{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:mathura:1931-01-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1931-01-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1931-01-28","date_display":"January 28, 1931 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1931,"month":1,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2426369.770833,"kali_year":5032,"ahargana":1837904.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":284.4196,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":29.3383,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":9,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Navamī","elongation_degrees":104.9187,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.9187},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":29.3383,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.6716},"yoga":{"number":24,"name":"Śukla","sum_longitude":313.7579},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":17,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1931,"month":1,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2426369.770833,"ahargana":1837904.2708,"kali_year":5032,"ayanamsa_lahiri":22.8901,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":284.2682890000001,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":26.12908900000002,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.2721},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":104.88468899999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":260.274189,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":80.524989,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":238.40828899999997,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":264.34638900000004,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":358.9871,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":178.9871,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1931,"month":1,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2426369.770833,"kali_year":5032,"ahargana":1837904.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":284.4196,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":29.3383,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":9,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Navamī","elongation_degrees":104.9187,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.9187},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":29.3383,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.6716},"yoga":{"number":24,"name":"Śukla","sum_longitude":313.7579},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":17,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.272,"elongation":104.919},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.272,"opposition_distance":75.081}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"mathura","name":"Mathurā","lat":27.4924,"lon":77.6737,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"mathura","name":"Mathurā","lat":27.4924,"lon":77.6737,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"07:08","sunsetLocal":"17:56","solarNoonLocal":"12:32","dayLengthHours":10.798370649457024,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 47 Mins 54 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 12 Mins 06 Secs","moonriseLocal":"12:39","moonsetLocal":"02:00","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:32","end":"13:53","startHours":12.537997200581096,"endHours":13.887793531763226,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:29","end":"09:50","startHours":8.488608207034712,"endHours":9.83840453821684,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:11","end":"12:32","startHours":11.188200869398969,"endHours":12.537997200581096,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:40","end":"10:01","startHours":9.658431694059225,"endHours":10.018377382374457,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:35","end":"07:53","startHours":7.5887439862466275,"endHours":7.876700536898815,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:11","end":"12:54","startHours":12.178051512265863,"endHours":12.897942888896331,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:42","end":"06:25","startHours":5.699029122591648,"endHours":6.418920499222116,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:14","end":"07:08","startHours":6.238947655064499,"endHours":7.138811875852585,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:20","end":"15:03","startHours":14.337725642157267,"endHours":15.057617018787735,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:44","end":"18:08","startHours":17.73718252530961,"endHours":18.13718252530961,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:56","end":"18:23","startHours":17.93718252530961,"endHours":18.38711463570365,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:41","end":"19:26","startHours":17.68718252530961,"endHours":19.43718252530961,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:11","end":"00:54","startHours":24.17805151226586,"endHours":24.89794288889633,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"07:08","end":"08:29","startHours":7.138811875852585,"endHours":8.488608207034712,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:29","end":"09:50","startHours":8.488608207034712,"endHours":9.83840453821684,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:50","end":"11:11","startHours":9.83840453821684,"endHours":11.188200869398969,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:11","end":"12:32","startHours":11.188200869398969,"endHours":12.537997200581096,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:32","end":"13:53","startHours":12.537997200581096,"endHours":13.887793531763226,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:53","end":"15:14","startHours":13.887793531763226,"endHours":15.237589862945352,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:14","end":"16:35","startHours":15.237589862945352,"endHours":16.58738619412748,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:35","end":"17:56","startHours":16.58738619412748,"endHours":17.93718252530961,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:56","end":"19:35","startHours":17.93718252530961,"endHours":19.587386194127482,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:35","end":"21:14","startHours":19.587386194127482,"endHours":21.237589862945352,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:14","end":"22:53","startHours":21.237589862945352,"endHours":22.887793531763226,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:53","end":"00:32","startHours":22.887793531763226,"endHours":24.537997200581096,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:32","end":"02:11","startHours":24.537997200581096,"endHours":26.18820086939897,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:11","end":"03:50","startHours":26.18820086939897,"endHours":27.838404538216842,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:50","end":"05:29","startHours":27.838404538216842,"endHours":29.488608207034716,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:29","end":"07:08","startHours":29.488608207034716,"endHours":31.138811875852586,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:08","end":"08:08","startHours":7.138811875852585,"endHours":8.138811875852586,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:08","end":"09:08","startHours":8.138811875852586,"endHours":9.138811875852586,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:08","end":"10:08","startHours":9.138811875852586,"endHours":10.138811875852586,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:08","end":"11:08","startHours":10.138811875852586,"endHours":11.138811875852586,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:08","end":"12:08","startHours":11.138811875852586,"endHours":12.138811875852586,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:08","end":"13:08","startHours":12.138811875852586,"endHours":13.138811875852586,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:08","end":"14:08","startHours":13.138811875852586,"endHours":14.138811875852586,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:08","end":"15:08","startHours":14.138811875852586,"endHours":15.138811875852586,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:08","end":"16:08","startHours":15.138811875852586,"endHours":16.138811875852586,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:08","end":"17:08","startHours":16.138811875852586,"endHours":17.138811875852586,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:08","end":"18:08","startHours":17.138811875852586,"endHours":18.138811875852586,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:08","end":"19:08","startHours":18.138811875852586,"endHours":19.138811875852586,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:08","end":"20:08","startHours":19.138811875852586,"endHours":20.138811875852586,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:08","end":"21:08","startHours":20.138811875852586,"endHours":21.138811875852586,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:08","end":"22:08","startHours":21.138811875852586,"endHours":22.138811875852586,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:08","end":"23:08","startHours":22.138811875852586,"endHours":23.138811875852586,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:08","end":"00:08","startHours":23.138811875852586,"endHours":24.138811875852586,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:08","end":"01:08","startHours":24.138811875852586,"endHours":25.138811875852586,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:08","end":"02:08","startHours":25.138811875852586,"endHours":26.138811875852586,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:08","end":"03:08","startHours":26.138811875852586,"endHours":27.138811875852586,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:08","end":"04:08","startHours":27.138811875852586,"endHours":28.138811875852586,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:08","end":"05:08","startHours":28.138811875852586,"endHours":29.138811875852586,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:08","end":"06:08","startHours":29.138811875852586,"endHours":30.138811875852586,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:08","end":"07:08","startHours":30.138811875852586,"endHours":31.138811875852586,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Lumba","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-18.48040786991574,"eotMinutes":-12.974632034865841,"ayanamsa":22.8901}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1988,"vikram_samvatsara":"Tāraṇa","saka_samvat":1853,"saka_samvatsara":"Prajāpati","bengali_samvat":1338,"malayalam_era":1107,"nanakshahi_year":462,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Śukla Navamī · Vikram 1988 Tāraṇa · Śaka 1853 Prajāpati"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-04","event":"Mahābhārata Day 1 (Bhagavad Gītā delivered)","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Kṛttikā","url":"/day/-3137-10-04","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-3137-12-25","event":"Bhīṣma's Mahaprasthan","chart_id":"bhishma","shared_marker":"same Kṛttikā","url":"/day/-3137-12-25","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-1626101-04-03","event":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā","chart_id":"rama","shared_marker":"same Śukla Navamī","url":"/day/-1626101-04-03","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"mathura"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 28, 1931 CE · Mathurā · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 28, 1931 CE for Mathurā: Śukla Navamī, sūryodaya 07:08, sūryāsta 17:56.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1931-01-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1931-01-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1931-01-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1931-01-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1931-01-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T14:40:36.910Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T14:40:36.910Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T14:40:36.910Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}