{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:madurai:2000-01-04:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/madurai/2000-01-04","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2000-01-04","date_display":"January 4, 2000 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2000,"month":1,"day":4,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451547.770833,"kali_year":5101,"ahargana":1863082.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":258.9109,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":228.0672,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":28,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":329.1564,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.1564},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":228.0672,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.4006},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":126.9781},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":54,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2000,"month":1,"day":4,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451547.770833,"ahargana":1863082.2708,"kali_year":5101,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8531,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":259.122704,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":229.74110399999995,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.7672},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":306.0848040000001,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":252.03740399999992,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":1.5166040000000294,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":220.79170399999998,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":16.416503999999975,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":104.9355,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":284.9355,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2000,"month":1,"day":4,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451547.770833,"kali_year":5101,"ahargana":1863082.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":258.9109,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":228.0672,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":28,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":329.1564,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.1564},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":228.0672,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.4006},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":126.9781},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":54,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.767,"elongation":30.844},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.767,"opposition_distance":149.156}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":17,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.697,"opposition_distance":1.262}]},"city":{"slug":"madurai","name":"Madurai, Tamil Nadu","lat":9.9252,"lon":78.1198,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"madurai","name":"Madurai, Tamil Nadu","lat":9.9252,"lon":78.1198,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:36","sunsetLocal":"18:09","solarNoonLocal":"12:23","dayLengthHours":11.560042176097879,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 33 Mins 36 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 26 Mins 24 Secs","moonriseLocal":"04:39","moonsetLocal":"16:11","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:16","end":"16:43","startHours":15.265755658446906,"endHours":16.71076093045914,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:29","end":"10:56","startHours":9.485734570397968,"endHours":10.930739842410201,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:23","end":"13:49","startHours":12.375745114422436,"endHours":13.820750386434671,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:18","end":"09:41","startHours":9.293067200796337,"endHours":9.678401939999599,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:05","end":"07:23","startHours":7.077392450377576,"endHours":7.385660241740186,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:59","end":"12:46","startHours":11.990410375219174,"endHours":12.761079853625699,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:03","end":"05:50","startHours":5.054385069560447,"endHours":5.825054547966973,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:38","end":"06:36","startHours":5.632387178365342,"endHours":6.595724026373498,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:18","end":"15:04","startHours":14.30241881043875,"endHours":15.073088288845275,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:57","end":"18:21","startHours":17.955766202471377,"endHours":18.355766202471376,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:09","end":"18:38","startHours":18.155766202471376,"endHours":18.637434626475454,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:54","end":"19:39","startHours":17.905766202471376,"endHours":19.655766202471376,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:59","end":"00:46","startHours":23.990410375219174,"endHours":24.7610798536257,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"06:36","end":"08:02","startHours":6.595724026373498,"endHours":8.040729298385733,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"08:02","end":"09:29","startHours":8.040729298385733,"endHours":9.485734570397968,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:29","end":"10:56","startHours":9.485734570397968,"endHours":10.930739842410201,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:56","end":"12:23","startHours":10.930739842410201,"endHours":12.375745114422436,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:23","end":"13:49","startHours":12.375745114422436,"endHours":13.820750386434671,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:49","end":"15:16","startHours":13.820750386434671,"endHours":15.265755658446906,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:16","end":"16:43","startHours":15.265755658446906,"endHours":16.71076093045914,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:43","end":"18:09","startHours":16.71076093045914,"endHours":18.155766202471376,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:09","end":"19:43","startHours":18.155766202471376,"endHours":19.71076093045914,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:43","end":"21:16","startHours":19.71076093045914,"endHours":21.265755658446906,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:16","end":"22:49","startHours":21.265755658446906,"endHours":22.82075038643467,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:49","end":"00:23","startHours":22.82075038643467,"endHours":24.375745114422436,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:23","end":"01:56","startHours":24.375745114422436,"endHours":25.9307398424102,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:56","end":"03:29","startHours":25.9307398424102,"endHours":27.485734570397966,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:29","end":"05:02","startHours":27.485734570397966,"endHours":29.040729298385735,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:02","end":"06:36","startHours":29.040729298385735,"endHours":30.595724026373496,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:36","end":"07:36","startHours":6.595724026373498,"endHours":7.595724026373498,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:36","end":"08:36","startHours":7.595724026373498,"endHours":8.595724026373498,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:36","end":"09:36","startHours":8.595724026373498,"endHours":9.595724026373498,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:36","end":"10:36","startHours":9.595724026373498,"endHours":10.595724026373498,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:36","end":"11:36","startHours":10.595724026373498,"endHours":11.595724026373498,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:36","end":"12:36","startHours":11.595724026373498,"endHours":12.595724026373498,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:36","end":"13:36","startHours":12.595724026373498,"endHours":13.595724026373498,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:36","end":"14:36","startHours":13.595724026373498,"endHours":14.595724026373498,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:36","end":"15:36","startHours":14.595724026373498,"endHours":15.595724026373498,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:36","end":"16:36","startHours":15.595724026373498,"endHours":16.595724026373496,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:36","end":"17:36","startHours":16.595724026373496,"endHours":17.595724026373496,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:36","end":"18:36","startHours":17.595724026373496,"endHours":18.595724026373496,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:36","end":"19:36","startHours":18.595724026373496,"endHours":19.595724026373496,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:36","end":"20:36","startHours":19.595724026373496,"endHours":20.595724026373496,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:36","end":"21:36","startHours":20.595724026373496,"endHours":21.595724026373496,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:36","end":"22:36","startHours":21.595724026373496,"endHours":22.595724026373496,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:36","end":"23:36","startHours":22.595724026373496,"endHours":23.595724026373496,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:36","end":"00:36","startHours":23.595724026373496,"endHours":24.595724026373496,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:36","end":"01:36","startHours":24.595724026373496,"endHours":25.595724026373496,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:36","end":"02:36","startHours":25.595724026373496,"endHours":26.595724026373496,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:36","end":"03:36","startHours":26.595724026373496,"endHours":27.595724026373496,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:36","end":"04:36","startHours":27.595724026373496,"endHours":28.595724026373496,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:36","end":"05:36","startHours":28.595724026373496,"endHours":29.595724026373496,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:36","end":"06:36","startHours":29.595724026373496,"endHours":30.595724026373496,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"North-East","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Cara","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-22.80377680594113,"eotMinutes":-5.02390686534617,"ayanamsa":23.8531}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2057,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vijaya","saka_samvat":1922,"saka_samvatsara":"Vikrama","bengali_samvat":1407,"malayalam_era":1176,"nanakshahi_year":531,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī · Vikram 2057 Vijaya · Śaka 1922 Vikrama"},"festivals":[{"id":"pradosha-vrata","name":"Pradoṣa Vrata","name_sanskrit":"प्रदोष व्रत","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Twilight worship of Śiva on Trayodaśī.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":13},{"tithi_number":28}]},"precedence":7}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Dedicated festival walk for Pradoṣa Vrata is not live yet; Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"madurai"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 4, 2000 CE · Madurai, Tamil Nadu · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 4, 2000 CE for Madurai, Tamil Nadu: Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī, sūryodaya 06:36, sūryāsta 18:09.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/madurai/2000-01-04","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/madurai/2000-01-04","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/madurai/2000-01-04","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/madurai/2000-01-04","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/madurai/2000-01-04"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-23T19:47:49.575Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-23T19:47:49.575Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-23T19:47:49.575Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}