{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:mathura:-0443-03-23:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/-0443-03-23","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"-0443-03-23","date_display":"March 23, 444 BCE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":-443,"month":3,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1559333.770833,"kali_year":2659,"ahargana":970868.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":12.4844,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":261.2518,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":21,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":248.7674,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.7674},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":261.2518,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.9184},"yoga":{"number":21,"name":"Siddha","sum_longitude":273.7361},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":41,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":-443,"month":3,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1559333.770833,"ahargana":970868.2708,"kali_year":2659,"ayanamsa_lahiri":-10.2707,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":12.4844,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":261.2518,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.0399},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":56.8105,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":24.8571,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":28.4392,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":331.2996,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":59.4696,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":218.7269,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":38.7269,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":-443,"month":3,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"julian"},"julian_day":1559333.770833,"kali_year":2659,"ahargana":970868.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":12.4844,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":261.2518,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":21,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":248.7674,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.7674},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":261.2518,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.9184},"yoga":{"number":21,"name":"Siddha","sum_longitude":273.7361},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":41,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.04,"elongation":111.233},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.04,"opposition_distance":68.767}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"mathura","name":"Mathurā","lat":27.4924,"lon":77.6737,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"mathura","name":"Mathurā","lat":27.4924,"lon":77.6737,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"06:21","sunsetLocal":"18:32","solarNoonLocal":"12:27","dayLengthHours":12.186318788570532,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 11 Mins 11 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 48 Mins 49 Secs","moonriseLocal":"23:47","moonsetLocal":"10:16","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"07:52","end":"09:24","startHours":7.8721331722320835,"endHours":9.395423020803399,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:55","end":"12:27","startHours":10.918712869374716,"endHours":12.442002717946032,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"13:58","end":"15:29","startHours":13.965292566517348,"endHours":15.488582415088665,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:12","end":"09:36","startHours":9.192317707660557,"endHours":9.598528333946241,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:51","end":"07:11","startHours":6.856606606517873,"endHours":7.18157510754642,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:02","end":"12:51","startHours":12.035792091660348,"endHours":12.848213344231716,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:43","end":"05:32","startHours":4.7240008185180296,"endHours":5.536422071089398,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:20","end":"06:21","startHours":5.333316757946556,"endHours":6.348843323660767,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:28","end":"15:17","startHours":14.473055849374454,"endHours":15.285477101945823,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:20","end":"18:44","startHours":18.3351621122313,"endHours":18.735162112231297,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:32","end":"19:03","startHours":18.535162112231298,"endHours":19.042925395088403,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:17","end":"20:02","startHours":18.285162112231298,"endHours":20.035162112231298,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:02","end":"00:51","startHours":24.035792091660348,"endHours":24.848213344231716,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:21","end":"07:52","startHours":6.348843323660767,"endHours":7.8721331722320835,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:52","end":"09:24","startHours":7.8721331722320835,"endHours":9.395423020803399,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"09:24","end":"10:55","startHours":9.395423020803399,"endHours":10.918712869374716,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"10:55","end":"12:27","startHours":10.918712869374716,"endHours":12.442002717946032,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:27","end":"13:58","startHours":12.442002717946032,"endHours":13.965292566517348,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"13:58","end":"15:29","startHours":13.965292566517348,"endHours":15.488582415088665,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"15:29","end":"17:01","startHours":15.488582415088665,"endHours":17.01187226365998,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:01","end":"18:32","startHours":17.01187226365998,"endHours":18.535162112231298,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"18:32","end":"20:01","startHours":18.535162112231298,"endHours":20.01187226365998,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"20:01","end":"21:29","startHours":20.01187226365998,"endHours":21.488582415088665,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:29","end":"22:58","startHours":21.488582415088665,"endHours":22.96529256651735,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"22:58","end":"00:27","startHours":22.96529256651735,"endHours":24.442002717946032,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:27","end":"01:55","startHours":24.442002717946032,"endHours":25.918712869374716,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"01:55","end":"03:24","startHours":25.918712869374716,"endHours":27.3954230208034,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:24","end":"04:52","startHours":27.3954230208034,"endHours":28.872133172232083,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"04:52","end":"06:21","startHours":28.872133172232083,"endHours":30.348843323660766,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:21","end":"07:21","startHours":6.348843323660767,"endHours":7.348843323660767,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:21","end":"08:21","startHours":7.348843323660767,"endHours":8.348843323660766,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:21","end":"09:21","startHours":8.348843323660766,"endHours":9.348843323660766,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:21","end":"10:21","startHours":9.348843323660766,"endHours":10.348843323660766,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:21","end":"11:21","startHours":10.348843323660766,"endHours":11.348843323660766,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:21","end":"12:21","startHours":11.348843323660766,"endHours":12.348843323660766,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:21","end":"13:21","startHours":12.348843323660766,"endHours":13.348843323660766,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:21","end":"14:21","startHours":13.348843323660766,"endHours":14.348843323660766,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:21","end":"15:21","startHours":14.348843323660766,"endHours":15.348843323660766,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:21","end":"16:21","startHours":15.348843323660766,"endHours":16.348843323660766,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:21","end":"17:21","startHours":16.348843323660766,"endHours":17.348843323660766,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:21","end":"18:21","startHours":17.348843323660766,"endHours":18.348843323660766,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:21","end":"19:21","startHours":18.348843323660766,"endHours":19.348843323660766,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:21","end":"20:21","startHours":19.348843323660766,"endHours":20.348843323660766,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:21","end":"21:21","startHours":20.348843323660766,"endHours":21.348843323660766,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:21","end":"22:21","startHours":21.348843323660766,"endHours":22.348843323660766,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:21","end":"23:21","startHours":22.348843323660766,"endHours":23.348843323660766,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:21","end":"00:21","startHours":23.348843323660766,"endHours":24.348843323660766,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:21","end":"01:21","startHours":24.348843323660766,"endHours":25.348843323660766,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:21","end":"02:21","startHours":25.348843323660766,"endHours":26.348843323660766,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:21","end":"03:21","startHours":26.348843323660766,"endHours":27.348843323660766,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:21","end":"04:21","startHours":27.348843323660766,"endHours":28.348843323660766,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:21","end":"05:21","startHours":28.348843323660766,"endHours":29.348843323660766,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:21","end":"06:21","startHours":29.348843323660766,"endHours":30.348843323660766,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mātaṇga","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":0.8802759420091809,"eotMinutes":-7.214963076761897,"ayanamsa":-10.2707}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":-386,"saka_samvat":-521,"bengali_samvat":-1036,"malayalam_era":-1267,"nanakshahi_year":-1912,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_amanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī · Vikram -386 undefined · Śaka -521 undefined"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7, 6.34-35.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk","steps":[{"label":"BG 6.5","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/5","purpose":"Lift the self by the Self; begin the walk with inner responsibility."},{"label":"BG 6.6","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/6","purpose":"See the mind as friend when mastered and enemy when unmastered."},{"label":"BG 6.7","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/7","purpose":"Stabilize the conquered mind in heat/cold, honor/dishonor, pleasure/pain."},{"label":"BG 6.34","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/34","purpose":"Name the restless mind honestly before trying to discipline it."},{"label":"BG 6.35","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/35","purpose":"Complete with abhyāsa and vairāgya: practice and detachment."}]},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":true,"location_specific":"mathura"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 23, 444 BCE · Mathurā · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 23, 444 BCE for Mathurā: Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī, sūryodaya 06:21, sūryāsta 18:32.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/-0443-03-23","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/-0443-03-23","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/-0443-03-23","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/-0443-03-23","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/mathura/-0443-03-23"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-08-10T13:25:36.172Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-08-10T13:25:36.172Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-08-10T13:25:36.172Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","reader-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}