{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:madurai:2018-05-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/madurai/2018-05-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2018-05-01","date_display":"May 1, 2018 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2018,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458239.770833,"kali_year":5120,"ahargana":1869774.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.5466,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":210.5196,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":17,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":193.973,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.973},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":210.5196,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.5196},"yoga":{"number":18,"name":"Varīyān","sum_longitude":227.0663},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":32,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2018,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458239.770833,"ahargana":1869774.2708,"kali_year":5120,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.109,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.527220999999997,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":208.455421,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.4293},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":269.0995210000001,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":349.344121,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":205.08792100000005,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":43.35682099999997,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":254.77632100000005,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":110.3611,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Āśleṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":290.3611,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2018,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458239.770833,"kali_year":5120,"ahargana":1869774.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.5466,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":210.5196,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":17,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":193.973,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.973},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":210.5196,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.5196},"yoga":{"number":18,"name":"Varīyān","sum_longitude":227.0663},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":32,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.429,"elongation":166.027},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.429,"opposition_distance":13.973}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"madurai","name":"Madurai, Tamil Nadu","lat":9.9252,"lon":78.1198,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"madurai","name":"Madurai, Tamil Nadu","lat":9.9252,"lon":78.1198,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:00","sunsetLocal":"18:29","solarNoonLocal":"12:15","dayLengthHours":12.475529843783951,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 28 Mins 32 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 31 Mins 28 Secs","moonriseLocal":"19:13","moonsetLocal":"06:51","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:22","end":"16:55","startHours":15.362262338796542,"endHours":16.92170356926954,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:07","end":"10:41","startHours":9.124497416904568,"endHours":10.68393864737756,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:15","end":"13:48","startHours":12.243379877850554,"endHours":13.802821108323549,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:55","end":"09:20","startHours":8.916571919508169,"endHours":9.332422914300967,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:32","end":"06:51","startHours":6.525428699449577,"endHours":6.8581094952838155,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:50","end":"12:40","startHours":11.827528883057756,"endHours":12.659230872643352,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:21","end":"05:10","startHours":4.342210976787386,"endHours":5.173912966372983,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:58","end":"06:00","startHours":4.965987468976584,"endHours":6.005614955958579,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:19","end":"15:09","startHours":14.322634851814547,"endHours":15.154336841400143,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:17","end":"18:41","startHours":18.28114479974253,"endHours":18.68114479974253,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:29","end":"19:00","startHours":18.48114479974253,"endHours":19.00095854323353,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:14","end":"19:59","startHours":18.23114479974253,"endHours":19.98114479974253,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:50","end":"00:40","startHours":23.827528883057756,"endHours":24.659230872643352,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"06:00","end":"07:34","startHours":6.005614955958579,"endHours":7.5650561864315735,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:34","end":"09:07","startHours":7.5650561864315735,"endHours":9.124497416904568,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:07","end":"10:41","startHours":9.124497416904568,"endHours":10.68393864737756,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:41","end":"12:15","startHours":10.68393864737756,"endHours":12.243379877850554,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:15","end":"13:48","startHours":12.243379877850554,"endHours":13.802821108323549,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:48","end":"15:22","startHours":13.802821108323549,"endHours":15.362262338796542,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:22","end":"16:55","startHours":15.362262338796542,"endHours":16.92170356926954,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:55","end":"18:29","startHours":16.92170356926954,"endHours":18.48114479974253,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:29","end":"19:55","startHours":18.48114479974253,"endHours":19.921703569269535,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:55","end":"21:22","startHours":19.921703569269535,"endHours":21.362262338796544,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:22","end":"22:48","startHours":21.362262338796544,"endHours":22.80282110832355,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:48","end":"00:15","startHours":22.80282110832355,"endHours":24.243379877850554,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:15","end":"01:41","startHours":24.243379877850554,"endHours":25.68393864737756,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:41","end":"03:07","startHours":25.68393864737756,"endHours":27.124497416904568,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:07","end":"04:34","startHours":27.124497416904568,"endHours":28.565056186431573,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:34","end":"06:00","startHours":28.565056186431573,"endHours":30.005614955958578,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:00","end":"07:00","startHours":6.005614955958579,"endHours":7.005614955958579,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:00","end":"08:00","startHours":7.005614955958579,"endHours":8.00561495595858,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:00","end":"09:00","startHours":8.00561495595858,"endHours":9.00561495595858,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:00","end":"10:00","startHours":9.00561495595858,"endHours":10.00561495595858,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:00","end":"11:00","startHours":10.00561495595858,"endHours":11.00561495595858,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:00","end":"12:00","startHours":11.00561495595858,"endHours":12.00561495595858,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:00","end":"13:00","startHours":12.00561495595858,"endHours":13.00561495595858,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:00","end":"14:00","startHours":13.00561495595858,"endHours":14.00561495595858,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:00","end":"15:00","startHours":14.00561495595858,"endHours":15.00561495595858,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:00","end":"16:00","startHours":15.00561495595858,"endHours":16.005614955958578,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:00","end":"17:00","startHours":16.005614955958578,"endHours":17.005614955958578,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:00","end":"18:00","startHours":17.005614955958578,"endHours":18.005614955958578,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:00","end":"19:00","startHours":18.005614955958578,"endHours":19.005614955958578,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:00","end":"20:00","startHours":19.005614955958578,"endHours":20.005614955958578,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:00","end":"21:00","startHours":20.005614955958578,"endHours":21.005614955958578,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:00","end":"22:00","startHours":21.005614955958578,"endHours":22.005614955958578,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:00","end":"23:00","startHours":22.005614955958578,"endHours":23.005614955958578,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:00","end":"00:00","startHours":23.005614955958578,"endHours":24.005614955958578,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:00","end":"01:00","startHours":24.005614955958578,"endHours":25.005614955958578,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:00","end":"02:00","startHours":25.005614955958578,"endHours":26.005614955958578,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:00","end":"03:00","startHours":26.005614955958578,"endHours":27.005614955958578,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:00","end":"04:00","startHours":27.005614955958578,"endHours":28.005614955958578,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:00","end":"05:00","startHours":28.005614955958578,"endHours":29.005614955958578,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:00","end":"06:00","startHours":29.005614955958578,"endHours":30.005614955958578,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mātaṇga","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":15.01221032936268,"eotMinutes":2.918007328966811,"ayanamsa":24.109}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2075,"vikram_samvatsara":"Virodhakṛt","saka_samvat":1940,"saka_samvatsara":"Vilambī","bengali_samvat":1425,"malayalam_era":1194,"nanakshahi_year":549,"lunar_month":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Jyeṣṭha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_amanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Jyeṣṭha Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā · Vikram 2075 Virodhakṛt · Śaka 1940 Vilambī"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"madurai"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga May 1, 2018 CE · Madurai, Tamil Nadu · Vidhyamitra","description":"May 1, 2018 CE for Madurai, Tamil Nadu: Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 06:00, sūryāsta 18:29.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/madurai/2018-05-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/madurai/2018-05-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/madurai/2018-05-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/madurai/2018-05-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/madurai/2018-05-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-23T04:17:49.836Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-23T04:17:49.836Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-23T04:17:49.836Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}