{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:mathura:1997-03-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1997-03-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-03-28","date_display":"March 28, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":3,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450535.770833,"kali_year":5098,"ahargana":1862070.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":343.7682,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":209.8551,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":226.0869,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.0869},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":209.8551,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.8551},"yoga":{"number":15,"name":"Vajra","sum_longitude":193.6232},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":37,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":3,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450535.770833,"ahargana":1862070.2708,"kali_year":5098,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8144,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":343.58837,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":207.19657000000007,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.5105},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":148.82357000000002,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":359.06057,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":290.52367000000004,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":342.23127,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":346.07187,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":158.5561,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":338.5561,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":3,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450535.770833,"kali_year":5098,"ahargana":1862070.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":343.7682,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":209.8551,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":226.0869,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.0869},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":209.8551,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.8551},"yoga":{"number":15,"name":"Vajra","sum_longitude":193.6232},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":37,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.51,"elongation":133.913},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.51,"opposition_distance":46.087}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-19,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.134,"elongation":0.078},{"offset_days":-4,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.031,"opposition_distance":1.434}]},"city":{"slug":"mathura","name":"Mathurā","lat":27.4924,"lon":77.6737,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"mathura","name":"Mathurā","lat":27.4924,"lon":77.6737,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"06:15","sunsetLocal":"18:35","solarNoonLocal":"12:25","dayLengthHours":12.329464530949764,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 19 Mins 46 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 40 Mins 14 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:56","moonsetLocal":"08:43","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:52","end":"12:25","startHours":10.874239307071306,"endHours":12.415422373440027,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"15:30","end":"17:02","startHours":15.497788506177468,"endHours":17.03897157254619,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:48","end":"09:20","startHours":7.7918731743338645,"endHours":9.333056240702586,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:08","end":"09:32","startHours":9.127565165186756,"endHours":9.538547316218414,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:46","end":"07:06","startHours":6.764417796754717,"endHours":7.0932035175800445,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:00","end":"12:50","startHours":12.004440222408368,"endHours":12.826404524471686,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:36","end":"05:26","startHours":4.606761503838509,"endHours":5.428725805901826,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:13","end":"06:15","startHours":5.223234730385997,"endHours":6.250690107965144,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:28","end":"15:18","startHours":14.47033312859832,"endHours":15.292297430661637,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:23","end":"18:47","startHours":18.38015463891491,"endHours":18.780154638914908,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:35","end":"19:06","startHours":18.58015463891491,"endHours":19.09388232770448,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:20","end":"20:05","startHours":18.33015463891491,"endHours":20.08015463891491,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:00","end":"00:50","startHours":24.00444022240837,"endHours":24.826404524471684,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"06:15","end":"07:48","startHours":6.250690107965144,"endHours":7.7918731743338645,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"07:48","end":"09:20","startHours":7.7918731743338645,"endHours":9.333056240702586,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"09:20","end":"10:52","startHours":9.333056240702586,"endHours":10.874239307071306,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"10:52","end":"12:25","startHours":10.874239307071306,"endHours":12.415422373440027,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:25","end":"13:57","startHours":12.415422373440027,"endHours":13.956605439808747,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"13:57","end":"15:30","startHours":13.956605439808747,"endHours":15.497788506177468,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:30","end":"17:02","startHours":15.497788506177468,"endHours":17.03897157254619,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"17:02","end":"18:35","startHours":17.03897157254619,"endHours":18.58015463891491,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"18:35","end":"20:02","startHours":18.58015463891491,"endHours":20.03897157254619,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:02","end":"21:30","startHours":20.03897157254619,"endHours":21.497788506177468,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:30","end":"22:57","startHours":21.497788506177468,"endHours":22.956605439808747,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:57","end":"00:25","startHours":22.956605439808747,"endHours":24.415422373440027,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:25","end":"01:52","startHours":24.415422373440027,"endHours":25.874239307071306,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"01:52","end":"03:20","startHours":25.874239307071306,"endHours":27.333056240702586,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:20","end":"04:48","startHours":27.333056240702586,"endHours":28.791873174333865,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"04:48","end":"06:15","startHours":28.791873174333865,"endHours":30.250690107965145,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:15","end":"07:15","startHours":6.250690107965144,"endHours":7.250690107965144,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:15","end":"08:15","startHours":7.250690107965144,"endHours":8.250690107965145,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:15","end":"09:15","startHours":8.250690107965145,"endHours":9.250690107965145,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:15","end":"10:15","startHours":9.250690107965145,"endHours":10.250690107965145,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:15","end":"11:15","startHours":10.250690107965145,"endHours":11.250690107965145,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:15","end":"12:15","startHours":11.250690107965145,"endHours":12.250690107965145,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:15","end":"13:15","startHours":12.250690107965145,"endHours":13.250690107965145,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:15","end":"14:15","startHours":13.250690107965145,"endHours":14.250690107965145,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:15","end":"15:15","startHours":14.250690107965145,"endHours":15.250690107965145,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:15","end":"16:15","startHours":15.250690107965145,"endHours":16.250690107965145,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:15","end":"17:15","startHours":16.250690107965145,"endHours":17.250690107965145,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:15","end":"18:15","startHours":17.250690107965145,"endHours":18.250690107965145,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:15","end":"19:15","startHours":18.250690107965145,"endHours":19.250690107965145,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:15","end":"20:15","startHours":19.250690107965145,"endHours":20.250690107965145,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:15","end":"21:15","startHours":20.250690107965145,"endHours":21.250690107965145,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:15","end":"22:15","startHours":21.250690107965145,"endHours":22.250690107965145,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:15","end":"23:15","startHours":22.250690107965145,"endHours":23.250690107965145,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:15","end":"00:15","startHours":23.250690107965145,"endHours":24.250690107965145,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:15","end":"01:15","startHours":24.250690107965145,"endHours":25.250690107965145,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:15","end":"02:15","startHours":25.250690107965145,"endHours":26.250690107965145,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:15","end":"03:15","startHours":26.250690107965145,"endHours":27.250690107965145,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:15","end":"04:15","startHours":27.250690107965145,"endHours":28.250690107965145,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:15","end":"05:15","startHours":28.250690107965145,"endHours":29.250690107965145,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:15","end":"06:15","startHours":29.250690107965145,"endHours":30.250690107965145,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Śrīvatsa","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":2.937423612606539,"eotMinutes":-5.6201424064016345,"ayanamsa":23.8144}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Caitra","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Caitra Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mīna (Paṅkuṇi)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Caitra Kṛṣṇa Caturthī · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[{"id":"mina-sankranti","name":"Mīna Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"मीन सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Pisces; Mīna-māsa begins.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Mīna"},"precedence":5},{"id":"sankashti-chaturthi","name":"Saṅkaṣṭī Caturthī","name_sanskrit":"सङ्कष्टी चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa","significance":"Monthly Gaṇeśa vrata.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":19,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-0562-04-11","event":"Bhagavān Buddha's birth at Lumbinī","chart_id":"buddha","shared_marker":"same Viśākhā","url":"/day/-0562-04-11","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"mathura"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 28, 1997 CE · Mathurā · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 28, 1997 CE for Mathurā: Kṛṣṇa Caturthī, sūryodaya 06:15, sūryāsta 18:35.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1997-03-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1997-03-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1997-03-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1997-03-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1997-03-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T16:38:22.923Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T16:38:22.923Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T16:38:22.923Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}