{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:lucknow:1908-03-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/lucknow/1908-03-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1908-03-31","date_display":"March 31, 1908 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1908,"month":3,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2418031.770833,"kali_year":5009,"ahargana":1829566.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":347.7431,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":333.8933,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":29,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":346.1502,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.1502},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":333.8933,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.56},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":321.6364},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":57,"name":"Śakuni"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1908,"month":3,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2418031.770833,"ahargana":1829566.2708,"kali_year":5009,"ayanamsa_lahiri":22.5712,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":347.363462,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":331.545162,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.3057},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":33.93316199999998,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":321.18316200000004,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":102.10756200000003,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":32.35876200000001,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":340.028162,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":80.7745,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":260.7745,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1908,"month":3,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2418031.770833,"kali_year":5009,"ahargana":1829566.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":347.7431,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":333.8933,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":29,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":346.1502,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.1502},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":333.8933,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.56},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":321.6364},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":57,"name":"Śakuni"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.306,"elongation":13.85},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.306,"opposition_distance":166.15}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"lucknow","name":"Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh","lat":26.8467,"lon":80.9462,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"lucknow","name":"Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh","lat":26.8467,"lon":80.9462,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:59","sunsetLocal":"18:23","solarNoonLocal":"12:11","dayLengthHours":12.390904480278074,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 23 Mins 27 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 36 Mins 33 Secs","moonriseLocal":"05:10","moonsetLocal":"17:05","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:17","end":"16:50","startHours":15.279007810337626,"endHours":16.827870870372386,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:05","end":"10:38","startHours":9.08355557019859,"endHours":10.63241863023335,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:11","end":"13:44","startHours":12.181281690268108,"endHours":13.730144750302866,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:53","end":"09:17","startHours":8.877040495527288,"endHours":9.29007064486989,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:30","end":"06:50","startHours":6.502117136807324,"endHours":6.832541256281406,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:46","end":"12:36","startHours":11.768251540925505,"endHours":12.594311839610711,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:20","end":"05:10","startHours":4.333708852758661,"endHours":5.159769151443866,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:57","end":"05:59","startHours":4.953254076772565,"endHours":5.985829450129071,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:15","end":"15:04","startHours":14.24643243698112,"endHours":15.072492735666325,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:11","end":"18:35","startHours":18.176733930407146,"endHours":18.576733930407144,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:23","end":"18:54","startHours":18.376733930407145,"endHours":18.8930216170854,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:08","end":"19:53","startHours":18.126733930407145,"endHours":19.876733930407145,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:46","end":"00:36","startHours":23.768251540925505,"endHours":24.59431183961071,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"05:59","end":"07:32","startHours":5.985829450129071,"endHours":7.53469251016383,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:32","end":"09:05","startHours":7.53469251016383,"endHours":9.08355557019859,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:05","end":"10:38","startHours":9.08355557019859,"endHours":10.63241863023335,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:38","end":"12:11","startHours":10.63241863023335,"endHours":12.181281690268108,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:11","end":"13:44","startHours":12.181281690268108,"endHours":13.730144750302866,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:44","end":"15:17","startHours":13.730144750302866,"endHours":15.279007810337626,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:17","end":"16:50","startHours":15.279007810337626,"endHours":16.827870870372386,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:50","end":"18:23","startHours":16.827870870372386,"endHours":18.376733930407145,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:23","end":"19:50","startHours":18.376733930407145,"endHours":19.827870870372386,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:50","end":"21:17","startHours":19.827870870372386,"endHours":21.279007810337625,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:17","end":"22:44","startHours":21.279007810337625,"endHours":22.730144750302866,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:44","end":"00:11","startHours":22.730144750302866,"endHours":24.181281690268108,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:11","end":"01:38","startHours":24.181281690268108,"endHours":25.63241863023335,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:38","end":"03:05","startHours":25.63241863023335,"endHours":27.08355557019859,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:05","end":"04:32","startHours":27.08355557019859,"endHours":28.53469251016383,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:32","end":"05:59","startHours":28.53469251016383,"endHours":29.98582945012907,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:59","end":"06:59","startHours":5.985829450129071,"endHours":6.985829450129071,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:59","end":"07:59","startHours":6.985829450129071,"endHours":7.985829450129071,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:59","end":"08:59","startHours":7.985829450129071,"endHours":8.98582945012907,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:59","end":"09:59","startHours":8.98582945012907,"endHours":9.98582945012907,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:59","end":"10:59","startHours":9.98582945012907,"endHours":10.98582945012907,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:59","end":"11:59","startHours":10.98582945012907,"endHours":11.98582945012907,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:59","end":"12:59","startHours":11.98582945012907,"endHours":12.98582945012907,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:59","end":"13:59","startHours":12.98582945012907,"endHours":13.98582945012907,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:59","end":"14:59","startHours":13.98582945012907,"endHours":14.98582945012907,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:59","end":"15:59","startHours":14.98582945012907,"endHours":15.98582945012907,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:59","end":"16:59","startHours":15.98582945012907,"endHours":16.98582945012907,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:59","end":"17:59","startHours":16.98582945012907,"endHours":17.98582945012907,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:59","end":"18:59","startHours":17.98582945012907,"endHours":18.98582945012907,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:59","end":"19:59","startHours":18.98582945012907,"endHours":19.98582945012907,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:59","end":"20:59","startHours":19.98582945012907,"endHours":20.98582945012907,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:59","end":"21:59","startHours":20.98582945012907,"endHours":21.98582945012907,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:59","end":"22:59","startHours":21.98582945012907,"endHours":22.98582945012907,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:59","end":"23:59","startHours":22.98582945012907,"endHours":23.98582945012907,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:59","end":"00:59","startHours":23.98582945012907,"endHours":24.98582945012907,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:59","end":"01:59","startHours":24.98582945012907,"endHours":25.98582945012907,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:59","end":"02:59","startHours":25.98582945012907,"endHours":26.98582945012907,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:59","end":"03:59","startHours":26.98582945012907,"endHours":27.98582945012907,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:59","end":"04:59","startHours":27.98582945012907,"endHours":28.98582945012907,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:59","end":"05:59","startHours":28.98582945012907,"endHours":29.98582945012907,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvānkṣa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":3.9346597090651723,"eotMinutes":-4.661701416086492,"ayanamsa":22.5712}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1965,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmati","saka_samvat":1830,"saka_samvatsara":"Kīlaka","bengali_samvat":1315,"malayalam_era":1084,"nanakshahi_year":439,"lunar_month":"Caitra","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Caitra Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_amanta":"Phālguna","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mīna (Paṅkuṇi)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Caitra Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī · Vikram 1965 Durmati · Śaka 1830 Kīlaka"},"festivals":[{"id":"masika-shivaratri","name":"Māsika Śivarātri","name_sanskrit":"मासिक शिवरात्रि","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Monthly Śiva observance.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":29,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"lucknow"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 31, 1908 CE · Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 31, 1908 CE for Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh: Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī, sūryodaya 05:59, sūryāsta 18:23.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/lucknow/1908-03-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/lucknow/1908-03-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/lucknow/1908-03-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/lucknow/1908-03-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/lucknow/1908-03-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T06:05:04.604Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T06:05:04.604Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-02T06:05:04.604Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}