{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kollam:2031-05-02:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2031-05-02","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2031-05-02","date_display":"May 2, 2031 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2031,"month":5,"day":2,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462988.770833,"kali_year":5133,"ahargana":1874523.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":17.161,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":133.8168,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":10,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Daśamī","elongation_degrees":116.6558,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.6558},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":133.8168,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.4835},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":150.9778},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":19,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2031,"month":5,"day":2,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462988.770833,"ahargana":1874523.2708,"kali_year":5133,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2907,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":17.17577399999999,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":132.50937399999998,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.4823},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":199.98087399999997,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":349.947074,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":244.27937399999996,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":59.54537399999998,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":43.88397399999997,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":218.7363,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":38.7363,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2031,"month":5,"day":2,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462988.770833,"kali_year":5133,"ahargana":1874523.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":17.161,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":133.8168,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":10,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Daśamī","elongation_degrees":116.6558,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.6558},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":133.8168,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.4835},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":150.9778},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":19,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.482,"elongation":116.656},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.482,"opposition_distance":63.344}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":5,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-1.488,"opposition_distance":2.834},{"offset_days":19,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.298,"elongation":1.486}]},"city":{"slug":"kollam","name":"Kollam, Kerala","lat":8.8932,"lon":76.6141,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Kerala","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kollam","name":"Kollam, Kerala","lat":8.8932,"lon":76.6141,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Kerala","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:07","sunsetLocal":"18:34","solarNoonLocal":"12:21","dayLengthHours":12.443125904885294,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 26 Mins 35 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 33 Mins 25 Secs","moonriseLocal":"13:54","moonsetLocal":"02:10","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:47","end":"12:21","startHours":10.78631793543666,"endHours":12.341708673547323,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"15:27","end":"17:00","startHours":15.452490149768646,"endHours":17.00788088787931,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:41","end":"09:14","startHours":7.675536459215337,"endHours":9.230927197325999,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:01","end":"09:26","startHours":9.02354176557791,"endHours":9.438312629074087,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:38","end":"06:58","startHours":6.638609300474896,"endHours":6.970425991271838,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:56","end":"12:45","startHours":11.926937810051147,"endHours":12.7564795370435,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:28","end":"05:17","startHours":4.46106226711997,"endHours":5.290603994112322,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:05","end":"06:07","startHours":5.083218562364234,"endHours":6.1201457211046755,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:25","end":"15:15","startHours":14.415562991028205,"endHours":15.245104718020558,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:22","end":"18:46","startHours":18.36327162598997,"endHours":18.76327162598997,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:34","end":"19:05","startHours":18.56327162598997,"endHours":19.08173520536019,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:19","end":"20:04","startHours":18.31327162598997,"endHours":20.06327162598997,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:56","end":"00:45","startHours":23.926937810051147,"endHours":24.7564795370435,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"06:07","end":"07:41","startHours":6.1201457211046755,"endHours":7.675536459215337,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"07:41","end":"09:14","startHours":7.675536459215337,"endHours":9.230927197325999,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"09:14","end":"10:47","startHours":9.230927197325999,"endHours":10.78631793543666,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"10:47","end":"12:21","startHours":10.78631793543666,"endHours":12.341708673547323,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:21","end":"13:54","startHours":12.341708673547323,"endHours":13.897099411657983,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"13:54","end":"15:27","startHours":13.897099411657983,"endHours":15.452490149768646,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:27","end":"17:00","startHours":15.452490149768646,"endHours":17.00788088787931,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"17:00","end":"18:34","startHours":17.00788088787931,"endHours":18.56327162598997,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"18:34","end":"20:00","startHours":18.56327162598997,"endHours":20.007880887879306,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:00","end":"21:27","startHours":20.007880887879306,"endHours":21.452490149768646,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:27","end":"22:54","startHours":21.452490149768646,"endHours":22.897099411657983,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:54","end":"00:21","startHours":22.897099411657983,"endHours":24.341708673547323,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:21","end":"01:47","startHours":24.341708673547323,"endHours":25.78631793543666,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"01:47","end":"03:14","startHours":25.78631793543666,"endHours":27.230927197325997,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:14","end":"04:41","startHours":27.230927197325997,"endHours":28.675536459215337,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"04:41","end":"06:07","startHours":28.675536459215337,"endHours":30.120145721104677,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:07","end":"07:07","startHours":6.1201457211046755,"endHours":7.1201457211046755,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:07","end":"08:07","startHours":7.1201457211046755,"endHours":8.120145721104675,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:07","end":"09:07","startHours":8.120145721104675,"endHours":9.120145721104675,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:07","end":"10:07","startHours":9.120145721104675,"endHours":10.120145721104675,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:07","end":"11:07","startHours":10.120145721104675,"endHours":11.120145721104675,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:07","end":"12:07","startHours":11.120145721104675,"endHours":12.120145721104675,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:07","end":"13:07","startHours":12.120145721104675,"endHours":13.120145721104675,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:07","end":"14:07","startHours":13.120145721104675,"endHours":14.120145721104675,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:07","end":"15:07","startHours":14.120145721104675,"endHours":15.120145721104675,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:07","end":"16:07","startHours":15.120145721104675,"endHours":16.120145721104677,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:07","end":"17:07","startHours":16.120145721104677,"endHours":17.120145721104677,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:07","end":"18:07","startHours":17.120145721104677,"endHours":18.120145721104677,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:07","end":"19:07","startHours":18.120145721104677,"endHours":19.120145721104677,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:07","end":"20:07","startHours":19.120145721104677,"endHours":20.120145721104677,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:07","end":"21:07","startHours":20.120145721104677,"endHours":21.120145721104677,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:07","end":"22:07","startHours":21.120145721104677,"endHours":22.120145721104677,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:07","end":"23:07","startHours":22.120145721104677,"endHours":23.120145721104677,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:07","end":"00:07","startHours":23.120145721104677,"endHours":24.120145721104677,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:07","end":"01:07","startHours":24.120145721104677,"endHours":25.120145721104677,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:07","end":"02:07","startHours":25.120145721104677,"endHours":26.120145721104677,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:07","end":"03:07","startHours":26.120145721104677,"endHours":27.120145721104677,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:07","end":"04:07","startHours":27.120145721104677,"endHours":28.120145721104677,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:07","end":"05:07","startHours":28.120145721104677,"endHours":29.120145721104677,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:07","end":"06:07","startHours":29.120145721104677,"endHours":30.120145721104677,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhūmra","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":15.270188938741207,"eotMinutes":3.041079587160539,"ayanamsa":24.2907}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2088,"vikram_samvatsara":"Raktākṣī","saka_samvat":1953,"saka_samvatsara":"Virodhakṛt","bengali_samvat":1438,"malayalam_era":1207,"nanakshahi_year":562,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_amanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Śukla Daśamī · Vikram 2088 Raktākṣī · Śaka 1953 Virodhakṛt"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kollam"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga May 2, 2031 CE · Kollam, Kerala · Vidhyamitra","description":"May 2, 2031 CE for Kollam, Kerala: Śukla Daśamī, sūryodaya 06:07, sūryāsta 18:34.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2031-05-02","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2031-05-02","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2031-05-02","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2031-05-02","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2031-05-02"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-07-29T08:01:59.086Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-07-29T08:01:59.086Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-07-29T08:01:59.086Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no founder-city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","Divyāṁśa-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}