{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:mathura:1902-12-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1902-12-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1902-12-31","date_display":"December 31, 1902 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1902,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2416114.770833,"kali_year":5004,"ahargana":1827649.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.9287,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":270.1265,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":14.1978,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.1978},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":270.1265,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.4598},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":166.0552},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":2,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1902,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2416114.770833,"ahargana":1827649.2708,"kali_year":5004,"ayanamsa_lahiri":22.4979,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.93890599999997,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":268.4371060000001,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.4966},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":163.46180600000002,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":268.047006,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":297.08030600000006,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":264.99890600000003,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":276.4308060000001,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":182.3464,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":2.3464,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1902,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2416114.770833,"kali_year":5004,"ahargana":1827649.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.9287,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":270.1265,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":14.1978,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.1978},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":270.1265,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.4598},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":166.0552},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":2,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.497,"elongation":14.198},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.497,"opposition_distance":165.802}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"mathura","name":"Mathurā","lat":27.4924,"lon":77.6737,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"mathura","name":"Mathurā","lat":27.4924,"lon":77.6737,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"07:10","sunsetLocal":"17:35","solarNoonLocal":"12:23","dayLengthHours":10.423728289965336,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 25 Mins 25 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 34 Mins 35 Secs","moonriseLocal":"07:58","moonsetLocal":"18:27","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:23","end":"13:41","startHours":12.376023915396754,"endHours":13.678989951642421,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:28","end":"09:46","startHours":8.467125806659753,"endHours":9.77009184290542,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:04","end":"12:23","startHours":11.073057879151088,"endHours":12.376023915396754,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:36","end":"09:57","startHours":9.596363038072665,"endHours":9.943820647738177,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:36","end":"07:53","startHours":7.598481782495976,"endHours":7.876447870228385,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:02","end":"12:43","startHours":12.028566305731244,"endHours":12.723481525062267,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:46","end":"06:28","startHours":5.7743293317520425,"endHours":6.469244551083064,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:18","end":"07:10","startHours":6.295515746250309,"endHours":7.164159770414087,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:07","end":"14:48","startHours":14.11331196372431,"endHours":14.808227183055333,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:23","end":"17:47","startHours":17.387888060379424,"endHours":17.787888060379423,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:35","end":"18:01","startHours":17.587888060379424,"endHours":18.022210072461313,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:20","end":"19:05","startHours":17.337888060379424,"endHours":19.087888060379424,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:02","end":"00:43","startHours":24.028566305731246,"endHours":24.72348152506227,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"07:10","end":"08:28","startHours":7.164159770414087,"endHours":8.467125806659753,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:28","end":"09:46","startHours":8.467125806659753,"endHours":9.77009184290542,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:46","end":"11:04","startHours":9.77009184290542,"endHours":11.073057879151088,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:04","end":"12:23","startHours":11.073057879151088,"endHours":12.376023915396754,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:23","end":"13:41","startHours":12.376023915396754,"endHours":13.678989951642421,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:41","end":"14:59","startHours":13.678989951642421,"endHours":14.981955987888089,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"14:59","end":"16:17","startHours":14.981955987888089,"endHours":16.284922024133756,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:17","end":"17:35","startHours":16.284922024133756,"endHours":17.587888060379424,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:35","end":"19:17","startHours":17.587888060379424,"endHours":19.284922024133756,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:17","end":"20:59","startHours":19.284922024133756,"endHours":20.98195598788809,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"20:59","end":"22:41","startHours":20.98195598788809,"endHours":22.67898995164242,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:41","end":"00:23","startHours":22.67898995164242,"endHours":24.376023915396758,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:23","end":"02:04","startHours":24.376023915396758,"endHours":26.073057879151087,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:04","end":"03:46","startHours":26.073057879151087,"endHours":27.770091842905423,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:46","end":"05:28","startHours":27.770091842905423,"endHours":29.467125806659755,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:28","end":"07:10","startHours":29.467125806659755,"endHours":31.164159770414088,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:10","end":"08:10","startHours":7.164159770414087,"endHours":8.164159770414088,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:10","end":"09:10","startHours":8.164159770414088,"endHours":9.164159770414088,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:10","end":"10:10","startHours":9.164159770414088,"endHours":10.164159770414088,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:10","end":"11:10","startHours":10.164159770414088,"endHours":11.164159770414088,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:10","end":"12:10","startHours":11.164159770414088,"endHours":12.164159770414088,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:10","end":"13:10","startHours":12.164159770414088,"endHours":13.164159770414088,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:10","end":"14:10","startHours":13.164159770414088,"endHours":14.164159770414088,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:10","end":"15:10","startHours":14.164159770414088,"endHours":15.164159770414088,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:10","end":"16:10","startHours":15.164159770414088,"endHours":16.164159770414088,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:10","end":"17:10","startHours":16.164159770414088,"endHours":17.164159770414088,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:10","end":"18:10","startHours":17.164159770414088,"endHours":18.164159770414088,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:10","end":"19:10","startHours":18.164159770414088,"endHours":19.164159770414088,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:10","end":"20:10","startHours":19.164159770414088,"endHours":20.164159770414088,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:10","end":"21:10","startHours":20.164159770414088,"endHours":21.164159770414088,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:10","end":"22:10","startHours":21.164159770414088,"endHours":22.164159770414088,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:10","end":"23:10","startHours":22.164159770414088,"endHours":23.164159770414088,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:10","end":"00:10","startHours":23.164159770414088,"endHours":24.164159770414088,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:10","end":"01:10","startHours":24.164159770414088,"endHours":25.164159770414088,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:10","end":"02:10","startHours":25.164159770414088,"endHours":26.164159770414088,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:10","end":"03:10","startHours":26.164159770414088,"endHours":27.164159770414088,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:10","end":"04:10","startHours":27.164159770414088,"endHours":28.164159770414088,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:10","end":"05:10","startHours":28.164159770414088,"endHours":29.164159770414088,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:10","end":"06:10","startHours":29.164159770414088,"endHours":30.164159770414088,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:10","end":"07:10","startHours":30.164159770414088,"endHours":31.164159770414088,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Saumya","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.16798806720125,"eotMinutes":-3.2562349238053434,"ayanamsa":22.4979}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1959,"vikram_samvatsara":"Rākṣasa","saka_samvat":1824,"saka_samvatsara":"Śubhakṛt","bengali_samvat":1309,"malayalam_era":1078,"nanakshahi_year":433,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Dvitīyā · Vikram 1959 Rākṣasa · Śaka 1824 Śubhakṛt"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"mathura"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 31, 1902 CE · Mathurā · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 31, 1902 CE for Mathurā: Śukla Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 07:10, sūryāsta 17:35.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1902-12-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1902-12-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1902-12-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1902-12-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/1902-12-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T13:36:37.728Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T13:36:37.728Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T13:36:37.728Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}