{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kollam:2024-03-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2024-03-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2024-03-31","date_display":"March 31, 2024 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2024,"month":3,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460400.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871935.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":346.7421,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":234.7828,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":21,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":248.0407,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.0407},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":234.7828,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.1162},"yoga":{"number":17,"name":"Vyatīpāta","sum_longitude":221.525},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":41,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2024,"month":3,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460400.770833,"ahargana":1871935.2708,"kali_year":5125,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1917,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":346.629655,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":231.14455499999997,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.853},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":311.74615500000004,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":2.6473550000000046,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":22.981854999999996,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":329.1688549999999,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":319.39475500000003,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":355.861,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":175.861,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2024,"month":3,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460400.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871935.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":346.7421,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":234.7828,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":21,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":248.0407,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.0407},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":234.7828,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.1162},"yoga":{"number":17,"name":"Vyatīpāta","sum_longitude":221.525},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":41,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.853,"elongation":111.959},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.853,"opposition_distance":68.041}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-6,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.356,"opposition_distance":2.193}]},"city":{"slug":"kollam","name":"Kollam, Kerala","lat":8.8932,"lon":76.6141,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Kerala","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kollam","name":"Kollam, Kerala","lat":8.8932,"lon":76.6141,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Kerala","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:22","sunsetLocal":"18:34","solarNoonLocal":"12:28","dayLengthHours":12.202264980436436,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 12 Mins 08 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 47 Mins 52 Secs","moonriseLocal":"22:59","moonsetLocal":"10:34","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:03","end":"18:34","startHours":17.04593772459844,"endHours":18.571220847152993,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:28","end":"14:00","startHours":12.470088356934774,"endHours":13.995371479489329,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:31","end":"17:03","startHours":15.520654602043884,"endHours":17.04593772459844,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:13","end":"09:37","startHours":9.216151028818391,"endHours":9.62289319483294,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:53","end":"07:12","startHours":6.877383574234742,"endHours":7.20277730704638,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:04","end":"12:53","startHours":12.063346190920228,"endHours":12.876830522949323,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:45","end":"05:33","startHours":4.741987202658366,"endHours":5.555471534687461,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:21","end":"06:22","startHours":5.352100451680187,"endHours":6.368955866716557,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:30","end":"15:19","startHours":14.503799187007516,"endHours":15.317283519036613,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:22","end":"18:46","startHours":18.371220847152994,"endHours":18.771220847152993,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:34","end":"19:05","startHours":18.571220847152993,"endHours":19.079648554671177,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:19","end":"20:04","startHours":18.321220847152993,"endHours":20.071220847152993,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:04","end":"00:53","startHours":24.063346190920225,"endHours":24.876830522949323,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:22","end":"07:54","startHours":6.368955866716557,"endHours":7.894238989271111,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:54","end":"09:25","startHours":7.894238989271111,"endHours":9.419522111825666,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:25","end":"10:57","startHours":9.419522111825666,"endHours":10.944805234380219,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:57","end":"12:28","startHours":10.944805234380219,"endHours":12.470088356934774,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:28","end":"14:00","startHours":12.470088356934774,"endHours":13.995371479489329,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:00","end":"15:31","startHours":13.995371479489329,"endHours":15.520654602043884,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:31","end":"17:03","startHours":15.520654602043884,"endHours":17.04593772459844,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:03","end":"18:34","startHours":17.04593772459844,"endHours":18.571220847152993,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:34","end":"20:03","startHours":18.571220847152993,"endHours":20.04593772459844,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:03","end":"21:31","startHours":20.04593772459844,"endHours":21.520654602043884,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:31","end":"23:00","startHours":21.520654602043884,"endHours":22.99537147948933,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:00","end":"00:28","startHours":22.99537147948933,"endHours":24.470088356934774,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:28","end":"01:57","startHours":24.470088356934774,"endHours":25.94480523438022,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:57","end":"03:25","startHours":25.94480523438022,"endHours":27.419522111825668,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:25","end":"04:54","startHours":27.419522111825668,"endHours":28.894238989271113,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:54","end":"06:22","startHours":28.894238989271113,"endHours":30.368955866716558,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:22","end":"07:22","startHours":6.368955866716557,"endHours":7.368955866716557,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:22","end":"08:22","startHours":7.368955866716557,"endHours":8.368955866716558,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:22","end":"09:22","startHours":8.368955866716558,"endHours":9.368955866716558,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:22","end":"10:22","startHours":9.368955866716558,"endHours":10.368955866716558,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:22","end":"11:22","startHours":10.368955866716558,"endHours":11.368955866716558,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:22","end":"12:22","startHours":11.368955866716558,"endHours":12.368955866716558,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:22","end":"13:22","startHours":12.368955866716558,"endHours":13.368955866716558,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:22","end":"14:22","startHours":13.368955866716558,"endHours":14.368955866716558,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:22","end":"15:22","startHours":14.368955866716558,"endHours":15.368955866716558,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:22","end":"16:22","startHours":15.368955866716558,"endHours":16.368955866716558,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:22","end":"17:22","startHours":16.368955866716558,"endHours":17.368955866716558,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:22","end":"18:22","startHours":17.368955866716558,"endHours":18.368955866716558,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:22","end":"19:22","startHours":18.368955866716558,"endHours":19.368955866716558,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:22","end":"20:22","startHours":19.368955866716558,"endHours":20.368955866716558,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:22","end":"21:22","startHours":20.368955866716558,"endHours":21.368955866716558,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:22","end":"22:22","startHours":21.368955866716558,"endHours":22.368955866716558,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:22","end":"23:22","startHours":22.368955866716558,"endHours":23.368955866716558,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:22","end":"00:22","startHours":23.368955866716558,"endHours":24.368955866716558,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:22","end":"01:22","startHours":24.368955866716558,"endHours":25.368955866716558,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:22","end":"02:22","startHours":25.368955866716558,"endHours":26.368955866716558,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:22","end":"03:22","startHours":26.368955866716558,"endHours":27.368955866716558,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:22","end":"04:22","startHours":27.368955866716558,"endHours":28.368955866716558,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:22","end":"05:22","startHours":28.368955866716558,"endHours":29.368955866716558,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:22","end":"06:22","startHours":29.368955866716558,"endHours":30.368955866716558,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"North-East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Kāṇa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":4.282447766890417,"eotMinutes":-4.661701416086492,"ayanamsa":24.1917}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2081,"vikram_samvatsara":"Piṅgala","saka_samvat":1946,"saka_samvatsara":"Krodhi","bengali_samvat":1431,"malayalam_era":1200,"nanakshahi_year":555,"lunar_month":"Caitra","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Caitra Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_amanta":"Phālguna","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mīna (Paṅkuṇi)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Caitra Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī · Vikram 2081 Piṅgala · Śaka 1946 Krodhi"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kollam"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 31, 2024 CE · Kollam, Kerala · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 31, 2024 CE for Kollam, Kerala: Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī, sūryodaya 06:22, sūryāsta 18:34.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2024-03-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2024-03-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2024-03-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2024-03-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2024-03-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-07-29T05:34:42.463Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-07-29T05:34:42.463Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-07-29T05:34:42.463Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no founder-city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","Divyāṁśa-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}