endHours":9.728518238257212,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:44","end":"10:44","startHours":9.728518238257212,"endHours":10.728518238257212,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:44","end":"11:44","startHours":10.728518238257212,"endHours":11.728518238257212,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:44","end":"12:44","startHours":11.728518238257212,"endHours":12.728518238257212,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:44","end":"13:44","startHours":12.728518238257212,"endHours":13.728518238257212,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:44","end":"14:44","startHours":13.728518238257212,"endHours":14.728518238257212,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:44","end":"15:44","startHours":14.728518238257212,"endHours":15.728518238257212,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:44","end":"16:44","startHours":15.728518238257212,"endHours":16.728518238257212,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:44","end":"17:44","startHours":16.728518238257212,"endHours":17.728518238257212,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:44","end":"18:44","startHours":17.728518238257212,"endHours":18.728518238257212,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:44","end":"19:44","startHours":18.728518238257212,"endHours":19.728518238257212,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:44","end":"20:44","startHours":19.728518238257212,"endHours":20.728518238257212,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:44","end":"21:44","startHours":20.728518238257212,"endHours":21.728518238257212,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:44","end":"22:44","startHours":21.728518238257212,"endHours":22.728518238257212,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:44","end":"23:44","startHours":22.728518238257212,"endHours":23.728518238257212,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:44","end":"00:44","startHours":23.728518238257212,"endHours":24.728518238257212,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:44","end":"01:44","startHours":24.728518238257212,"endHours":25.728518238257212,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:44","end":"02:44","startHours":25.728518238257212,"endHours":26.728518238257212,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:44","end":"03:44","startHours":26.728518238257212,"endHours":27.728518238257212,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:44","end":"04:44","startHours":27.728518238257212,"endHours":28.728518238257212,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:44","end":"05:44","startHours":28.728518238257212,"endHours":29.728518238257212,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Siddhi","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":13.792367823613246,"eotMinutes":2.332068849608316,"ayanamsa":23.8155}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[{"id":"mesha-sankranti","name":"Meṣa Saṅkrānti (Vaiśākhī / Vishu / Pohelā Boishākh / Bihu)","name_sanskrit":"मेष सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aries; solar new year. Regional: Vaiśākhī (Punjab) · Vishu (Kerala) · Pohelā Boishākh (Bengal) · Bihu (Assam) · Tamil Puthāṇḍu.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":1},{"id":"baisakhi","name":"Baisakhi (Vaiśākhī)","name_sanskrit":"वैशाखी","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya + Khalsa Pantha (Sikh)","significance":"Punjab New Year + Sikh Khalsa founding day.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"mathura"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 27, 1997 CE · Mathurā · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 27, 1997 CE for Mathurā: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 05:44, sūryāsta 18:50.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1997-04-27","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1997-04-27","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1997-04-27","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1997-04-27","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1997-04-27"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T12:45:31.049Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T12:45:31.049Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T12:45:31.049Z","pillar_versions":{"BOB-History":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}