{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kozhikode:2028-08-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kozhikode/2028-08-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2028-08-31","date_display":"August 31, 2028 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":8,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462014.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873549.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":133.1662,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":268.0661,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":12,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":134.8999,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.8999},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":268.0661,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.3994},"yoga":{"number":4,"name":"Saubhāgya","sum_longitude":41.2322},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":22,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2028,"month":8,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462014.770833,"ahargana":1873549.2708,"kali_year":5130,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2534,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":133.919088,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":270.431288,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.1786},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":92.416088,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":159.73128799999995,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":157.044988,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":88.892988,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":16.972587999999973,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":270.3435,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":90.3435,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":8,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462014.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873549.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":133.1662,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":268.0661,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":12,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":134.8999,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.8999},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":268.0661,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.3994},"yoga":{"number":4,"name":"Saubhāgya","sum_longitude":41.2322},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":22,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.179,"elongation":134.9},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.179,"opposition_distance":45.1}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kozhikode","name":"Kozhikode (Calicut), Kerala","lat":11.2588,"lon":75.7804,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Kerala","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kozhikode","name":"Kozhikode (Calicut), Kerala","lat":11.2588,"lon":75.7804,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Kerala","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:16","sunsetLocal":"18:37","solarNoonLocal":"12:27","dayLengthHours":12.342014745147058,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 20 Mins 31 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 39 Mins 29 Secs","moonriseLocal":"15:48","moonsetLocal":"03:18","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"13:59","end":"15:32","startHours":13.988298684420258,"endHours":15.531050527563643,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"06:16","end":"07:49","startHours":6.274539468703348,"endHours":7.817291311846731,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:22","end":"10:54","startHours":9.360043154990112,"endHours":10.902794998133494,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:09","end":"09:34","startHours":9.154342909237661,"endHours":9.565743400742564,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:47","end":"07:07","startHours":6.788790083084475,"endHours":7.1179104762883965,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:02","end":"12:51","startHours":12.034146349771977,"endHours":12.856947332781779,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:38","end":"05:27","startHours":4.6289375026837405,"endHours":5.451738485693544,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:15","end":"06:16","startHours":5.246038239941093,"endHours":6.274539468703348,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:30","end":"15:20","startHours":14.502549298801387,"endHours":15.325350281811192,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:25","end":"18:49","startHours":18.416554213850407,"endHours":18.816554213850406,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:37","end":"19:08","startHours":18.616554213850407,"endHours":19.130804828231533,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:22","end":"20:07","startHours":18.366554213850407,"endHours":20.116554213850407,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:02","end":"00:51","startHours":24.034146349771977,"endHours":24.856947332781782,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:16","end":"07:49","startHours":6.274539468703348,"endHours":7.817291311846731,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"07:49","end":"09:22","startHours":7.817291311846731,"endHours":9.360043154990112,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:22","end":"10:54","startHours":9.360043154990112,"endHours":10.902794998133494,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:54","end":"12:27","startHours":10.902794998133494,"endHours":12.445546841276876,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:27","end":"13:59","startHours":12.445546841276876,"endHours":13.988298684420258,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"13:59","end":"15:32","startHours":13.988298684420258,"endHours":15.531050527563643,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:32","end":"17:04","startHours":15.531050527563643,"endHours":17.073802370707025,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:04","end":"18:37","startHours":17.073802370707025,"endHours":18.616554213850407,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"18:37","end":"20:04","startHours":18.616554213850407,"endHours":20.073802370707025,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"20:04","end":"21:32","startHours":20.073802370707025,"endHours":21.531050527563643,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:32","end":"22:59","startHours":21.531050527563643,"endHours":22.988298684420258,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:59","end":"00:27","startHours":22.988298684420258,"endHours":24.44554684127688,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:27","end":"01:54","startHours":24.44554684127688,"endHours":25.902794998133494,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"01:54","end":"03:22","startHours":25.902794998133494,"endHours":27.360043154990112,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:22","end":"04:49","startHours":27.360043154990112,"endHours":28.81729131184673,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"04:49","end":"06:16","startHours":28.81729131184673,"endHours":30.27453946870335,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:16","end":"07:16","startHours":6.274539468703348,"endHours":7.274539468703348,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:16","end":"08:16","startHours":7.274539468703348,"endHours":8.274539468703349,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:16","end":"09:16","startHours":8.274539468703349,"endHours":9.274539468703349,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:16","end":"10:16","startHours":9.274539468703349,"endHours":10.274539468703349,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:16","end":"11:16","startHours":10.274539468703349,"endHours":11.274539468703349,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:16","end":"12:16","startHours":11.274539468703349,"endHours":12.274539468703349,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:16","end":"13:16","startHours":12.274539468703349,"endHours":13.274539468703349,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:16","end":"14:16","startHours":13.274539468703349,"endHours":14.274539468703349,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:16","end":"15:16","startHours":14.274539468703349,"endHours":15.274539468703349,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:16","end":"16:16","startHours":15.274539468703349,"endHours":16.27453946870335,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:16","end":"17:16","startHours":16.27453946870335,"endHours":17.27453946870335,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:16","end":"18:16","startHours":17.27453946870335,"endHours":18.27453946870335,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:16","end":"19:16","startHours":18.27453946870335,"endHours":19.27453946870335,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:16","end":"20:16","startHours":19.27453946870335,"endHours":20.27453946870335,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:16","end":"21:16","startHours":20.27453946870335,"endHours":21.27453946870335,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:16","end":"22:16","startHours":21.27453946870335,"endHours":22.27453946870335,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:16","end":"23:16","startHours":22.27453946870335,"endHours":23.27453946870335,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:16","end":"00:16","startHours":23.27453946870335,"endHours":24.27453946870335,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:16","end":"01:16","startHours":24.27453946870335,"endHours":25.27453946870335,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:16","end":"02:16","startHours":25.27453946870335,"endHours":26.27453946870335,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:16","end":"03:16","startHours":26.27453946870335,"endHours":27.27453946870335,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:16","end":"04:16","startHours":27.27453946870335,"endHours":28.27453946870335,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:16","end":"05:16","startHours":28.27453946870335,"endHours":29.27453946870335,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:16","end":"06:16","startHours":29.27453946870335,"endHours":30.27453946870335,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Vajra","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":8.50422549805709,"eotMinutes":0.14558952338733633,"ayanamsa":24.2534}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2085,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmati","saka_samvat":1950,"saka_samvatsara":"Kīlaka","bengali_samvat":1435,"malayalam_era":1204,"nanakshahi_year":559,"lunar_month":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Bhādrapada Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_amanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Siṃha (Āvaṇi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Bhādrapada Śukla Dvādaśī · Vikram 2085 Durmati · Śaka 1950 Kīlaka"},"festivals":[{"id":"vamana-jayanti","name":"Vāmana Jayantī","name_sanskrit":"वामन जयन्ती","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Vāmana (5th daśāvatāra of Krishna)","deity_avatara_index":15,"significance":"Vāmana's three-step measure of all worlds; Bali's surrender. (= Onam in Kerala.)","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":12,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Bhādrapada"},"precedence":2,"sources":["Bhāgavata 8.18-22"]}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Dedicated festival walk for Vāmana Jayantī is not live yet; Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kozhikode"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga August 31, 2028 CE · Kozhikode (Calicut), Kerala · Vidhyamitra","description":"August 31, 2028 CE for Kozhikode (Calicut), Kerala: Śukla Dvādaśī, sūryodaya 06:16, sūryāsta 18:37.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kozhikode/2028-08-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kozhikode/2028-08-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kozhikode/2028-08-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kozhikode/2028-08-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kozhikode/2028-08-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-07-26T08:08:43.891Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-07-26T08:08:43.891Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-07-26T08:08:43.891Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no founder-city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","Divyāṁśa-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}