{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:madurai:2000-01-22:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/madurai/2000-01-22","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2000-01-22","date_display":"January 22, 2000 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2000,"month":1,"day":22,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451565.770833,"kali_year":5101,"ahargana":1863100.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":277.3988,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":109.4114,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":17,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":192.0126,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.0126},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Āśleṣā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":109.4114,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.7447},"yoga":{"number":3,"name":"Āyuṣmān","sum_longitude":26.8101},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":32,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2000,"month":1,"day":22,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451565.770833,"ahargana":1863100.2708,"kali_year":5101,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8538,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":277.459017,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":109.14551699999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.4254},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":320.022117,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":281.46391700000004,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":2.9134169999999813,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":242.73791700000004,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":16.451617,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":103.9818,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":283.9818,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2000,"month":1,"day":22,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451565.770833,"kali_year":5101,"ahargana":1863100.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":277.3988,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":109.4114,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":17,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":192.0126,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.0126},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Āśleṣā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":109.4114,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.7447},"yoga":{"number":3,"name":"Āyuṣmān","sum_longitude":26.8101},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":32,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.425,"elongation":167.987},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.425,"opposition_distance":12.013}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-1,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.697,"opposition_distance":1.262}]},"city":{"slug":"madurai","name":"Madurai, Tamil Nadu","lat":9.9252,"lon":78.1198,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"madurai","name":"Madurai, Tamil Nadu","lat":9.9252,"lon":78.1198,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:40","sunsetLocal":"18:18","solarNoonLocal":"12:29","dayLengthHours":11.636779053508505,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 38 Mins 12 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 21 Mins 48 Secs","moonriseLocal":"19:01","moonsetLocal":"07:30","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:35","end":"11:02","startHours":9.575086958428528,"endHours":11.02968434011709,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:56","end":"15:24","startHours":13.938879103494216,"endHours":15.39347648518278,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:40","end":"08:07","startHours":6.665892195051401,"endHours":8.120489576739963,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:23","end":"09:46","startHours":9.381140640870052,"endHours":9.769033275987002,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:09","end":"07:28","startHours":7.150757988947589,"endHours":7.461072097041149,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:06","end":"12:52","startHours":12.096389086688704,"endHours":12.872174356922605,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:07","end":"05:53","startHours":5.1143216545836,"endHours":5.890106924817501,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:42","end":"06:40","startHours":5.696160607259026,"endHours":6.665892195051401,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:25","end":"15:12","startHours":14.423744897390403,"endHours":15.199530167624303,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:06","end":"18:30","startHours":18.102671248559908,"endHours":18.502671248559906,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:18","end":"18:47","startHours":18.302671248559907,"endHours":18.787537042456094,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:03","end":"19:48","startHours":18.052671248559907,"endHours":19.802671248559907,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:06","end":"00:52","startHours":24.096389086688703,"endHours":24.872174356922606,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:40","end":"08:07","startHours":6.665892195051401,"endHours":8.120489576739963,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:07","end":"09:35","startHours":8.120489576739963,"endHours":9.575086958428528,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:35","end":"11:02","startHours":9.575086958428528,"endHours":11.02968434011709,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:02","end":"12:29","startHours":11.02968434011709,"endHours":12.484281721805655,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:29","end":"13:56","startHours":12.484281721805655,"endHours":13.938879103494216,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:56","end":"15:24","startHours":13.938879103494216,"endHours":15.39347648518278,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:24","end":"16:51","startHours":15.39347648518278,"endHours":16.848073866871342,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:51","end":"18:18","startHours":16.848073866871342,"endHours":18.302671248559907,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:18","end":"19:51","startHours":18.302671248559907,"endHours":19.848073866871346,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:51","end":"21:24","startHours":19.848073866871346,"endHours":21.39347648518278,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:24","end":"22:56","startHours":21.39347648518278,"endHours":22.938879103494216,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:56","end":"00:29","startHours":22.938879103494216,"endHours":24.484281721805655,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:29","end":"02:02","startHours":24.484281721805655,"endHours":26.029684340117093,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:02","end":"03:35","startHours":26.029684340117093,"endHours":27.57508695842853,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:35","end":"05:07","startHours":27.57508695842853,"endHours":29.120489576739963,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"05:07","end":"06:40","startHours":29.120489576739963,"endHours":30.665892195051402,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:40","end":"07:40","startHours":6.665892195051401,"endHours":7.665892195051401,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:40","end":"08:40","startHours":7.665892195051401,"endHours":8.665892195051402,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:40","end":"09:40","startHours":8.665892195051402,"endHours":9.665892195051402,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:40","end":"10:40","startHours":9.665892195051402,"endHours":10.665892195051402,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:40","end":"11:40","startHours":10.665892195051402,"endHours":11.665892195051402,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:40","end":"12:40","startHours":11.665892195051402,"endHours":12.665892195051402,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:40","end":"13:40","startHours":12.665892195051402,"endHours":13.665892195051402,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:40","end":"14:40","startHours":13.665892195051402,"endHours":14.665892195051402,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:40","end":"15:40","startHours":14.665892195051402,"endHours":15.665892195051402,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:40","end":"16:40","startHours":15.665892195051402,"endHours":16.665892195051402,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:40","end":"17:40","startHours":16.665892195051402,"endHours":17.665892195051402,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:40","end":"18:40","startHours":17.665892195051402,"endHours":18.665892195051402,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:40","end":"19:40","startHours":18.665892195051402,"endHours":19.665892195051402,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:40","end":"20:40","startHours":19.665892195051402,"endHours":20.665892195051402,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:40","end":"21:40","startHours":20.665892195051402,"endHours":21.665892195051402,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:40","end":"22:40","startHours":21.665892195051402,"endHours":22.665892195051402,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:40","end":"23:40","startHours":22.665892195051402,"endHours":23.665892195051402,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:40","end":"00:40","startHours":23.665892195051402,"endHours":24.665892195051402,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:40","end":"01:40","startHours":24.665892195051402,"endHours":25.665892195051402,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:40","end":"02:40","startHours":25.665892195051402,"endHours":26.665892195051402,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:40","end":"03:40","startHours":26.665892195051402,"endHours":27.665892195051402,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:40","end":"04:40","startHours":27.665892195051402,"endHours":28.665892195051402,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:40","end":"05:40","startHours":28.665892195051402,"endHours":29.665892195051402,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:40","end":"06:40","startHours":29.665892195051402,"endHours":30.665892195051402,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Saumya","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-19.864676191158228,"eotMinutes":-11.536103308339323,"ayanamsa":23.8538}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2057,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vijaya","saka_samvat":1922,"saka_samvatsara":"Vikrama","bengali_samvat":1407,"malayalam_era":1176,"nanakshahi_year":531,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Māgha","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā · Vikram 2057 Vijaya · Śaka 1922 Vikrama"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"madurai"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 22, 2000 CE · Madurai, Tamil Nadu · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 22, 2000 CE for Madurai, Tamil Nadu: Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 06:40, sūryāsta 18:18.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/madurai/2000-01-22","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/madurai/2000-01-22","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/madurai/2000-01-22","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/madurai/2000-01-22","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/madurai/2000-01-22"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-23T22:26:47.556Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-23T22:26:47.556Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-23T22:26:47.556Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}