{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:mathura:1997-01-02:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1997-01-02","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-01-02","date_display":"January 2, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":1,"day":2,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450450.770833,"kali_year":5098,"ahargana":1861985.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":257.6527,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":170.4683,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":23,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":272.8156,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.8156},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":4,"moon_longitude":170.4683,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.4683},"yoga":{"number":6,"name":"Atigaṇḍa","sum_longitude":68.1211},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":45,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":1,"day":2,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450450.770833,"ahargana":1861985.2708,"kali_year":5098,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8111,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":257.86821800000007,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":167.51131800000007,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.5797},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":155.737118,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":257.91531800000007,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":271.658818,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":235.989418,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":337.565018,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":163.0599,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":343.0599,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":1,"day":2,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450450.770833,"kali_year":5098,"ahargana":1861985.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":257.6527,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":170.4683,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":23,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":272.8156,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.8156},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":4,"moon_longitude":170.4683,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.4683},"yoga":{"number":6,"name":"Atigaṇḍa","sum_longitude":68.1211},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":45,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.58,"elongation":87.184},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.58,"opposition_distance":92.816}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"mathura","name":"Mathurā","lat":27.4924,"lon":77.6737,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"mathura","name":"Mathurā","lat":27.4924,"lon":77.6737,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"07:10","sunsetLocal":"17:37","solarNoonLocal":"12:23","dayLengthHours":10.443959226457064,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 26 Mins 38 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 33 Mins 22 Secs","moonriseLocal":"00:29","moonsetLocal":"12:15","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"13:42","end":"15:00","startHours":13.696410071396357,"endHours":15.00190497470349,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:10","end":"08:28","startHours":7.168935554860692,"endHours":8.474430458167825,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:47","end":"11:05","startHours":9.779925361474959,"endHours":11.08542026478209,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:36","end":"09:57","startHours":9.60585937436734,"endHours":9.953991348582576,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:36","end":"07:53","startHours":7.604100522629736,"endHours":7.882606102001924,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:03","end":"12:44","startHours":12.042783193873989,"endHours":12.73904714230446,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:47","end":"06:28","startHours":5.77640765799975,"endHours":6.472671606430221,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:18","end":"07:10","startHours":6.298605619322603,"endHours":7.168935554860692,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:08","end":"14:50","startHours":14.131575039165401,"endHours":14.827838987595872,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:25","end":"17:49","startHours":17.412894781317757,"endHours":17.812894781317755,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:37","end":"18:03","startHours":17.612894781317756,"endHours":18.0480597490868,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:22","end":"19:07","startHours":17.362894781317756,"endHours":19.112894781317756,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:03","end":"00:44","startHours":24.042783193873987,"endHours":24.739047142304457,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:10","end":"08:28","startHours":7.168935554860692,"endHours":8.474430458167825,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:28","end":"09:47","startHours":8.474430458167825,"endHours":9.779925361474959,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:47","end":"11:05","startHours":9.779925361474959,"endHours":11.08542026478209,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"11:05","end":"12:23","startHours":11.08542026478209,"endHours":12.390915168089224,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:23","end":"13:42","startHours":12.390915168089224,"endHours":13.696410071396357,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"13:42","end":"15:00","startHours":13.696410071396357,"endHours":15.00190497470349,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:00","end":"16:18","startHours":15.00190497470349,"endHours":16.30739987801062,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:18","end":"17:37","startHours":16.30739987801062,"endHours":17.612894781317756,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:37","end":"19:18","startHours":17.612894781317756,"endHours":19.307399878010624,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:18","end":"21:00","startHours":19.307399878010624,"endHours":21.00190497470349,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:00","end":"22:42","startHours":21.00190497470349,"endHours":22.696410071396357,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:42","end":"00:23","startHours":22.696410071396357,"endHours":24.390915168089222,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:23","end":"02:05","startHours":24.390915168089222,"endHours":26.08542026478209,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:05","end":"03:47","startHours":26.08542026478209,"endHours":27.77992536147496,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:47","end":"05:28","startHours":27.77992536147496,"endHours":29.474430458167824,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"05:28","end":"07:10","startHours":29.474430458167824,"endHours":31.168935554860692,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:10","end":"08:10","startHours":7.168935554860692,"endHours":8.168935554860692,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:10","end":"09:10","startHours":8.168935554860692,"endHours":9.168935554860692,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:10","end":"10:10","startHours":9.168935554860692,"endHours":10.168935554860692,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:10","end":"11:10","startHours":10.168935554860692,"endHours":11.168935554860692,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:10","end":"12:10","startHours":11.168935554860692,"endHours":12.168935554860692,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:10","end":"13:10","startHours":12.168935554860692,"endHours":13.168935554860692,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:10","end":"14:10","startHours":13.168935554860692,"endHours":14.168935554860692,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:10","end":"15:10","startHours":14.168935554860692,"endHours":15.168935554860692,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:10","end":"16:10","startHours":15.168935554860692,"endHours":16.168935554860692,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:10","end":"17:10","startHours":16.168935554860692,"endHours":17.168935554860692,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:10","end":"18:10","startHours":17.168935554860692,"endHours":18.168935554860692,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:10","end":"19:10","startHours":18.168935554860692,"endHours":19.168935554860692,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:10","end":"20:10","startHours":19.168935554860692,"endHours":20.168935554860692,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:10","end":"21:10","startHours":20.168935554860692,"endHours":21.168935554860692,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:10","end":"22:10","startHours":21.168935554860692,"endHours":22.168935554860692,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:10","end":"23:10","startHours":22.168935554860692,"endHours":23.168935554860692,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:10","end":"00:10","startHours":23.168935554860692,"endHours":24.168935554860692,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:10","end":"01:10","startHours":24.168935554860692,"endHours":25.168935554860692,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:10","end":"02:10","startHours":25.168935554860692,"endHours":26.168935554860692,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:10","end":"03:10","startHours":26.168935554860692,"endHours":27.168935554860692,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:10","end":"04:10","startHours":27.168935554860692,"endHours":28.168935554860692,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:10","end":"05:10","startHours":28.168935554860692,"endHours":29.168935554860692,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:10","end":"06:10","startHours":29.168935554860692,"endHours":30.168935554860692,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:10","end":"07:10","startHours":30.168935554860692,"endHours":31.168935554860692,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"North-West","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Ānanda","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-22.92325386113852,"eotMinutes":-4.149710085353452,"ayanamsa":23.8111}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3226-07-09","event":"Bhagavān Krishna's birth at Mathurā","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","url":"/day/-3226-07-09","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"mathura"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 2, 1997 CE · Mathurā · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 2, 1997 CE for Mathurā: Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī, sūryodaya 07:10, sūryāsta 17:37.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1997-01-02","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1997-01-02","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1997-01-02","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1997-01-02","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1997-01-02"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T13:34:35.127Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T13:34:35.127Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T13:34:35.127Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}