{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kollam:2024-07-02:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2024-07-02","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2024-07-02","date_display":"July 2, 2024 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2024,"month":7,"day":2,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460493.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872028.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":76.0716,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":27.5419,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":26,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":311.4703,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.4703},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":27.5419,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.8752},"yoga":{"number":8,"name":"Dhṛti","sum_longitude":103.6135},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":51,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2024,"month":7,"day":2,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460493.770833,"ahargana":1872028.2708,"kali_year":5126,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1953,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":76.471702,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":27.257402000000013,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.6818},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":22.163702,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":94.63620200000003,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":44.261202000000026,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":83.63080200000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":325.309802,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":350.9334,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":170.9334,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2024,"month":7,"day":2,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460493.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872028.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":76.0716,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":27.5419,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":26,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":311.4703,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.4703},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":27.5419,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.8752},"yoga":{"number":8,"name":"Dhṛti","sum_longitude":103.6135},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":51,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.682,"elongation":48.53},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.682,"opposition_distance":131.47}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kollam","name":"Kollam, Kerala","lat":8.8932,"lon":76.6141,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Kerala","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kollam","name":"Kollam, Kerala","lat":8.8932,"lon":76.6141,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Kerala","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:08","sunsetLocal":"18:46","solarNoonLocal":"12:27","dayLengthHours":12.63044822061945,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 37 Mins 50 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 22 Mins 10 Secs","moonriseLocal":"02:56","moonsetLocal":"15:25","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:37","end":"17:11","startHours":15.6109886678597,"endHours":17.189794695437133,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:18","end":"10:52","startHours":9.295764557549976,"endHours":10.874570585127408,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:27","end":"14:02","startHours":12.45337661270484,"endHours":14.03218264028227,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:05","end":"09:30","startHours":9.085257087206319,"endHours":9.506272027893635,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:40","end":"07:00","startHours":6.664421178254258,"endHours":7.001233130804111,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:02","end":"12:52","startHours":12.032361672017526,"endHours":12.874391553392154,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:27","end":"05:18","startHours":4.454092739645855,"endHours":5.296122621020484,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:05","end":"06:08","startHours":5.085615150676827,"endHours":6.138152502395115,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:34","end":"15:24","startHours":14.558451316141415,"endHours":15.400481197516045,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:34","end":"18:58","startHours":18.568600723014566,"endHours":18.968600723014564,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:46","end":"19:18","startHours":18.768600723014565,"endHours":19.294869398873708,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:31","end":"20:16","startHours":18.518600723014565,"endHours":20.268600723014565,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:02","end":"00:52","startHours":24.032361672017526,"endHours":24.874391553392154,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"06:08","end":"07:43","startHours":6.138152502395115,"endHours":7.716958529972546,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:43","end":"09:18","startHours":7.716958529972546,"endHours":9.295764557549976,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:18","end":"10:52","startHours":9.295764557549976,"endHours":10.874570585127408,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:52","end":"12:27","startHours":10.874570585127408,"endHours":12.45337661270484,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:27","end":"14:02","startHours":12.45337661270484,"endHours":14.03218264028227,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:02","end":"15:37","startHours":14.03218264028227,"endHours":15.6109886678597,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:37","end":"17:11","startHours":15.6109886678597,"endHours":17.189794695437133,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"17:11","end":"18:46","startHours":17.189794695437133,"endHours":18.768600723014565,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:46","end":"20:11","startHours":18.768600723014565,"endHours":20.189794695437133,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:11","end":"21:37","startHours":20.189794695437133,"endHours":21.6109886678597,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:37","end":"23:02","startHours":21.6109886678597,"endHours":23.032182640282272,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:02","end":"00:27","startHours":23.032182640282272,"endHours":24.45337661270484,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:27","end":"01:52","startHours":24.45337661270484,"endHours":25.874570585127408,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:52","end":"03:18","startHours":25.874570585127408,"endHours":27.29576455754998,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:18","end":"04:43","startHours":27.29576455754998,"endHours":28.716958529972548,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:43","end":"06:08","startHours":28.716958529972548,"endHours":30.138152502395116,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:08","end":"07:08","startHours":6.138152502395115,"endHours":7.138152502395115,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:08","end":"08:08","startHours":7.138152502395115,"endHours":8.138152502395116,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:08","end":"09:08","startHours":8.138152502395116,"endHours":9.138152502395116,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:08","end":"10:08","startHours":9.138152502395116,"endHours":10.138152502395116,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:08","end":"11:08","startHours":10.138152502395116,"endHours":11.138152502395116,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:08","end":"12:08","startHours":11.138152502395116,"endHours":12.138152502395116,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:08","end":"13:08","startHours":12.138152502395116,"endHours":13.138152502395116,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:08","end":"14:08","startHours":13.138152502395116,"endHours":14.138152502395116,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:08","end":"15:08","startHours":14.138152502395116,"endHours":15.138152502395116,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:08","end":"16:08","startHours":15.138152502395116,"endHours":16.138152502395116,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:08","end":"17:08","startHours":16.138152502395116,"endHours":17.138152502395116,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:08","end":"18:08","startHours":17.138152502395116,"endHours":18.138152502395116,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:08","end":"19:08","startHours":18.138152502395116,"endHours":19.138152502395116,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:08","end":"20:08","startHours":19.138152502395116,"endHours":20.138152502395116,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:08","end":"21:08","startHours":20.138152502395116,"endHours":21.138152502395116,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:08","end":"22:08","startHours":21.138152502395116,"endHours":22.138152502395116,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:08","end":"23:08","startHours":22.138152502395116,"endHours":23.138152502395116,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:08","end":"00:08","startHours":23.138152502395116,"endHours":24.138152502395116,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:08","end":"01:08","startHours":24.138152502395116,"endHours":25.138152502395116,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:08","end":"02:08","startHours":25.138152502395116,"endHours":26.138152502395116,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:08","end":"03:08","startHours":26.138152502395116,"endHours":27.138152502395116,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:08","end":"04:08","startHours":27.138152502395116,"endHours":28.138152502395116,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:08","end":"05:08","startHours":28.138152502395116,"endHours":29.138152502395116,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:08","end":"06:08","startHours":29.138152502395116,"endHours":30.138152502395116,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Chatra","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":23.00798874438245,"eotMinutes":-3.658996762290447,"ayanamsa":24.1953}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2081,"vikram_samvatsara":"Piṅgala","saka_samvat":1946,"saka_samvatsara":"Krodhi","bengali_samvat":1431,"malayalam_era":1200,"nanakshahi_year":555,"lunar_month":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āṣāḍha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_amanta":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mithuna (Āni)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Āṣāḍha Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī · Vikram 2081 Piṅgala · Śaka 1946 Krodhi"},"festivals":[{"id":"yogini-ekadashi","name":"Yoginī Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"योगिनी एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Removes the curse of Kubera; equivalent to feeding 88,000 brāhmaṇas.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":26,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","lunar_month":"Āṣāḍha"},"precedence":4},{"id":"kamika-ekadashi","name":"Kāmikā Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"कामिका एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"First Ekādaśī of Cāturmāsya; equivalent to gift of cow + svarṇa.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":26,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","lunar_month":"Āṣāḍha"},"precedence":4},{"id":"ekadashi","name":"Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Sacred to Bhagavān Viṣṇu; vrata for purification.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":11},{"tithi_number":26}]},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Dedicated festival walk for Yoginī Ekādaśī · Kāmikā Ekādaśī · Ekādaśī is not live yet; Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kollam"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 2, 2024 CE · Kollam, Kerala · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 2, 2024 CE for Kollam, Kerala: Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī, sūryodaya 06:08, sūryāsta 18:46.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2024-07-02","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2024-07-02","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2024-07-02","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2024-07-02","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2024-07-02"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-07-28T22:12:04.829Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-07-28T22:12:04.829Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-07-28T22:12:04.829Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no founder-city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","Divyāṁśa-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}