{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:lucknow:1997-01-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/lucknow/1997-01-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-01-16","date_display":"January 16, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450464.770833,"kali_year":5098,"ahargana":1861999.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":272.0391,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":1.544,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":8,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":89.5049,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.5049},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":1.544,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.544},"yoga":{"number":21,"name":"Siddha","sum_longitude":273.5831},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":14,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450464.770833,"ahargana":1861999.2708,"kali_year":5098,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8117,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":272.134583,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":4.624183000000016,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-1.4805},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":159.60238300000003,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":249.73808299999996,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":274.92928299999994,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":253.52588300000002,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":338.44638299999997,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":162.3181,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":342.3181,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450464.770833,"kali_year":5098,"ahargana":1861999.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":272.0391,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":1.544,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":8,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":89.5049,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.5049},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":1.544,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.544},"yoga":{"number":21,"name":"Siddha","sum_longitude":273.5831},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":14,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.48,"elongation":89.505},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.48,"opposition_distance":90.495}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"lucknow","name":"Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh","lat":26.8467,"lon":80.9462,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"lucknow","name":"Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh","lat":26.8467,"lon":80.9462,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:57","sunsetLocal":"17:35","solarNoonLocal":"12:16","dayLengthHours":10.64533539790505,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 38 Mins 43 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 21 Mins 17 Secs","moonriseLocal":"12:01","moonsetLocal":"00:51","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"13:36","end":"14:56","startHours":13.595801950434428,"endHours":14.926468875172558,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"06:57","end":"08:16","startHours":6.94246732674377,"endHours":8.273134251481903,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:36","end":"10:56","startHours":9.603801176220033,"endHours":10.934468100958163,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:26","end":"09:47","startHours":9.426378919588283,"endHours":9.781223432851784,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:23","end":"07:40","startHours":7.3860229683231475,"endHours":7.669898578933949,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:55","end":"12:37","startHours":11.910290512432795,"endHours":12.619979538959797,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:31","end":"06:14","startHours":5.523089273689764,"endHours":6.232778300216767,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:03","end":"06:57","startHours":6.055356043585016,"endHours":6.94246732674377,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:02","end":"14:45","startHours":14.039357592013804,"endHours":14.749046618540808,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:23","end":"17:47","startHours":17.38780272464882,"endHours":17.78780272464882,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:35","end":"18:02","startHours":17.58780272464882,"endHours":18.031358366228197,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:20","end":"19:05","startHours":17.33780272464882,"endHours":19.08780272464882,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:55","end":"00:37","startHours":23.910290512432795,"endHours":24.619979538959797,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:57","end":"08:16","startHours":6.94246732674377,"endHours":8.273134251481903,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:16","end":"09:36","startHours":8.273134251481903,"endHours":9.603801176220033,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:36","end":"10:56","startHours":9.603801176220033,"endHours":10.934468100958163,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:56","end":"12:16","startHours":10.934468100958163,"endHours":12.265135025696296,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:16","end":"13:36","startHours":12.265135025696296,"endHours":13.595801950434428,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"13:36","end":"14:56","startHours":13.595801950434428,"endHours":14.926468875172558,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:56","end":"16:15","startHours":14.926468875172558,"endHours":16.25713579991069,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:15","end":"17:35","startHours":16.25713579991069,"endHours":17.58780272464882,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:35","end":"19:15","startHours":17.58780272464882,"endHours":19.25713579991069,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:15","end":"20:56","startHours":19.25713579991069,"endHours":20.92646887517256,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:56","end":"22:36","startHours":20.92646887517256,"endHours":22.595801950434428,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:36","end":"00:16","startHours":22.595801950434428,"endHours":24.265135025696296,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:16","end":"01:56","startHours":24.265135025696296,"endHours":25.934468100958163,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"01:56","end":"03:36","startHours":25.934468100958163,"endHours":27.60380117622003,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:36","end":"05:16","startHours":27.60380117622003,"endHours":29.273134251481903,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"05:16","end":"06:57","startHours":29.273134251481903,"endHours":30.94246732674377,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:57","end":"07:57","startHours":6.94246732674377,"endHours":7.94246732674377,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:57","end":"08:57","startHours":7.94246732674377,"endHours":8.94246732674377,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:57","end":"09:57","startHours":8.94246732674377,"endHours":9.94246732674377,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:57","end":"10:57","startHours":9.94246732674377,"endHours":10.94246732674377,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:57","end":"11:57","startHours":10.94246732674377,"endHours":11.94246732674377,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:57","end":"12:57","startHours":11.94246732674377,"endHours":12.94246732674377,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:57","end":"13:57","startHours":12.94246732674377,"endHours":13.94246732674377,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:57","end":"14:57","startHours":13.94246732674377,"endHours":14.94246732674377,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:57","end":"15:57","startHours":14.94246732674377,"endHours":15.94246732674377,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:57","end":"16:57","startHours":15.94246732674377,"endHours":16.94246732674377,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:57","end":"17:57","startHours":16.94246732674377,"endHours":17.94246732674377,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:57","end":"18:57","startHours":17.94246732674377,"endHours":18.94246732674377,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:57","end":"19:57","startHours":18.94246732674377,"endHours":19.94246732674377,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:57","end":"20:57","startHours":19.94246732674377,"endHours":20.94246732674377,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:57","end":"21:57","startHours":20.94246732674377,"endHours":21.94246732674377,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:57","end":"22:57","startHours":21.94246732674377,"endHours":22.94246732674377,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:57","end":"23:57","startHours":22.94246732674377,"endHours":23.94246732674377,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:57","end":"00:57","startHours":23.94246732674377,"endHours":24.94246732674377,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:57","end":"01:57","startHours":24.94246732674377,"endHours":25.94246732674377,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:57","end":"02:57","startHours":25.94246732674377,"endHours":26.94246732674377,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:57","end":"03:57","startHours":26.94246732674377,"endHours":27.94246732674377,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:57","end":"04:57","startHours":27.94246732674377,"endHours":28.94246732674377,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:57","end":"05:57","startHours":28.94246732674377,"endHours":29.94246732674377,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:57","end":"06:57","startHours":29.94246732674377,"endHours":30.94246732674377,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mṛtyu","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-20.955507287439723,"eotMinutes":-9.692901541777706,"ayanamsa":23.8117}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Aṣṭamī · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-12-25","event":"Bhīṣma's Mahaprasthan","chart_id":"bhishma","shared_marker":"same Śukla Aṣṭamī","url":"/day/-3137-12-25","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-3101-02-18","event":"Kali Yuga Epoch","chart_id":"kali-yuga-epoch","shared_marker":"same Aśvinī","url":"/day/-3101-02-18","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"lucknow"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 16, 1997 CE · Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 16, 1997 CE for Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh: Śukla Aṣṭamī, sūryodaya 06:57, sūryāsta 17:35.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/lucknow/1997-01-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/lucknow/1997-01-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/lucknow/1997-01-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/lucknow/1997-01-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/lucknow/1997-01-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T10:10:24.523Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T10:10:24.523Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T10:10:24.523Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}