{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:lumbini:2026-01-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/lumbini/2026-01-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2026-01-16","date_display":"January 16, 2026 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2026,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461056.770833,"kali_year":5127,"ahargana":1872591.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":271.5218,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":238.8283,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":28,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":327.3065,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.3065},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":238.8283,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.1616},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":150.3501},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":54,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2026,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461056.770833,"ahargana":1872591.2708,"kali_year":5127,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2168,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":271.688591,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":240.37219099999993,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.4591},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":269.68499099999997,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":267.802691,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":84.97849100000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":273.576191,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":333.081991,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":321.1029,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":141.1029,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2026,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461056.770833,"kali_year":5127,"ahargana":1872591.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":271.5218,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":238.8283,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":28,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":327.3065,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.3065},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":238.8283,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.1616},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":150.3501},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":54,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.459,"elongation":32.693},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.459,"opposition_distance":147.307}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"lumbini","name":"Lumbinī","lat":27.4924,"lon":83.275,"tz_offset_hours":5.75,"state":"Lumbini","country":"NP","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"lumbini","name":"Lumbinī","lat":27.4924,"lon":83.275,"tz_offset_hours":5.75,"state":"Lumbini","country":"NP","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"07:03","sunsetLocal":"17:40","solarNoonLocal":"12:22","dayLengthHours":10.60316961631343,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 36 Mins 11 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 23 Mins 49 Secs","moonriseLocal":"05:05","moonsetLocal":"15:27","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"11:02","end":"12:22","startHours":11.034485490323782,"endHours":12.359881692362961,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"15:01","end":"16:20","startHours":15.010674096441317,"endHours":16.336070298480497,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"08:23","end":"09:43","startHours":8.383693086245424,"endHours":9.709089288284602,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:32","end":"09:53","startHours":9.53236979467938,"endHours":9.885808781889827,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:30","end":"07:47","startHours":7.500095618219305,"endHours":7.782846807987664,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:00","end":"12:43","startHours":12.006442705152514,"endHours":12.713320679573409,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:39","end":"06:21","startHours":5.644540935364455,"endHours":6.35141890978535,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:10","end":"07:03","startHours":6.174699416180126,"endHours":7.0582968842062455,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:08","end":"14:50","startHours":14.1270766284152,"endHours":14.833954602836094,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:28","end":"17:52","startHours":17.461466500519677,"endHours":17.861466500519676,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:40","end":"18:06","startHours":17.661466500519676,"endHours":18.103265234532735,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:25","end":"19:10","startHours":17.411466500519676,"endHours":19.161466500519676,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:00","end":"00:43","startHours":24.006442705152512,"endHours":24.71332067957341,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"07:03","end":"08:23","startHours":7.0582968842062455,"endHours":8.383693086245424,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"08:23","end":"09:43","startHours":8.383693086245424,"endHours":9.709089288284602,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"09:43","end":"11:02","startHours":9.709089288284602,"endHours":11.034485490323782,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"11:02","end":"12:22","startHours":11.034485490323782,"endHours":12.359881692362961,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:22","end":"13:41","startHours":12.359881692362961,"endHours":13.68527789440214,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"13:41","end":"15:01","startHours":13.68527789440214,"endHours":15.010674096441317,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:01","end":"16:20","startHours":15.010674096441317,"endHours":16.336070298480497,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"16:20","end":"17:40","startHours":16.336070298480497,"endHours":17.661466500519676,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"17:40","end":"19:20","startHours":17.661466500519676,"endHours":19.336070298480497,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"19:20","end":"21:01","startHours":19.336070298480497,"endHours":21.01067409644132,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:01","end":"22:41","startHours":21.01067409644132,"endHours":22.68527789440214,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:41","end":"00:22","startHours":22.68527789440214,"endHours":24.35988169236296,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:22","end":"02:02","startHours":24.35988169236296,"endHours":26.03448549032378,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"02:02","end":"03:43","startHours":26.03448549032378,"endHours":27.709089288284602,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:43","end":"05:23","startHours":27.709089288284602,"endHours":29.383693086245426,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"05:23","end":"07:03","startHours":29.383693086245426,"endHours":31.058296884206246,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:03","end":"08:03","startHours":7.0582968842062455,"endHours":8.058296884206246,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:03","end":"09:03","startHours":8.058296884206246,"endHours":9.058296884206246,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:03","end":"10:03","startHours":9.058296884206246,"endHours":10.058296884206246,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:03","end":"11:03","startHours":10.058296884206246,"endHours":11.058296884206246,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:03","end":"12:03","startHours":11.058296884206246,"endHours":12.058296884206246,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:03","end":"13:03","startHours":12.058296884206246,"endHours":13.058296884206246,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:03","end":"14:03","startHours":13.058296884206246,"endHours":14.058296884206246,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:03","end":"15:03","startHours":14.058296884206246,"endHours":15.058296884206246,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:03","end":"16:03","startHours":15.058296884206246,"endHours":16.058296884206246,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:03","end":"17:03","startHours":16.058296884206246,"endHours":17.058296884206246,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:03","end":"18:03","startHours":17.058296884206246,"endHours":18.058296884206246,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:03","end":"19:03","startHours":18.058296884206246,"endHours":19.058296884206246,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:03","end":"20:03","startHours":19.058296884206246,"endHours":20.058296884206246,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:03","end":"21:03","startHours":20.058296884206246,"endHours":21.058296884206246,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:03","end":"22:03","startHours":21.058296884206246,"endHours":22.058296884206246,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:03","end":"23:03","startHours":22.058296884206246,"endHours":23.058296884206246,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:03","end":"00:03","startHours":23.058296884206246,"endHours":24.058296884206246,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:03","end":"01:03","startHours":24.058296884206246,"endHours":25.058296884206246,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:03","end":"02:03","startHours":25.058296884206246,"endHours":26.058296884206246,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:03","end":"03:03","startHours":26.058296884206246,"endHours":27.058296884206246,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:03","end":"04:03","startHours":27.058296884206246,"endHours":28.058296884206246,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:03","end":"05:03","startHours":28.058296884206246,"endHours":29.058296884206246,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:03","end":"06:03","startHours":29.058296884206246,"endHours":30.058296884206246,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:03","end":"07:03","startHours":30.058296884206246,"endHours":31.058296884206246,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mudgara","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-20.963121883752137,"eotMinutes":-9.692901541777706,"ayanamsa":24.2168}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2083,"vikram_samvatsara":"Siddhārthī","saka_samvat":1948,"saka_samvatsara":"Parābhava","bengali_samvat":1433,"malayalam_era":1202,"nanakshahi_year":557,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Māgha","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī · Vikram 2083 Siddhārthī · Śaka 1948 Parābhava"},"festivals":[{"id":"pradosha-vrata","name":"Pradoṣa Vrata","name_sanskrit":"प्रदोष व्रत","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Twilight worship of Śiva on Trayodaśī.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":13},{"tithi_number":28}]},"precedence":7}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Dedicated festival walk for Pradoṣa Vrata is not live yet; Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"lumbini"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 16, 2026 CE · Lumbinī · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 16, 2026 CE for Lumbinī: Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī, sūryodaya 07:03, sūryāsta 17:40.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/lumbini/2026-01-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/lumbini/2026-01-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/lumbini/2026-01-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/lumbini/2026-01-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/lumbini/2026-01-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-08-22T11:36:28.016Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-08-22T11:36:28.016Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-08-22T11:36:28.016Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}