{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:mathura:-0478-03-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/-0478-03-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"-0478-03-16","date_display":"March 16, 479 BCE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":-478,"month":3,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1546542.770833,"kali_year":2624,"ahargana":958077.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":5.7457,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":208.5037,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":17,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":202.758,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.758},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":208.5037,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.5037},"yoga":{"number":17,"name":"Vyatīpāta","sum_longitude":214.2494},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":33,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":-478,"month":3,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1546542.770833,"ahargana":958077.2708,"kali_year":2624,"ayanamsa_lahiri":-10.7599,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":5.7457,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":208.5037,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.3861},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":229.3848,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":358.654,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":41.1941,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":336.8586,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":350.1459,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":176.4556,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":356.4556,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":-478,"month":3,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1546542.770833,"kali_year":2624,"ahargana":958077.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":5.7457,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":208.5037,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":17,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":202.758,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.758},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":208.5037,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.5037},"yoga":{"number":17,"name":"Vyatīpāta","sum_longitude":214.2494},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":33,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.386,"elongation":157.242},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.386,"opposition_distance":22.758}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-2,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.497,"opposition_distance":0.884}]},"city":{"slug":"mathura","name":"Mathurā","lat":27.4924,"lon":77.6737,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"mathura","name":"Mathurā","lat":27.4924,"lon":77.6737,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"06:29","sunsetLocal":"18:28","solarNoonLocal":"12:29","dayLengthHours":11.986992073397852,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 59 Mins 13 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 00 Mins 47 Secs","moonriseLocal":"20:12","moonsetLocal":"07:48","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:29","end":"10:59","startHours":9.480998650674966,"endHours":10.979372659849698,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:59","end":"15:28","startHours":13.97612067819916,"endHours":15.474494687373893,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:29","end":"07:59","startHours":6.484250632325503,"endHours":7.982624641500235,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:17","end":"09:41","startHours":9.281215449451668,"endHours":9.680781851898264,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:59","end":"07:18","startHours":6.983708635383747,"endHours":7.303361757341023,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:05","end":"12:53","startHours":12.078180266577835,"endHours":12.877313071471026,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:53","end":"05:41","startHours":4.885985022539123,"endHours":5.685117827432313,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:29","end":"06:29","startHours":5.485334626209015,"endHours":6.484250632325503,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:29","end":"15:16","startHours":14.475578681257405,"endHours":15.274711486150595,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:16","end":"18:40","startHours":18.271242705723356,"endHours":18.671242705723355,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:28","end":"18:58","startHours":18.471242705723355,"endHours":18.9707007087816,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:13","end":"19:58","startHours":18.221242705723355,"endHours":19.971242705723355,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:05","end":"00:53","startHours":24.078180266577835,"endHours":24.877313071471026,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:29","end":"07:59","startHours":6.484250632325503,"endHours":7.982624641500235,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:59","end":"09:29","startHours":7.982624641500235,"endHours":9.480998650674966,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:29","end":"10:59","startHours":9.480998650674966,"endHours":10.979372659849698,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:59","end":"12:29","startHours":10.979372659849698,"endHours":12.47774666902443,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:29","end":"13:59","startHours":12.47774666902443,"endHours":13.97612067819916,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:59","end":"15:28","startHours":13.97612067819916,"endHours":15.474494687373893,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:28","end":"16:58","startHours":15.474494687373893,"endHours":16.972868696548623,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:58","end":"18:28","startHours":16.972868696548623,"endHours":18.471242705723355,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:28","end":"19:58","startHours":18.471242705723355,"endHours":19.972868696548623,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:58","end":"21:28","startHours":19.972868696548623,"endHours":21.47449468737389,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:28","end":"22:59","startHours":21.47449468737389,"endHours":22.97612067819916,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:59","end":"00:29","startHours":22.97612067819916,"endHours":24.47774666902443,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:29","end":"01:59","startHours":24.47774666902443,"endHours":25.979372659849698,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:59","end":"03:29","startHours":25.979372659849698,"endHours":27.480998650674966,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:29","end":"04:59","startHours":27.480998650674966,"endHours":28.982624641500237,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:59","end":"06:29","startHours":28.982624641500237,"endHours":30.484250632325505,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:29","end":"07:29","startHours":6.484250632325503,"endHours":7.484250632325503,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:29","end":"08:29","startHours":7.484250632325503,"endHours":8.484250632325503,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:29","end":"09:29","startHours":8.484250632325503,"endHours":9.484250632325503,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:29","end":"10:29","startHours":9.484250632325503,"endHours":10.484250632325503,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:29","end":"11:29","startHours":10.484250632325503,"endHours":11.484250632325503,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:29","end":"12:29","startHours":11.484250632325503,"endHours":12.484250632325503,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:29","end":"13:29","startHours":12.484250632325503,"endHours":13.484250632325503,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:29","end":"14:29","startHours":13.484250632325503,"endHours":14.484250632325503,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:29","end":"15:29","startHours":14.484250632325503,"endHours":15.484250632325503,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:29","end":"16:29","startHours":15.484250632325503,"endHours":16.484250632325505,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:29","end":"17:29","startHours":16.484250632325505,"endHours":17.484250632325505,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:29","end":"18:29","startHours":17.484250632325505,"endHours":18.484250632325505,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:29","end":"19:29","startHours":18.484250632325505,"endHours":19.484250632325505,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:29","end":"20:29","startHours":19.484250632325505,"endHours":20.484250632325505,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:29","end":"21:29","startHours":20.484250632325505,"endHours":21.484250632325505,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:29","end":"22:29","startHours":21.484250632325505,"endHours":22.484250632325505,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:29","end":"23:29","startHours":22.484250632325505,"endHours":23.484250632325505,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:29","end":"00:29","startHours":23.484250632325505,"endHours":24.484250632325505,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:29","end":"01:29","startHours":24.484250632325505,"endHours":25.484250632325505,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:29","end":"02:29","startHours":25.484250632325505,"endHours":26.484250632325505,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:29","end":"03:29","startHours":26.484250632325505,"endHours":27.484250632325505,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:29","end":"04:29","startHours":27.484250632325505,"endHours":28.484250632325505,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:29","end":"05:29","startHours":28.484250632325505,"endHours":29.484250632325505,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:29","end":"06:29","startHours":29.484250632325505,"endHours":30.484250632325505,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Maitra","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"undefined (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-1.992166805522741,"eotMinutes":-9.359600141465874,"ayanamsa":-10.7599}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":-421,"saka_samvat":-556,"bengali_samvat":-1071,"malayalam_era":-1302,"nanakshahi_year":-1947,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_amanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā · Vikram -421 undefined · Śaka -556 undefined"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":true,"location_specific":"mathura"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 16, 479 BCE · Mathurā · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 16, 479 BCE for Mathurā: Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 06:29, sūryāsta 18:28.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/-0478-03-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/-0478-03-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/-0478-03-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/-0478-03-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/-0478-03-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-08-11T20:49:17.829Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-08-11T20:49:17.829Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-08-11T20:49:17.829Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","reader-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}