{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kozhikode:2002-08-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kozhikode/2002-08-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2002-08-31","date_display":"August 31, 2002 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":8,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452517.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1864052.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":132.9038,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":45.7101,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":23,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":272.8063,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.8063},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":45.7101,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.7101},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":178.6139},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":45,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2002,"month":8,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452517.770833,"ahargana":1864052.2708,"kali_year":5104,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8902,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":133.592243,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":42.895443,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.6124},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":127.014543,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":160.69804299999998,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":102.31694299999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":179.25134300000002,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":63.60144300000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":53.5402,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":233.5402,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":8,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452517.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1864052.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":132.9038,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":45.7101,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":23,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":272.8063,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.8063},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":45.7101,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.7101},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":178.6139},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":45,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.612,"elongation":87.194},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.612,"opposition_distance":92.806}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kozhikode","name":"Kozhikode (Calicut), Kerala","lat":11.2588,"lon":75.7804,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Kerala","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kozhikode","name":"Kozhikode (Calicut), Kerala","lat":11.2588,"lon":75.7804,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Kerala","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:16","sunsetLocal":"18:37","solarNoonLocal":"12:27","dayLengthHours":12.349080648609535,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 20 Mins 57 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 39 Mins 03 Secs","moonriseLocal":"00:03","moonsetLocal":"12:44","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:21","end":"10:54","startHours":9.358276679124494,"endHours":10.901911760200685,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:59","end":"15:32","startHours":13.989181922353069,"endHours":15.53281700342926,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:16","end":"07:49","startHours":6.271006516972109,"endHours":7.8146415980483015,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:09","end":"09:34","startHours":9.152458668314335,"endHours":9.564094689934652,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:47","end":"07:07","startHours":6.7855515439975065,"endHours":7.11486036129376,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:02","end":"12:51","startHours":12.03391081965656,"endHours":12.857182862897195,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:37","end":"05:27","startHours":4.624462430490838,"endHours":5.447734473731474,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:15","end":"06:16","startHours":5.241916462921315,"endHours":6.271006516972109,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:30","end":"15:20","startHours":14.503726949378466,"endHours":15.326998992619101,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:25","end":"18:49","startHours":18.420087165581645,"endHours":18.820087165581644,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:37","end":"19:08","startHours":18.620087165581644,"endHours":19.134632192607043,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:22","end":"20:07","startHours":18.370087165581644,"endHours":20.120087165581644,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:02","end":"00:51","startHours":24.033910819656562,"endHours":24.857182862897197,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:16","end":"07:49","startHours":6.271006516972109,"endHours":7.8146415980483015,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:49","end":"09:21","startHours":7.8146415980483015,"endHours":9.358276679124494,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:21","end":"10:54","startHours":9.358276679124494,"endHours":10.901911760200685,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:54","end":"12:27","startHours":10.901911760200685,"endHours":12.445546841276876,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:27","end":"13:59","startHours":12.445546841276876,"endHours":13.989181922353069,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:59","end":"15:32","startHours":13.989181922353069,"endHours":15.53281700342926,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:32","end":"17:05","startHours":15.53281700342926,"endHours":17.076452084505455,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:05","end":"18:37","startHours":17.076452084505455,"endHours":18.620087165581644,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:37","end":"20:05","startHours":18.620087165581644,"endHours":20.07645208450545,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:05","end":"21:32","startHours":20.07645208450545,"endHours":21.532817003429262,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:32","end":"22:59","startHours":21.532817003429262,"endHours":22.98918192235307,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:59","end":"00:27","startHours":22.98918192235307,"endHours":24.445546841276876,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:27","end":"01:54","startHours":24.445546841276876,"endHours":25.901911760200683,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:54","end":"03:21","startHours":25.901911760200683,"endHours":27.358276679124494,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:21","end":"04:49","startHours":27.358276679124494,"endHours":28.8146415980483,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:49","end":"06:16","startHours":28.8146415980483,"endHours":30.271006516972108,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:16","end":"07:16","startHours":6.271006516972109,"endHours":7.271006516972109,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:16","end":"08:16","startHours":7.271006516972109,"endHours":8.27100651697211,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:16","end":"09:16","startHours":8.27100651697211,"endHours":9.27100651697211,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:16","end":"10:16","startHours":9.27100651697211,"endHours":10.27100651697211,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:16","end":"11:16","startHours":10.27100651697211,"endHours":11.27100651697211,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:16","end":"12:16","startHours":11.27100651697211,"endHours":12.27100651697211,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:16","end":"13:16","startHours":12.27100651697211,"endHours":13.27100651697211,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:16","end":"14:16","startHours":13.27100651697211,"endHours":14.27100651697211,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:16","end":"15:16","startHours":14.27100651697211,"endHours":15.27100651697211,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:16","end":"16:16","startHours":15.27100651697211,"endHours":16.271006516972108,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:16","end":"17:16","startHours":16.271006516972108,"endHours":17.271006516972108,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:16","end":"18:16","startHours":17.271006516972108,"endHours":18.271006516972108,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:16","end":"19:16","startHours":18.271006516972108,"endHours":19.271006516972108,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:16","end":"20:16","startHours":19.271006516972108,"endHours":20.271006516972108,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:16","end":"21:16","startHours":20.271006516972108,"endHours":21.271006516972108,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:16","end":"22:16","startHours":21.271006516972108,"endHours":22.271006516972108,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:16","end":"23:16","startHours":22.271006516972108,"endHours":23.271006516972108,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:16","end":"00:16","startHours":23.271006516972108,"endHours":24.271006516972108,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:16","end":"01:16","startHours":24.271006516972108,"endHours":25.271006516972108,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:16","end":"02:16","startHours":25.271006516972108,"endHours":26.271006516972108,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:16","end":"03:16","startHours":26.271006516972108,"endHours":27.271006516972108,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:16","end":"04:16","startHours":27.271006516972108,"endHours":28.271006516972108,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:16","end":"05:16","startHours":28.271006516972108,"endHours":29.271006516972108,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:16","end":"06:16","startHours":29.271006516972108,"endHours":30.271006516972108,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhātṛ","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":8.761294496399989,"eotMinutes":0.14558952338733633,"ayanamsa":23.8902}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2059,"vikram_samvatsara":"Manmatha","saka_samvat":1924,"saka_samvatsara":"Citrabhānu","bengali_samvat":1409,"malayalam_era":1178,"nanakshahi_year":533,"lunar_month":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Bhādrapada Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_amanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Siṃha (Āvaṇi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Bhādrapada Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī · Vikram 2059 Manmatha · Śaka 1924 Citrabhānu"},"festivals":[{"id":"krishna-janmashtami","name":"Krishna Janmāṣṭamī","name_sanskrit":"कृष्ण जन्माष्टमी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Krishna (svayaṁ bhagavān)","deity_avatara_index":20,"significance":"Traditional observance of Bhagavān Krishna’s manifestation at Mathurā on Bhādrapada Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī with Rohiṇī; no exact civil year is asserted here.","vrata":true,"primary_observance":"Madhya-rātri (midnight) abhiṣekam in Mathurā tradition","detection":{"tithi_number":23,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","nakshatra_name":"Rohiṇī","lunar_month":"Bhādrapada"},"precedence":1,"related_chart":"krishna","sources":["Bhāgavata Purāṇa 10.3"]}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"krishna-janmashtami-walk","name":"Krishna Janmāṣṭamī Walk","name_sanskrit":"कृष्ण जन्माष्टमी यात्रा","type":"festival","description":"Bhāgavata 10.3 (birth at Mathurā) + BG 4.7-8 + 10.8 (Krishna as svayaṁ bhagavān).","step_count":11,"url":"/walk/krishna-janmashtami-walk"},"reason":"Today is Krishna Janmāṣṭamī — its dedicated walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kozhikode"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga August 31, 2002 CE · Kozhikode (Calicut), Kerala · Vidhyamitra","description":"August 31, 2002 CE for Kozhikode (Calicut), Kerala: Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī, sūryodaya 06:16, sūryāsta 18:37.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kozhikode/2002-08-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kozhikode/2002-08-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kozhikode/2002-08-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kozhikode/2002-08-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kozhikode/2002-08-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-05T22:56:43.034Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-05T22:56:43.034Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-05T22:56:43.034Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}