{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kollam:2024-09-04:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2024-09-04","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2024-09-04","date_display":"September 4, 2024 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2024,"month":9,"day":4,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460557.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872092.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":137.0581,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":149.6259,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":12.5678,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.5678},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":149.6259,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.9592},"yoga":{"number":22,"name":"Sādhya","sum_longitude":286.6839},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":2,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2024,"month":9,"day":4,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460557.770833,"ahargana":1872092.2708,"kali_year":5126,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1977,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":137.81525599999998,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":148.27155600000003,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":1.383},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":64.997456,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":119.531656,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":55.16245600000002,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":162.19585600000005,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":322.22615599999995,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":347.5424,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":167.5424,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2024,"month":9,"day":4,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460557.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872092.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":137.0581,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":149.6259,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":12.5678,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.5678},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":149.6259,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.9592},"yoga":{"number":22,"name":"Sādhya","sum_longitude":286.6839},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":2,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.383,"elongation":12.568},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.383,"opposition_distance":167.432}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":14,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-1.373,"opposition_distance":1.613}]},"city":{"slug":"kollam","name":"Kollam, Kerala","lat":8.8932,"lon":76.6141,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Kerala","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kollam","name":"Kollam, Kerala","lat":8.8932,"lon":76.6141,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Kerala","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:14","sunsetLocal":"18:30","solarNoonLocal":"12:22","dayLengthHours":12.261259356868777,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 15 Mins 41 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 44 Mins 19 Secs","moonriseLocal":"07:00","moonsetLocal":"19:08","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:22","end":"13:54","startHours":12.367429398379066,"endHours":13.900086817987663,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:46","end":"09:18","startHours":7.769457139553276,"endHours":9.302114559161872,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:50","end":"12:22","startHours":10.834771978770469,"endHours":12.367429398379066,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:06","end":"09:30","startHours":9.097760236547394,"endHours":9.506468881776353,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:45","end":"07:04","startHours":6.747685526480877,"endHours":7.0746524426640445,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:58","end":"12:47","startHours":11.958720753150107,"endHours":12.776138043608025,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:36","end":"05:25","startHours":4.601965139028842,"endHours":5.41938242948676,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:13","end":"06:14","startHours":5.21502810687228,"endHours":6.2367997199446785,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:25","end":"15:14","startHours":14.410972624523861,"endHours":15.22838991498178,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:18","end":"18:42","startHours":18.298059076813455,"endHours":18.698059076813454,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:30","end":"19:01","startHours":18.498059076813455,"endHours":19.008944883349653,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:15","end":"20:00","startHours":18.248059076813455,"endHours":19.998059076813455,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:58","end":"00:47","startHours":23.958720753150107,"endHours":24.776138043608025,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"06:14","end":"07:46","startHours":6.2367997199446785,"endHours":7.769457139553276,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"07:46","end":"09:18","startHours":7.769457139553276,"endHours":9.302114559161872,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:18","end":"10:50","startHours":9.302114559161872,"endHours":10.834771978770469,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:50","end":"12:22","startHours":10.834771978770469,"endHours":12.367429398379066,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:22","end":"13:54","startHours":12.367429398379066,"endHours":13.900086817987663,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:54","end":"15:26","startHours":13.900086817987663,"endHours":15.43274423759626,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:26","end":"16:58","startHours":15.43274423759626,"endHours":16.965401657204858,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:58","end":"18:30","startHours":16.965401657204858,"endHours":18.498059076813455,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:30","end":"19:58","startHours":18.498059076813455,"endHours":19.965401657204858,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:58","end":"21:26","startHours":19.965401657204858,"endHours":21.43274423759626,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:26","end":"22:54","startHours":21.43274423759626,"endHours":22.900086817987663,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:54","end":"00:22","startHours":22.900086817987663,"endHours":24.367429398379066,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:22","end":"01:50","startHours":24.367429398379066,"endHours":25.83477197877047,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:50","end":"03:18","startHours":25.83477197877047,"endHours":27.302114559161872,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:18","end":"04:46","startHours":27.302114559161872,"endHours":28.769457139553275,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"04:46","end":"06:14","startHours":28.769457139553275,"endHours":30.236799719944678,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:14","end":"07:14","startHours":6.2367997199446785,"endHours":7.2367997199446785,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:14","end":"08:14","startHours":7.2367997199446785,"endHours":8.236799719944678,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:14","end":"09:14","startHours":8.236799719944678,"endHours":9.236799719944678,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:14","end":"10:14","startHours":9.236799719944678,"endHours":10.236799719944678,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:14","end":"11:14","startHours":10.236799719944678,"endHours":11.236799719944678,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:14","end":"12:14","startHours":11.236799719944678,"endHours":12.236799719944678,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:14","end":"13:14","startHours":12.236799719944678,"endHours":13.236799719944678,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:14","end":"14:14","startHours":13.236799719944678,"endHours":14.236799719944678,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:14","end":"15:14","startHours":14.236799719944678,"endHours":15.236799719944678,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:14","end":"16:14","startHours":15.236799719944678,"endHours":16.236799719944678,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:14","end":"17:14","startHours":16.236799719944678,"endHours":17.236799719944678,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:14","end":"18:14","startHours":17.236799719944678,"endHours":18.236799719944678,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:14","end":"19:14","startHours":18.236799719944678,"endHours":19.236799719944678,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:14","end":"20:14","startHours":19.236799719944678,"endHours":20.236799719944678,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:14","end":"21:14","startHours":20.236799719944678,"endHours":21.236799719944678,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:14","end":"22:14","startHours":21.236799719944678,"endHours":22.236799719944678,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:14","end":"23:14","startHours":22.236799719944678,"endHours":23.236799719944678,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:14","end":"00:14","startHours":23.236799719944678,"endHours":24.236799719944678,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:14","end":"01:14","startHours":24.236799719944678,"endHours":25.236799719944678,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:14","end":"02:14","startHours":25.236799719944678,"endHours":26.236799719944678,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:14","end":"03:14","startHours":26.236799719944678,"endHours":27.236799719944678,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:14","end":"04:14","startHours":27.236799719944678,"endHours":28.236799719944678,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:14","end":"05:14","startHours":28.236799719944678,"endHours":29.236799719944678,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:14","end":"06:14","startHours":29.236799719944678,"endHours":30.236799719944678,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mātaṇga","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":7.054912719402071,"eotMinutes":1.4978360972560227,"ayanamsa":24.1977}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2081,"vikram_samvatsara":"Piṅgala","saka_samvat":1946,"saka_samvatsara":"Krodhi","bengali_samvat":1431,"malayalam_era":1200,"nanakshahi_year":555,"lunar_month":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Bhādrapada Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_amanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Siṃha (Āvaṇi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Bhādrapada Śukla Dvitīyā · Vikram 2081 Piṅgala · Śaka 1946 Krodhi"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kollam"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga September 4, 2024 CE · Kollam, Kerala · Vidhyamitra","description":"September 4, 2024 CE for Kollam, Kerala: Śukla Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 06:14, sūryāsta 18:30.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2024-09-04","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2024-09-04","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2024-09-04","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2024-09-04","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2024-09-04"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-07-29T06:37:59.210Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-07-29T06:37:59.210Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-07-29T06:37:59.210Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no founder-city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","Divyāṁśa-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}