{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:mathura:1971-01-23:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1971-01-23","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1971-01-23","date_display":"January 23, 1971 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1971,"month":1,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2440974.770833,"kali_year":5072,"ahargana":1852509.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":278.9405,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":228.5862,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":26,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":309.6456,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.6456},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":228.5862,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.9195},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":147.5267},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":51,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1971,"month":1,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2440974.770833,"ahargana":1852509.2708,"kali_year":5072,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.4487,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":278.921071,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":227.36537099999998,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.3765},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":216.91637100000003,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":255.47147100000007,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":218.747971,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":232.40237100000002,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":22.696470999999974,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":305.1439,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":125.1439,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1971,"month":1,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2440974.770833,"kali_year":5072,"ahargana":1852509.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":278.9405,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":228.5862,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":26,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":309.6456,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.6456},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":228.5862,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.9195},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":147.5267},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":51,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.376,"elongation":50.354},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.376,"opposition_distance":129.646}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":18,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.69,"opposition_distance":1.965}]},"city":{"slug":"mathura","name":"Mathurā","lat":27.4924,"lon":77.6737,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"mathura","name":"Mathurā","lat":27.4924,"lon":77.6737,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"07:10","sunsetLocal":"17:52","solarNoonLocal":"12:31","dayLengthHours":10.708887453746966,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 42 Mins 32 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 17 Mins 28 Secs","moonriseLocal":"03:51","moonsetLocal":"14:19","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:50","end":"11:11","startHours":9.841284762898555,"endHours":11.179895694616924,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:51","end":"15:12","startHours":13.857117558053666,"endHours":15.195728489772037,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:10","end":"08:30","startHours":7.164062899461813,"endHours":8.502673831180184,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:40","end":"10:01","startHours":9.662803305336105,"endHours":10.019766220461005,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:37","end":"07:54","startHours":7.610266543367937,"endHours":7.895836875467856,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:10","end":"12:53","startHours":12.161543711210395,"endHours":12.875469541460195,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:44","end":"06:27","startHours":5.736211238962218,"endHours":6.4501370692120155,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:16","end":"07:10","startHours":6.271655611649566,"endHours":7.164062899461813,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:18","end":"15:01","startHours":14.30332120195979,"endHours":15.017247032209587,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:40","end":"18:04","startHours":17.67295035320878,"endHours":18.07295035320878,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:52","end":"18:19","startHours":17.87295035320878,"endHours":18.319153997114903,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:37","end":"19:22","startHours":17.62295035320878,"endHours":19.37295035320878,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:10","end":"00:53","startHours":24.161543711210395,"endHours":24.875469541460195,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:10","end":"08:30","startHours":7.164062899461813,"endHours":8.502673831180184,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:30","end":"09:50","startHours":8.502673831180184,"endHours":9.841284762898555,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:50","end":"11:11","startHours":9.841284762898555,"endHours":11.179895694616924,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:11","end":"12:31","startHours":11.179895694616924,"endHours":12.518506626335295,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:31","end":"13:51","startHours":12.518506626335295,"endHours":13.857117558053666,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:51","end":"15:12","startHours":13.857117558053666,"endHours":15.195728489772037,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:12","end":"16:32","startHours":15.195728489772037,"endHours":16.534339421490408,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:32","end":"17:52","startHours":16.534339421490408,"endHours":17.87295035320878,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"17:52","end":"19:32","startHours":17.87295035320878,"endHours":19.534339421490408,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:32","end":"21:12","startHours":19.534339421490408,"endHours":21.195728489772037,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:12","end":"22:51","startHours":21.195728489772037,"endHours":22.857117558053666,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:51","end":"00:31","startHours":22.857117558053666,"endHours":24.518506626335295,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:31","end":"02:11","startHours":24.518506626335295,"endHours":26.179895694616924,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:11","end":"03:50","startHours":26.179895694616924,"endHours":27.841284762898553,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:50","end":"05:30","startHours":27.841284762898553,"endHours":29.502673831180182,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"05:30","end":"07:10","startHours":29.502673831180182,"endHours":31.16406289946181,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:10","end":"08:10","startHours":7.164062899461813,"endHours":8.164062899461813,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:10","end":"09:10","startHours":8.164062899461813,"endHours":9.164062899461813,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:10","end":"10:10","startHours":9.164062899461813,"endHours":10.164062899461813,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:10","end":"11:10","startHours":10.164062899461813,"endHours":11.164062899461813,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:10","end":"12:10","startHours":11.164062899461813,"endHours":12.164062899461813,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:10","end":"13:10","startHours":12.164062899461813,"endHours":13.164062899461813,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:10","end":"14:10","startHours":13.164062899461813,"endHours":14.164062899461813,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:10","end":"15:10","startHours":14.164062899461813,"endHours":15.164062899461813,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:10","end":"16:10","startHours":15.164062899461813,"endHours":16.16406289946181,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:10","end":"17:10","startHours":16.16406289946181,"endHours":17.16406289946181,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:10","end":"18:10","startHours":17.16406289946181,"endHours":18.16406289946181,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:10","end":"19:10","startHours":18.16406289946181,"endHours":19.16406289946181,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:10","end":"20:10","startHours":19.16406289946181,"endHours":20.16406289946181,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:10","end":"21:10","startHours":20.16406289946181,"endHours":21.16406289946181,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:10","end":"22:10","startHours":21.16406289946181,"endHours":22.16406289946181,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:10","end":"23:10","startHours":22.16406289946181,"endHours":23.16406289946181,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:10","end":"00:10","startHours":23.16406289946181,"endHours":24.16406289946181,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:10","end":"01:10","startHours":24.16406289946181,"endHours":25.16406289946181,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:10","end":"02:10","startHours":25.16406289946181,"endHours":26.16406289946181,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:10","end":"03:10","startHours":26.16406289946181,"endHours":27.16406289946181,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:10","end":"04:10","startHours":27.16406289946181,"endHours":28.16406289946181,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:10","end":"05:10","startHours":28.16406289946181,"endHours":29.16406289946181,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:10","end":"06:10","startHours":29.16406289946181,"endHours":30.16406289946181,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:10","end":"07:10","startHours":30.16406289946181,"endHours":31.16406289946181,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"North-East","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Padma","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-19.629040824686918,"eotMinutes":-11.805197580117738,"ayanamsa":23.4487}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2028,"vikram_samvatsara":"Raktākṣī","saka_samvat":1893,"saka_samvatsara":"Virodhakṛt","bengali_samvat":1378,"malayalam_era":1147,"nanakshahi_year":502,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī · Vikram 2028 Raktākṣī · Śaka 1893 Virodhakṛt"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2},{"id":"shattila-ekadashi","name":"Ṣaṭ-tilā Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"षट्तिला एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Six uses of tila (sesame) on this Ekādaśī confer mokṣa.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":26,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","lunar_month":"Māgha"},"precedence":4},{"id":"ekadashi","name":"Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Sacred to Bhagavān Viṣṇu; vrata for purification.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":11},{"tithi_number":26}]},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-20","event":"Karṇa-Vadha (Mahābhārata Day 17)","chart_id":"karna","shared_marker":"same Jyeṣṭhā","url":"/day/-3137-10-20","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"mathura"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 23, 1971 CE · Mathurā · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 23, 1971 CE for Mathurā: Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī, sūryodaya 07:10, sūryāsta 17:52.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1971-01-23","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1971-01-23","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1971-01-23","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1971-01-23","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1971-01-23"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T13:41:08.771Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T13:41:08.771Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T13:41:08.771Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}