{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:mathura:-0443-04-12:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/-0443-04-12","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"-0443-04-12","date_display":"April 12, 444 BCE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":-443,"month":4,"day":12,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1559353.770833,"kali_year":2659,"ahargana":970888.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":31.7405,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":169.2607,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":12,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":137.5203,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.5203},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3,"moon_longitude":169.2607,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.2607},"yoga":{"number":16,"name":"Siddhi","sum_longitude":201.0012},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":22,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":-443,"month":4,"day":12,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1559353.770833,"ahargana":970888.2708,"kali_year":2659,"ayanamsa_lahiri":-10.27,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":31.7405,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":169.2607,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.3639},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":70.9912,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":15.2589,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":32.8636,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":355.6932,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":61.7861,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":217.6672,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":37.6672,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":-443,"month":4,"day":12,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1559353.770833,"kali_year":2659,"ahargana":970888.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":31.7405,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":169.2607,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":12,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":137.5203,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.5203},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3,"moon_longitude":169.2607,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.2607},"yoga":{"number":16,"name":"Siddhi","sum_longitude":201.0012},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":22,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.364,"elongation":137.52},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.364,"opposition_distance":42.48}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"mathura","name":"Mathurā","lat":27.4924,"lon":77.6737,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"mathura","name":"Mathurā","lat":27.4924,"lon":77.6737,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"05:59","sunsetLocal":"18:42","solarNoonLocal":"12:20","dayLengthHours":12.712570923698797,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 42 Mins 45 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 17 Mins 15 Secs","moonriseLocal":"15:11","moonsetLocal":"03:50","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:06","end":"18:42","startHours":17.10635911571274,"endHours":18.695430481175087,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:20","end":"13:56","startHours":12.339145019325688,"endHours":13.928216384788039,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:31","end":"17:06","startHours":15.517287750250388,"endHours":17.10635911571274,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:57","end":"09:22","startHours":8.949126106339342,"endHours":9.372878470462636,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:31","end":"06:51","startHours":6.512550012630407,"endHours":6.851551903929042,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:55","end":"12:46","startHours":11.915392655202394,"endHours":12.762897383448982,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:17","end":"05:08","startHours":4.287850100983118,"endHours":5.135354829229704,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:55","end":"05:59","startHours":4.923478647168057,"endHours":5.98285955747629,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:27","end":"15:18","startHours":14.457906839942156,"endHours":15.305411568188743,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:30","end":"18:54","startHours":18.495430481175088,"endHours":18.895430481175087,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:42","end":"19:14","startHours":18.695430481175087,"endHours":19.225120936329205,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:27","end":"20:12","startHours":18.445430481175087,"endHours":20.195430481175087,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:55","end":"00:46","startHours":23.915392655202396,"endHours":24.76289738344898,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:59","end":"07:34","startHours":5.98285955747629,"endHours":7.57193092293864,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:34","end":"09:10","startHours":7.57193092293864,"endHours":9.16100228840099,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:10","end":"10:45","startHours":9.16100228840099,"endHours":10.750073653863339,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:45","end":"12:20","startHours":10.750073653863339,"endHours":12.339145019325688,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:20","end":"13:56","startHours":12.339145019325688,"endHours":13.928216384788039,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:56","end":"15:31","startHours":13.928216384788039,"endHours":15.517287750250388,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:31","end":"17:06","startHours":15.517287750250388,"endHours":17.10635911571274,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:06","end":"18:42","startHours":17.10635911571274,"endHours":18.695430481175087,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:42","end":"20:06","startHours":18.695430481175087,"endHours":20.10635911571274,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:06","end":"21:31","startHours":20.10635911571274,"endHours":21.51728775025039,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:31","end":"22:56","startHours":21.51728775025039,"endHours":22.928216384788037,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:56","end":"00:20","startHours":22.928216384788037,"endHours":24.339145019325688,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:20","end":"01:45","startHours":24.339145019325688,"endHours":25.75007365386334,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:45","end":"03:10","startHours":25.75007365386334,"endHours":27.16100228840099,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:10","end":"04:34","startHours":27.16100228840099,"endHours":28.57193092293864,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:34","end":"05:59","startHours":28.57193092293864,"endHours":29.98285955747629,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:59","end":"06:59","startHours":5.98285955747629,"endHours":6.98285955747629,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:59","end":"07:59","startHours":6.98285955747629,"endHours":7.98285955747629,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:59","end":"08:59","startHours":7.98285955747629,"endHours":8.98285955747629,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:59","end":"09:59","startHours":8.98285955747629,"endHours":9.98285955747629,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:59","end":"10:59","startHours":9.98285955747629,"endHours":10.98285955747629,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:59","end":"11:59","startHours":10.98285955747629,"endHours":11.98285955747629,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:59","end":"12:59","startHours":11.98285955747629,"endHours":12.98285955747629,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:59","end":"13:59","startHours":12.98285955747629,"endHours":13.98285955747629,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:59","end":"14:59","startHours":13.98285955747629,"endHours":14.98285955747629,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:59","end":"15:59","startHours":14.98285955747629,"endHours":15.98285955747629,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:59","end":"16:59","startHours":15.98285955747629,"endHours":16.98285955747629,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:59","end":"17:59","startHours":16.98285955747629,"endHours":17.98285955747629,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:59","end":"18:59","startHours":17.98285955747629,"endHours":18.98285955747629,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:59","end":"19:59","startHours":18.98285955747629,"endHours":19.98285955747629,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:59","end":"20:59","startHours":19.98285955747629,"endHours":20.98285955747629,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:59","end":"21:59","startHours":20.98285955747629,"endHours":21.98285955747629,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:59","end":"22:59","startHours":21.98285955747629,"endHours":22.98285955747629,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:59","end":"23:59","startHours":22.98285955747629,"endHours":23.98285955747629,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:59","end":"00:59","startHours":23.98285955747629,"endHours":24.98285955747629,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:59","end":"01:59","startHours":24.98285955747629,"endHours":25.98285955747629,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:59","end":"02:59","startHours":25.98285955747629,"endHours":26.98285955747629,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:59","end":"03:59","startHours":26.98285955747629,"endHours":27.98285955747629,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:59","end":"04:59","startHours":27.98285955747629,"endHours":28.98285955747629,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:59","end":"05:59","startHours":28.98285955747629,"endHours":29.98285955747629,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"North-West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mānasa","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":8.370802476356161,"eotMinutes":-1.043501159541278,"ayanamsa":-10.27}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":-386,"saka_samvat":-521,"bengali_samvat":-1036,"malayalam_era":-1267,"nanakshahi_year":-1912,"lunar_month":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Jyeṣṭha Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_amanta":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Vṛṣabha (Vaikāsi)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Jyeṣṭha Śukla Dvādaśī · Vikram -386 undefined · Śaka -521 undefined"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":true,"location_specific":"mathura"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 12, 444 BCE · Mathurā · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 12, 444 BCE for Mathurā: Śukla Dvādaśī, sūryodaya 05:59, sūryāsta 18:42.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/-0443-04-12","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/-0443-04-12","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/-0443-04-12","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/-0443-04-12","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/-0443-04-12"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-08-10T14:03:09.953Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-08-10T14:03:09.953Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-08-10T14:03:09.953Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","reader-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}