{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:madurai:2016-01-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/madurai/2016-01-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2016-01-16","date_display":"January 16, 2016 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457403.770833,"kali_year":5117,"ahargana":1868938.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":271.0983,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":347.8822,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":7,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Saptamī","elongation_degrees":76.7839,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.7839},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":347.8822,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.2155},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":258.9804},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":12,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2016,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457403.770833,"ahargana":1868938.2708,"kali_year":5117,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0771,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":271.245762,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":348.950062,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-1.0285},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":192.42816200000004,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":267.564762,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":148.33486200000004,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":236.09536200000002,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":228.39996199999996,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":154.6565,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":334.6565,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457403.770833,"kali_year":5117,"ahargana":1868938.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":271.0983,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":347.8822,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":7,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Saptamī","elongation_degrees":76.7839,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.7839},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":347.8822,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.2155},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":258.9804},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":12,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.029,"elongation":76.784},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.029,"opposition_distance":103.216}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"madurai","name":"Madurai, Tamil Nadu","lat":9.9252,"lon":78.1198,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"madurai","name":"Madurai, Tamil Nadu","lat":9.9252,"lon":78.1198,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:39","sunsetLocal":"18:15","solarNoonLocal":"12:27","dayLengthHours":11.605634560916037,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 36 Mins 20 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 23 Mins 40 Secs","moonriseLocal":"11:32","moonsetLocal":"23:44","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:33","end":"11:00","startHours":9.552153052133951,"endHours":11.002857372248457,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:54","end":"15:21","startHours":13.904266012477464,"endHours":15.35497033259197,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:39","end":"08:06","startHours":6.650744411904942,"endHours":8.101448732019445,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:22","end":"09:45","startHours":9.358725809452018,"endHours":9.745580294815884,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:08","end":"07:27","startHours":7.134312518609777,"endHours":7.443796106900871,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:04","end":"12:50","startHours":12.066707206999093,"endHours":12.840416177726828,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:06","end":"05:53","startHours":5.1033264704494705,"endHours":5.877035441177206,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:41","end":"06:39","startHours":5.683608198495272,"endHours":6.650744411904942,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:23","end":"15:10","startHours":14.3878341191823,"endHours":15.161543089910035,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:03","end":"18:27","startHours":18.05637897282098,"endHours":18.45637897282098,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:15","end":"18:44","startHours":18.25637897282098,"endHours":18.739947079525813,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:00","end":"19:45","startHours":18.00637897282098,"endHours":19.75637897282098,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:04","end":"00:50","startHours":24.06670720699909,"endHours":24.84041617772683,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:39","end":"08:06","startHours":6.650744411904942,"endHours":8.101448732019445,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:06","end":"09:33","startHours":8.101448732019445,"endHours":9.552153052133951,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:33","end":"11:00","startHours":9.552153052133951,"endHours":11.002857372248457,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:00","end":"12:27","startHours":11.002857372248457,"endHours":12.45356169236296,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:27","end":"13:54","startHours":12.45356169236296,"endHours":13.904266012477464,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:54","end":"15:21","startHours":13.904266012477464,"endHours":15.35497033259197,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:21","end":"16:48","startHours":15.35497033259197,"endHours":16.805674652706475,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:48","end":"18:15","startHours":16.805674652706475,"endHours":18.25637897282098,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:15","end":"19:48","startHours":18.25637897282098,"endHours":19.805674652706475,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:48","end":"21:21","startHours":19.805674652706475,"endHours":21.354970332591968,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:21","end":"22:54","startHours":21.354970332591968,"endHours":22.904266012477464,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:54","end":"00:27","startHours":22.904266012477464,"endHours":24.45356169236296,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:27","end":"02:00","startHours":24.45356169236296,"endHours":26.002857372248457,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:00","end":"03:33","startHours":26.002857372248457,"endHours":27.552153052133953,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:33","end":"05:06","startHours":27.552153052133953,"endHours":29.101448732019445,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"05:06","end":"06:39","startHours":29.101448732019445,"endHours":30.65074441190494,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:39","end":"07:39","startHours":6.650744411904942,"endHours":7.650744411904942,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:39","end":"08:39","startHours":7.650744411904942,"endHours":8.650744411904942,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:39","end":"09:39","startHours":8.650744411904942,"endHours":9.650744411904942,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:39","end":"10:39","startHours":9.650744411904942,"endHours":10.650744411904942,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:39","end":"11:39","startHours":10.650744411904942,"endHours":11.650744411904942,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:39","end":"12:39","startHours":11.650744411904942,"endHours":12.650744411904942,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:39","end":"13:39","startHours":12.650744411904942,"endHours":13.650744411904942,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:39","end":"14:39","startHours":13.650744411904942,"endHours":14.650744411904942,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:39","end":"15:39","startHours":14.650744411904942,"endHours":15.650744411904942,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:39","end":"16:39","startHours":15.650744411904942,"endHours":16.65074441190494,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:39","end":"17:39","startHours":16.65074441190494,"endHours":17.65074441190494,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:39","end":"18:39","startHours":17.65074441190494,"endHours":18.65074441190494,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:39","end":"19:39","startHours":18.65074441190494,"endHours":19.65074441190494,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:39","end":"20:39","startHours":19.65074441190494,"endHours":20.65074441190494,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:39","end":"21:39","startHours":20.65074441190494,"endHours":21.65074441190494,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:39","end":"22:39","startHours":21.65074441190494,"endHours":22.65074441190494,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:39","end":"23:39","startHours":22.65074441190494,"endHours":23.65074441190494,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:39","end":"00:39","startHours":23.65074441190494,"endHours":24.65074441190494,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:39","end":"01:39","startHours":24.65074441190494,"endHours":25.65074441190494,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:39","end":"02:39","startHours":25.65074441190494,"endHours":26.65074441190494,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:39","end":"03:39","startHours":26.65074441190494,"endHours":27.65074441190494,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:39","end":"04:39","startHours":27.65074441190494,"endHours":28.65074441190494,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:39","end":"05:39","startHours":28.65074441190494,"endHours":29.65074441190494,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:39","end":"06:39","startHours":29.65074441190494,"endHours":30.65074441190494,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Gada","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-21.070421266325038,"eotMinutes":-9.692901541777706,"ayanamsa":24.0771}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2073,"vikram_samvatsara":"Saumya","saka_samvat":1938,"saka_samvatsara":"Durmukhi","bengali_samvat":1423,"malayalam_era":1192,"nanakshahi_year":547,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Saptamī · Vikram 2073 Saumya · Śaka 1938 Durmukhi"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"madurai"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 16, 2016 CE · Madurai, Tamil Nadu · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 16, 2016 CE for Madurai, Tamil Nadu: Śukla Saptamī, sūryodaya 06:39, sūryāsta 18:15.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/madurai/2016-01-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/madurai/2016-01-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/madurai/2016-01-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/madurai/2016-01-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/madurai/2016-01-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-23T02:50:40.462Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-23T02:50:40.462Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-23T02:50:40.462Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}