{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:mathura:-0444-05-05:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/-0444-05-05","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"-0444-05-05","date_display":"May 5, 445 BCE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta (Burgess 1860 text, no bīja): Sun and Moon by the equation of the apsis with the 24-sine table","engine_version":"3.0 (text of the Sūrya Siddhānta)","accuracy_note":"Siddhāntic places, not the observed sky. Against the observed sky 1900-2030 the Moon averages -0.06 deg (max 3.6 deg), the Sun -0.21 deg (max 0.6 deg).","tradition_chain":"Sūrya Siddhānta, tr. E. Burgess (JAOS 6, 1860): I.29-47, II.15-45","input":{"year":-444,"month":5,"day":5,"hour":5.052266666666667,"minute":20.894,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1559011.725021,"kali_year":2658,"ahargana":970546.225,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":53.8422,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":336.0461,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":24,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Navamī","elongation_degrees":282.2039,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.2039},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":336.0461,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.7128},"yoga":{"number":3,"name":"Āyuṣmān","sum_longitude":29.8883},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":47,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta four-step process (II.43-44), tabular sines, even/odd epicycles, no bīja; verified against Burgess 1860 worked example","engine_version":"4.0 (Pūrṇa — Burgess text, 2026-09-26)","tradition_sources":"Sūrya Siddhānta Ch. I-III, tr. E. Burgess (JAOS 6, 1860)","input":{"year":-444,"month":5,"day":5,"hour":5.052266666666667,"minute":20.894,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1559011.725021,"ahargana":970546.225,"kali_year":2658,"ayanamsa":-14.1428,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":53.8422,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":336.0461,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.428},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":293.9768,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":38.0648,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":17.3972,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":79.5558,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":53.9505,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":235.7904,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":55.7904,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta (Burgess 1860 text, no bīja): Sun and Moon by the equation of the apsis with the 24-sine table","engine_version":"3.0 (text of the Sūrya Siddhānta)","accuracy_note":"Siddhāntic places, not the observed sky. Against the observed sky 1900-2030 the Moon averages -0.06 deg (max 3.6 deg), the Sun -0.21 deg (max 0.6 deg).","tradition_chain":"Sūrya Siddhānta, tr. E. Burgess (JAOS 6, 1860): I.29-47, II.15-45","input":{"year":-444,"month":5,"day":5,"hour":5.052266666666667,"minute":20.894,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1559011.725021,"kali_year":2658,"ahargana":970546.225,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":53.8422,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":336.0461,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":24,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Navamī","elongation_degrees":282.2039,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.2039},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":336.0461,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.7128},"yoga":{"number":3,"name":"Āyuṣmān","sum_longitude":29.8883},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":47,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.428,"elongation":77.796},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.428,"opposition_distance":102.204}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":6,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.469,"elongation":1.92}]},"city":{"slug":"mathura","name":"Mathurā","lat":27.4924,"lon":77.6737,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"mathura","name":"Mathurā","lat":27.4924,"lon":77.6737,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"05:51","sunsetLocal":"18:55","solarNoonLocal":"12:23","dayLengthHours":13.073034608736634,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 04 Mins 23 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 55 Mins 37 Secs","moonriseLocal":"01:40","moonsetLocal":"13:22","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"07:29","end":"09:07","startHours":7.482370262267068,"endHours":9.116499588359147},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:45","end":"12:23","startHours":10.750628914451227,"endHours":12.384758240543306},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"14:01","end":"15:39","startHours":14.018887566635385,"endHours":15.653016892727464},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:57","end":"12:49","startHours":11.95,"endHours":12.816666666666666},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:23","end":"05:07","startHours":4.383333333333334,"endHours":5.116666666666666},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:49","end":"19:01","startHours":18.816666666666666,"endHours":19.016666666666666},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśītha","start":"00:01","end":"00:44","startHours":24.016666666666666,"endHours":24.733333333333334},"sourcedMuhurtas":{"success":true,"date":"-444-05-05","sunrise":"05:51","sunset":"18:55","timezone":"UTC+5.5","calculation_method":"surya_siddhanta (II.59-63, II.46)","rahu_kalam":{"name":"Rāhu Kālam","sanskrit":"राहु काल","start":"07:29","end":"09:07","duration_minutes":98,"rule":"part 2 of the day's 8 (Sun 8, Mon 2, Tue 7, Wed 5, Thu 6, Fri 4, Sat 3)","source":"South Indian almanac table (Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala); no verse found in BPHS, Bṛhatsaṃhitā, Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Muhūrta-mārtaṇḍa, Nārada-saṃhitā, Phaladīpikā, Dharmasindhu, Nirṇayasindhu or Praśna-mārga","sources_say":["Uttara-kālāmṛta 2.29 (post-16th century; read in P. S. Sastri's English): not to bathe in the sea during it. The editor: \"Standard texts have no mention of it.\""],"evidence":"regional convention"},"yamaganda_kalam":{"name":"Yamaghaṇṭaka (Yamagaṇḍa) Kālam","sanskrit":"यमघण्टक","start":"10:45","end":"12:23","duration_minutes":98,"rule":"Jupiter's eighth of the day: part 4 of 8, counted from Moon","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 33: listed with Ardhapraharam and Kālan as periods to be set aside","Phaladīpikā 25.19-20 (as a natal upagraha): Yamakaṇṭaka acts like Jupiter, the strongest of the upagrahas at giving good","Muhūrtacintāmaṇi 1.37-39 counts a Yamaghaṇṭa among the faulty moments (duṣṭakṣaṇa), in sixteenths of the day: the second half of this eighth"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},"gulika_kalam":{"name":"Gulika Kālam","sanskrit":"गुलिक","start":"14:01","end":"15:39","duration_minutes":98,"rule":"Saturn's eighth of the day: part 6 of 8, counted from Moon","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 34 (tr. N. P. Subramania Iyer, 1917): for harvest, trade, medical treatment and the study of the Vedas \"Gulika has no evil force\"; ch. 33 note: \"Gulika is not considered inauspicious\"","Phaladīpikā 25.20 (as a natal upagraha): Gulika acts like Saturn"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},"brahma_muhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","sanskrit":"ब्रह्म मुहूर्त","start":"04:23","end":"05:07","duration_minutes":43.7,"rule":"the 14th fifteenth of the night ending at this sunrise","source":"Manusmṛti 4.92; Aṣṭāṅgahṛdaya Sūtra 2.1, with Aruṇadatta and Hemādri","sources_say":["Manusmṛti 4.92: \"brāhme muhūrte budhyeta\" (one should wake in the brāhma muhūrta and reflect on dharma and the Veda)","Aṣṭāṅgahṛdaya Sūtra 2.1: \"brāhme muhūrta uttiṣṭhet svastho rakṣārtham āyuṣaḥ\" (the healthy should rise then, to protect life)","Aruṇadatta: \"rātreś caturdaśo muhūrto brāhmo muhūrtaḥ\"; Hemādri: \"rātreś copāntyo muhūrto brāhmaḥ\" (wording through a journal article)"],"evidence":"secondary","note":"Manu and Vāgbhaṭa name it; the 14th of the night is the commentators' definition"},"abhijit_muhurta":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","sanskrit":"अभिजित् मुहूर्त","start":"11:57","end":"12:49","duration_minutes":52.3,"rule":"the 8th fifteenth of the day, around midday","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.7-8; Muhūrta-gaṇapati 83-86; Nārada-saṃhitā 9.4-5","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.8: \"tena yānam apahāya dakṣiṇāṃ sarvadikṣv abhijit praśasyate\" (under Abhijit, travel in every direction but the south is praised)","Muhūrta-gaṇapati 83-84: in Abhijit, even where faults exist, one may do all auspicious work except travel to the south","Vālmīki-Rāmāyaṇa 6.4.3 calls the midday muhūrta Vijaya (\"yukto muhūrto vijayaḥ prāpto madhyaṃ divākaraḥ\")"],"evidence":"verse read"},"nishitha":{"name":"Niśītha","sanskrit":"निशीथ","start":"00:01","end":"00:44","duration_minutes":43.7,"rule":"the 8th fifteenth of the night: the middle of the night (not clock midnight)","source":"Dharmasindhu; Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Yātrā 11.54","sources_say":["Dharmasindhu: niśītha is the middle of the night, finely the 8th muhūrta; the instant at which a tithi is taken for night observances","Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Yātrā 11.54: for travel, niśītha except toward the north"],"evidence":"verse read (OCR)"},"godhuli":{"name":"Godhūli","sanskrit":"गोधूलि","start":"18:49","end":"19:01","duration_minutes":12,"rule":"15 pala before and after the half-set Sun (the text's sunset is the Sun's centre on the horizon)","source":"Muhūrta-mārtaṇḍa, Vivāha 38 (citing the Jyotirnibandha); Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Vivāha 6.100-101","sources_say":["Muhūrtacintāmaṇi 6.100: \"godhūliḥ sā munibhir uditā sarvakāryeṣu praśastā\" (the sages declared godhūli praised for all works)","Muhūrta-mārtaṇḍa, Vivāha 38: a lagna for marriage when no other good lagna is available","Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Yātrā 11.54: for travel, godhūli except toward the west"],"evidence":"verse read (OCR)","note":"MC 6.101 places the instant by season (in hemanta the rayless disk, in the hot season the half-set Sun, in the rains the Sun fully set); the half-set form is given"},"kala_vela":{"day":[{"name":"Gulika (day)","sanskrit":"गुलिक","start":"14:01","end":"15:39","duration_minutes":98,"rule":"Saturn's eighth of the day: part 6 of 8, counted from Moon","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 34 (tr. N. P. Subramania Iyer, 1917): for harvest, trade, medical treatment and the study of the Vedas \"Gulika has no evil force\"; ch. 33 note: \"Gulika is not considered inauspicious\"","Phaladīpikā 25.20 (as a natal upagraha): Gulika acts like Saturn"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Yamaghaṇṭaka (day)","sanskrit":"यमघण्टक","start":"10:45","end":"12:23","duration_minutes":98,"rule":"Jupiter's eighth of the day: part 4 of 8, counted from Moon","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 33: listed with Ardhapraharam and Kālan as periods to be set aside","Phaladīpikā 25.19-20 (as a natal upagraha): Yamakaṇṭaka acts like Jupiter, the strongest of the upagrahas at giving good","Muhūrtacintāmaṇi 1.37-39 counts a Yamaghaṇṭa among the faulty moments (duṣṭakṣaṇa), in sixteenths of the day: the second half of this eighth"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Kāla (day)","sanskrit":"काल","start":"15:39","end":"17:17","duration_minutes":98,"rule":"Sun's eighth of the day: part 7 of 8, counted from Moon","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 33: Kālan, to be set aside","Phaladīpikā 25.20: acts like Rāhu"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Mṛtyu (day)","sanskrit":"मृत्यु","start":"07:29","end":"09:07","duration_minutes":98,"rule":"Mars's eighth of the day: part 2 of 8, counted from Moon","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Ardhaprahara (day)","sanskrit":"अर्धप्रहर","start":"09:07","end":"10:45","duration_minutes":98,"rule":"Mercury's eighth of the day: part 3 of 8, counted from Moon","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 33: Ardhapraharam, to be set aside","Phaladīpikā 25.20: acts like Mercury"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"}],"night":[{"name":"Gulika (night)","sanskrit":"गुलिक","start":"20:17","end":"21:39","duration_minutes":81.8,"rule":"Saturn's eighth of the night: part 2 of 8, counted from Venus","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 34 (tr. N. P. Subramania Iyer, 1917): for harvest, trade, medical treatment and the study of the Vedas \"Gulika has no evil force\"; ch. 33 note: \"Gulika is not considered inauspicious\"","Phaladīpikā 25.20 (as a natal upagraha): Gulika acts like Saturn"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Yamaghaṇṭaka (night)","sanskrit":"यमघण्टक","start":"03:06","end":"04:28","duration_minutes":81.8,"rule":"Jupiter's eighth of the night: part 7 of 8, counted from Venus","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 33: listed with Ardhapraharam and Kālan as periods to be set aside","Phaladīpikā 25.19-20 (as a natal upagraha): Yamakaṇṭaka acts like Jupiter, the strongest of the upagrahas at giving good","Muhūrtacintāmaṇi 1.37-39 counts a Yamaghaṇṭa among the faulty moments (duṣṭakṣaṇa), in sixteenths of the day: the second half of this eighth"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Kāla (night)","sanskrit":"काल","start":"21:39","end":"23:01","duration_minutes":81.8,"rule":"Sun's eighth of the night: part 3 of 8, counted from Venus","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 33: Kālan, to be set aside","Phaladīpikā 25.20: acts like Rāhu"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Mṛtyu (night)","sanskrit":"मृत्यु","start":"00:23","end":"01:45","duration_minutes":81.8,"rule":"Mars's eighth of the night: part 5 of 8, counted from Venus","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Ardhaprahara (night)","sanskrit":"अर्धप्रहर","start":"01:45","end":"03:06","duration_minutes":81.8,"rule":"Mercury's eighth of the night: part 6 of 8, counted from Venus","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 33: Ardhapraharam, to be set aside","Phaladīpikā 25.20: acts like Mercury"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"}]},"day_muhurtas":[{"name":"Śiva","sanskrit":"शिव","deity":"Śiva","start":"05:51","end":"06:43","duration_minutes":52.3,"rule":"the 1th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Bhujaga","sanskrit":"भुजग","deity":"Bhujaga","start":"06:43","end":"07:35","duration_minutes":52.3,"rule":"the 2th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Mitra","sanskrit":"मित्र","deity":"Mitra","start":"07:35","end":"08:28","duration_minutes":52.3,"rule":"the 3th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Pitṛ","sanskrit":"पितृ","deity":"Pitṛ","start":"08:28","end":"09:20","duration_minutes":52.3,"rule":"the 4th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Vasu","sanskrit":"वसु","deity":"Vasu","start":"09:20","end":"10:12","duration_minutes":52.3,"rule":"the 5th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Jala","sanskrit":"जल","deity":"Jala","start":"10:12","end":"11:05","duration_minutes":52.3,"rule":"the 6th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Viśva","sanskrit":"विश्व","deity":"Viśva","start":"11:05","end":"11:57","duration_minutes":52.3,"rule":"the 7th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Viriñci (Abhijit)","sanskrit":"विरिञ्चि","deity":"Viriñci (Abhijit)","start":"11:57","end":"12:49","duration_minutes":52.3,"rule":"the 8th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Paṅkajaprabhava (Brahmā)","sanskrit":"पङ्कजप्रभव","deity":"Paṅkajaprabhava (Brahmā)","start":"12:49","end":"13:42","duration_minutes":52.3,"rule":"the 9th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Indra","sanskrit":"इन्द्र","deity":"Indra","start":"13:42","end":"14:34","duration_minutes":52.3,"rule":"the 10th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Indrāgnī","sanskrit":"इन्द्राग्नी","deity":"Indrāgnī","start":"14:34","end":"15:26","duration_minutes":52.3,"rule":"the 11th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Niśācara","sanskrit":"निशाचर","deity":"Niśācara","start":"15:26","end":"16:18","duration_minutes":52.3,"rule":"the 12th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Varuṇa","sanskrit":"वरुण","deity":"Varuṇa","start":"16:18","end":"17:11","duration_minutes":52.3,"rule":"the 13th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Aryaman","sanskrit":"अर्यमन्","deity":"Aryaman","start":"17:11","end":"18:03","duration_minutes":52.3,"rule":"the 14th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Yoni (Bhaga)","sanskrit":"योनि","deity":"Yoni (Bhaga)","start":"18:03","end":"18:55","duration_minutes":52.3,"rule":"the 15th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"}],"night_muhurtas":[{"name":"Rudra","sanskrit":"रुद्र","deity":"Rudra","start":"18:55","end":"19:39","duration_minutes":43.7,"rule":"the 1th fifteenth of the 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read"},{"name":"Pūṣan","sanskrit":"पूषन्","deity":"Pūṣan","start":"21:06","end":"21:50","duration_minutes":43.7,"rule":"the 4th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Dasra","sanskrit":"दस्र","deity":"Dasra","start":"21:50","end":"22:34","duration_minutes":43.7,"rule":"the 5th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Antaka","sanskrit":"अन्तक","deity":"Antaka","start":"22:34","end":"23:17","duration_minutes":43.7,"rule":"the 6th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Agni","sanskrit":"अग्नि","deity":"Agni","start":"23:17","end":"00:01","duration_minutes":43.7,"rule":"the 7th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Dhātṛ","sanskrit":"धातृ","deity":"Dhātṛ","start":"00:01","end":"00:44","duration_minutes":43.7,"rule":"the 8th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Indu","sanskrit":"इन्दु","deity":"Indu","start":"00:44","end":"01:28","duration_minutes":43.7,"rule":"the 9th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Aditi","sanskrit":"अदिति","deity":"Aditi","start":"01:28","end":"02:12","duration_minutes":43.7,"rule":"the 10th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Guru","sanskrit":"गुरु","deity":"Guru","start":"02:12","end":"02:55","duration_minutes":43.7,"rule":"the 11th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Hari","sanskrit":"हरि","deity":"Hari","start":"02:55","end":"03:39","duration_minutes":43.7,"rule":"the 12th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Ravi","sanskrit":"रवि","deity":"Ravi","start":"03:39","end":"04:23","duration_minutes":43.7,"rule":"the 13th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Tvaṣṭṛ","sanskrit":"त्वष्टृ","deity":"Tvaṣṭṛ","start":"04:23","end":"05:06","duration_minutes":43.7,"rule":"the 14th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Anila","sanskrit":"अनिल","deity":"Anila","start":"05:06","end":"05:50","duration_minutes":43.7,"rule":"the 15th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"}],"vara_lord":"Chandra","vara_sanskrit":"सोमवार","not_computed":[{"name":"Vijaya muhūrta as \"the second half of the 7th muhūrta\"","reason":"no source; Rāmāyaṇa 6.4.3 calls the midday muhūrta Vijaya (see Abhijit)"},{"name":"Amṛta kāla by weekday","reason":"no source for a weekday table; the amṛta-ghaṭikā of the sources is by nakṣatra and is not yet read from a primary text"},{"name":"Durmuhūrta (Muhūrtacintāmaṇi 1.38-39)","reason":"the weekday table is partly unreadable in the scans (Tuesday and Thursday)"}],"sources":"docs/MUHURTA_SOURCES.md"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"05:51","end":"07:29","startHours":5.848240936174989,"endHours":7.482370262267068},{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:29","end":"09:07","startHours":7.482370262267068,"endHours":9.116499588359147},{"name":"Śubha","start":"09:07","end":"10:45","startHours":9.116499588359147,"endHours":10.750628914451227},{"name":"Roga","start":"10:45","end":"12:23","startHours":10.750628914451227,"endHours":12.384758240543306},{"name":"Udvega","start":"12:23","end":"14:01","startHours":12.384758240543306,"endHours":14.018887566635385},{"name":"Cara","start":"14:01","end":"15:39","startHours":14.018887566635385,"endHours":15.653016892727464},{"name":"Lābha","start":"15:39","end":"17:17","startHours":15.653016892727464,"endHours":17.287146218819544},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:17","end":"18:55","startHours":17.287146218819544,"endHours":18.921275544911623}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Cara","start":"18:55","end":"20:17","startHours":18.921275544911623,"endHours":20.287146218819544},{"name":"Lābha","start":"20:17","end":"21:39","startHours":20.287146218819544,"endHours":21.653016892727464},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:39","end":"23:01","startHours":21.653016892727464,"endHours":23.018887566635385},{"name":"Kāla","start":"23:01","end":"00:23","startHours":23.018887566635385,"endHours":24.384758240543306},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:23","end":"01:45","startHours":24.384758240543306,"endHours":25.750628914451227},{"name":"Roga","start":"01:45","end":"03:07","startHours":25.750628914451227,"endHours":27.116499588359147},{"name":"Udvega","start":"03:07","end":"04:29","startHours":27.116499588359147,"endHours":28.482370262267068},{"name":"Cara","start":"04:29","end":"05:51","startHours":28.482370262267068,"endHours":29.84824093617499}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:51","end":"06:51","startHours":5.848240936174989,"endHours":6.848240936174989,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:51","end":"07:51","startHours":6.848240936174989,"endHours":7.848240936174989,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:51","end":"08:51","startHours":7.848240936174989,"endHours":8.848240936174989,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:51","end":"09:51","startHours":8.848240936174989,"endHours":9.848240936174989,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:51","end":"10:51","startHours":9.848240936174989,"endHours":10.848240936174989,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:51","end":"11:51","startHours":10.848240936174989,"endHours":11.848240936174989,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:51","end":"12:51","startHours":11.848240936174989,"endHours":12.848240936174989,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:51","end":"13:51","startHours":12.848240936174989,"endHours":13.848240936174989,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:51","end":"14:51","startHours":13.848240936174989,"endHours":14.848240936174989,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:51","end":"15:51","startHours":14.848240936174989,"endHours":15.848240936174989,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:51","end":"16:51","startHours":15.848240936174989,"endHours":16.84824093617499,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:51","end":"17:51","startHours":16.84824093617499,"endHours":17.84824093617499,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:51","end":"18:51","startHours":17.84824093617499,"endHours":18.84824093617499,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:51","end":"19:51","startHours":18.84824093617499,"endHours":19.84824093617499,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:51","end":"20:51","startHours":19.84824093617499,"endHours":20.84824093617499,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:51","end":"21:51","startHours":20.84824093617499,"endHours":21.84824093617499,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:51","end":"22:51","startHours":21.84824093617499,"endHours":22.84824093617499,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:51","end":"23:51","startHours":22.84824093617499,"endHours":23.84824093617499,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:51","end":"00:51","startHours":23.84824093617499,"endHours":24.84824093617499,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:51","end":"01:51","startHours":24.84824093617499,"endHours":25.84824093617499,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:51","end":"02:51","startHours":25.84824093617499,"endHours":26.84824093617499,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:51","end":"03:51","startHours":26.84824093617499,"endHours":27.84824093617499,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:51","end":"04:51","startHours":27.84824093617499,"endHours":28.84824093617499,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:51","end":"05:51","startHours":28.84824093617499,"endHours":29.84824093617499,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"day_star":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","by_tara":[{"number":1,"name":"Janma","janma_stars":["Puṣya","Anurādhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"]},{"number":2,"name":"Sampat","janma_stars":["Punarvasu","Viśākhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"]},{"number":3,"name":"Vipat","janma_stars":["Ārdrā","Svātī","Śatabhiṣaj"]},{"number":4,"name":"Kṣema","janma_stars":["Mṛgaśirā","Citrā","Dhaniṣṭhā"]},{"number":5,"name":"Pratyari","janma_stars":["Rohiṇī","Hasta","Śravaṇa"]},{"number":6,"name":"Sādhaka","janma_stars":["Kṛttikā","Uttara Phalgunī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā"]},{"number":7,"name":"Vadha","janma_stars":["Bharaṇī","Pūrva Phalgunī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā"]},{"number":8,"name":"Maitra","janma_stars":["Aśvinī","Maghā","Mūla"]},{"number":9,"name":"Atimaitra","janma_stars":["Aśleṣā","Jyeṣṭhā","Revatī"]}],"rule":"Counted from the janma star to the day's star, in three rounds of nine","source":"Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Gocara 11-12","sources_say":"\"tārā nāmasadṛkphalāḥ\": each tārā gives fruit like its name (v.12)"},"chandraBala":{"moon_rashi":"Mīna","rows":[{"janma_rashi":"Meṣa","house":12,"place":null,"vedha_from_house":null,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Vṛṣabha","house":11,"place":"v.1","vedha_from_house":8,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Mithuna","house":10,"place":"v.1","vedha_from_house":4,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Karka","house":9,"place":null,"vedha_from_house":null,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Siṃha","house":8,"place":null,"vedha_from_house":null,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Kanyā","house":7,"place":"v.1","vedha_from_house":2,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Tulā","house":6,"place":"v.1","vedha_from_house":12,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Vṛścika","house":5,"place":null,"vedha_from_house":null,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Dhanu","house":4,"place":null,"vedha_from_house":null,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Makara","house":3,"place":"v.1","vedha_from_house":9,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Kumbha","house":2,"place":null,"vedha_from_house":null,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Mīna","house":1,"place":"v.1","vedha_from_house":5,"vedha_by":[]}],"rule":"The Moon's house counted from the janma rāśi; the places of v.1 with their vedha houses, and in the bright half those of v.4","source":"Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Gocara 1-4","not_computed":"the vedha of the v.4 places (the ṭīkā gives 6, 8, 4; not checked against a second edition)"},"dishaShool":"East","dishaShoolSource":"Nārada-saṃhitā 33.5 (and Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Yātrā 10): \"na vrajet\", one should not set out that way on that weekday","chandraVasa":"North","chandraVasaSource":"Nārada-saṃhitā 33.8: the rāśis from Meṣa in turn to the four quarters from the east; the Moon dwells in her rāśi's quarter","rahuVasa":null,"rahuVasaNotComputed":"Rāhu-vāsa by weekday: no classical verse found (Muhūrtacintāmaṇi has only the nakṣatra-based Pathi-Rāhu-cakra, Yātrā 18); an almanac convention, not shown","anandadiYoga":{"number":23,"name":"Gada","star":"Uttara-Bhādrapadā","counted_from":"Mṛgaśiras","excluded_ghatis":7,"rule":"Counted from the weekday's star to the day's star, Abhijit included (28)","source":"Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Śubhāśubha 23-26; Abhijit by Vivāha 55"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta: sunrise and sunset II.59-63 with II.46; ayanāṃśa III.9-10; obliquity 24°","declination":15.118223444458653,"eotMinutes":-3.5887659941175345,"ayanamsa":-14.142783265483207}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":-387,"saka_samvat":-522,"bengali_samvat":-1037,"malayalam_era":-1269,"nanakshahi_year":-1912,"lunar_month":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Jyeṣṭha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_amanta":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Vṛṣabha (Vaikāsi)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Jyeṣṭha Kṛṣṇa Navamī · Vikram -387 undefined · Śaka -522 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walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":true,"location_specific":"mathura"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga May 5, 445 BCE · Mathurā · Vidhyamitra","description":"May 5, 445 BCE for Mathurā: Kṛṣṇa Navamī, sūryodaya 05:51, sūryāsta 18:55.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/-0444-05-05","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/-0444-05-05","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/-0444-05-05","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/-0444-05-05","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/-0444-05-05"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-10-11T03:49:47.735Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Sūrya Siddhānta: sunrise II.59-63, declination II.28, apparent time II.46, ayanāṃśa III.9-10","retrieved_at":"2026-10-11T03:49:47.735Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-10-11T03:49:47.735Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}