{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:madurai:2012-01-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/madurai/2012-01-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2012-01-16","date_display":"January 16, 2012 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2012,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2455942.770833,"kali_year":5113,"ahargana":1867477.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":271.1343,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":176.839,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":23,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":265.7047,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.7047},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":176.839,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.5057},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":87.9733},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":44,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2012,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2455942.770833,"ahargana":1867477.2708,"kali_year":5113,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0212,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":271.271483,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":176.82248299999992,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.6952},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":148.47628300000002,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":257.3679830000001,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":6.943983000000003,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":308.001883,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":184.77788299999997,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":232.0673,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":52.0673,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2012,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2455942.770833,"kali_year":5113,"ahargana":1867477.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":271.1343,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":176.839,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":23,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":265.7047,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.7047},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":176.839,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.5057},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":87.9733},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":44,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.695,"elongation":94.295},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.695,"opposition_distance":85.705}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"madurai","name":"Madurai, Tamil Nadu","lat":9.9252,"lon":78.1198,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"madurai","name":"Madurai, Tamil Nadu","lat":9.9252,"lon":78.1198,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:39","sunsetLocal":"18:15","solarNoonLocal":"12:27","dayLengthHours":11.60549149662542,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 36 Mins 20 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 23 Mins 40 Secs","moonriseLocal":"00:13","moonsetLocal":"12:06","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:06","end":"09:33","startHours":8.101502381128427,"endHours":9.552188818206604,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"11:00","end":"12:27","startHours":11.002875255284781,"endHours":12.45356169236296,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"13:54","end":"15:21","startHours":13.904248129441136,"endHours":15.354934566519315,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:22","end":"09:45","startHours":9.358763959929515,"endHours":9.745613676483694,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:08","end":"07:27","startHours":7.134378089742975,"endHours":7.443857862986319,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:04","end":"12:50","startHours":12.06671197580878,"endHours":12.840411408917142,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:06","end":"05:53","startHours":5.103417077833527,"endHours":5.877116510941888,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:41","end":"06:39","startHours":5.683691652664797,"endHours":6.650815944050249,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:23","end":"15:10","startHours":14.387810275133862,"endHours":15.161509708242225,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:03","end":"18:27","startHours":18.05630744067567,"endHours":18.45630744067567,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:15","end":"18:44","startHours":18.25630744067567,"endHours":18.739869586368396,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:00","end":"19:45","startHours":18.00630744067567,"endHours":19.75630744067567,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:04","end":"00:50","startHours":24.06671197580878,"endHours":24.84041140891714,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:39","end":"08:06","startHours":6.650815944050249,"endHours":8.101502381128427,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"08:06","end":"09:33","startHours":8.101502381128427,"endHours":9.552188818206604,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"09:33","end":"11:00","startHours":9.552188818206604,"endHours":11.002875255284781,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"11:00","end":"12:27","startHours":11.002875255284781,"endHours":12.45356169236296,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:27","end":"13:54","startHours":12.45356169236296,"endHours":13.904248129441136,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"13:54","end":"15:21","startHours":13.904248129441136,"endHours":15.354934566519315,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"15:21","end":"16:48","startHours":15.354934566519315,"endHours":16.805621003597494,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"16:48","end":"18:15","startHours":16.805621003597494,"endHours":18.25630744067567,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"18:15","end":"19:48","startHours":18.25630744067567,"endHours":19.80562100359749,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"19:48","end":"21:21","startHours":19.80562100359749,"endHours":21.354934566519315,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:21","end":"22:54","startHours":21.354934566519315,"endHours":22.904248129441136,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"22:54","end":"00:27","startHours":22.904248129441136,"endHours":24.45356169236296,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:27","end":"02:00","startHours":24.45356169236296,"endHours":26.00287525528478,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"02:00","end":"03:33","startHours":26.00287525528478,"endHours":27.552188818206602,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:33","end":"05:06","startHours":27.552188818206602,"endHours":29.101502381128427,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"05:06","end":"06:39","startHours":29.101502381128427,"endHours":30.65081594405025,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:39","end":"07:39","startHours":6.650815944050249,"endHours":7.650815944050249,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:39","end":"08:39","startHours":7.650815944050249,"endHours":8.65081594405025,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:39","end":"09:39","startHours":8.65081594405025,"endHours":9.65081594405025,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:39","end":"10:39","startHours":9.65081594405025,"endHours":10.65081594405025,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:39","end":"11:39","startHours":10.65081594405025,"endHours":11.65081594405025,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:39","end":"12:39","startHours":11.65081594405025,"endHours":12.65081594405025,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:39","end":"13:39","startHours":12.65081594405025,"endHours":13.65081594405025,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:39","end":"14:39","startHours":13.65081594405025,"endHours":14.65081594405025,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:39","end":"15:39","startHours":14.65081594405025,"endHours":15.65081594405025,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:39","end":"16:39","startHours":15.65081594405025,"endHours":16.65081594405025,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:39","end":"17:39","startHours":16.65081594405025,"endHours":17.65081594405025,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:39","end":"18:39","startHours":17.65081594405025,"endHours":18.65081594405025,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:39","end":"19:39","startHours":18.65081594405025,"endHours":19.65081594405025,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:39","end":"20:39","startHours":19.65081594405025,"endHours":20.65081594405025,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:39","end":"21:39","startHours":20.65081594405025,"endHours":21.65081594405025,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:39","end":"22:39","startHours":21.65081594405025,"endHours":22.65081594405025,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:39","end":"23:39","startHours":22.65081594405025,"endHours":23.65081594405025,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:39","end":"00:39","startHours":23.65081594405025,"endHours":24.65081594405025,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:39","end":"01:39","startHours":24.65081594405025,"endHours":25.65081594405025,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:39","end":"02:39","startHours":25.65081594405025,"endHours":26.65081594405025,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:39","end":"03:39","startHours":26.65081594405025,"endHours":27.65081594405025,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:39","end":"04:39","startHours":27.65081594405025,"endHours":28.65081594405025,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:39","end":"05:39","startHours":28.65081594405025,"endHours":29.65081594405025,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:39","end":"06:39","startHours":29.65081594405025,"endHours":30.65081594405025,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"North-West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Kāṇa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-21.07592014020647,"eotMinutes":-9.692901541777706,"ayanamsa":24.0212}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2069,"vikram_samvatsara":"Viśvāvasu","saka_samvat":1934,"saka_samvatsara":"Nandana","bengali_samvat":1419,"malayalam_era":1188,"nanakshahi_year":543,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Māgha","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī · Vikram 2069 Viśvāvasu · Śaka 1934 Nandana"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7, 6.34-35.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk","steps":[{"label":"BG 6.5","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/5","purpose":"Lift the self by the Self; begin the walk with inner responsibility."},{"label":"BG 6.6","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/6","purpose":"See the mind as friend when mastered and enemy when unmastered."},{"label":"BG 6.7","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/7","purpose":"Stabilize the conquered mind in heat/cold, honor/dishonor, pleasure/pain."},{"label":"BG 6.34","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/34","purpose":"Name the restless mind honestly before trying to discipline it."},{"label":"BG 6.35","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/35","purpose":"Complete with abhyāsa and vairāgya: practice and detachment."}]},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"madurai"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 16, 2012 CE · Madurai, Tamil Nadu · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 16, 2012 CE for Madurai, Tamil Nadu: Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī, sūryodaya 06:39, sūryāsta 18:15.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/madurai/2012-01-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/madurai/2012-01-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/madurai/2012-01-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/madurai/2012-01-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/madurai/2012-01-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-23T03:05:25.541Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-23T03:05:25.541Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-23T03:05:25.541Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}