{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kollam:2023-03-30:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2023-03-30","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2023-03-30","date_display":"March 30, 2023 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":3,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460033.770833,"kali_year":5124,"ahargana":1871568.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":345.0246,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":83.9049,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":9,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Navamī","elongation_degrees":98.8803,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.8803},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2,"moon_longitude":83.9049,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.9049},"yoga":{"number":6,"name":"Atigaṇḍa","sum_longitude":68.9295},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":16,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2023,"month":3,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460033.770833,"ahargana":1871568.2708,"kali_year":5124,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1777,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":344.907577,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":85.202877,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.1891},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":67.74967700000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":357.073277,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":354.498677,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":21.194277,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":308.42477699999995,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":15.3064,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":195.3064,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":3,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460033.770833,"kali_year":5124,"ahargana":1871568.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":345.0246,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":83.9049,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":9,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Navamī","elongation_degrees":98.8803,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.8803},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2,"moon_longitude":83.9049,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.9049},"yoga":{"number":6,"name":"Atigaṇḍa","sum_longitude":68.9295},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":16,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.189,"elongation":98.88},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.189,"opposition_distance":81.12}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kollam","name":"Kollam, Kerala","lat":8.8932,"lon":76.6141,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Kerala","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kollam","name":"Kollam, Kerala","lat":8.8932,"lon":76.6141,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Kerala","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:23","sunsetLocal":"18:34","solarNoonLocal":"12:29","dayLengthHours":12.187877914310654,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 11 Mins 16 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 48 Mins 44 Secs","moonriseLocal":"12:53","moonsetLocal":"01:27","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:00","end":"15:31","startHours":13.998884747753229,"endHours":15.52236948704206,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"06:23","end":"07:54","startHours":6.38146105130907,"endHours":7.9049457905979015,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:26","end":"10:57","startHours":9.428430529886732,"endHours":10.951915269175565,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:14","end":"09:38","startHours":9.225299231314889,"endHours":9.631561828458578,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:53","end":"07:13","startHours":6.889289297738681,"endHours":7.214299375453631,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:04","end":"12:53","startHours":12.069137411320709,"endHours":12.881662605608087,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:45","end":"05:34","startHours":4.756410662734316,"endHours":5.5689358570216925,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:22","end":"06:23","startHours":5.365804558449849,"endHours":6.38146105130907,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:30","end":"15:19","startHours":14.506712994182838,"endHours":15.319238188470214,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:22","end":"18:46","startHours":18.369338965619725,"endHours":18.769338965619724,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:34","end":"19:05","startHours":18.569338965619725,"endHours":19.077167212049336,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:19","end":"20:04","startHours":18.319338965619725,"endHours":20.069338965619725,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:04","end":"00:53","startHours":24.06913741132071,"endHours":24.881662605608085,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:23","end":"07:54","startHours":6.38146105130907,"endHours":7.9049457905979015,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"07:54","end":"09:26","startHours":7.9049457905979015,"endHours":9.428430529886732,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:26","end":"10:57","startHours":9.428430529886732,"endHours":10.951915269175565,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:57","end":"12:29","startHours":10.951915269175565,"endHours":12.475400008464398,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:29","end":"14:00","startHours":12.475400008464398,"endHours":13.998884747753229,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"14:00","end":"15:31","startHours":13.998884747753229,"endHours":15.52236948704206,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:31","end":"17:03","startHours":15.52236948704206,"endHours":17.045854226330892,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:03","end":"18:34","startHours":17.045854226330892,"endHours":18.569338965619725,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"18:34","end":"20:03","startHours":18.569338965619725,"endHours":20.045854226330892,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"20:03","end":"21:31","startHours":20.045854226330892,"endHours":21.522369487042063,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:31","end":"23:00","startHours":21.522369487042063,"endHours":22.99888474775323,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"23:00","end":"00:29","startHours":22.99888474775323,"endHours":24.475400008464398,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:29","end":"01:57","startHours":24.475400008464398,"endHours":25.951915269175565,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"01:57","end":"03:26","startHours":25.951915269175565,"endHours":27.428430529886732,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:26","end":"04:54","startHours":27.428430529886732,"endHours":28.904945790597903,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"04:54","end":"06:23","startHours":28.904945790597903,"endHours":30.38146105130907,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:23","end":"07:23","startHours":6.38146105130907,"endHours":7.38146105130907,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:23","end":"08:23","startHours":7.38146105130907,"endHours":8.38146105130907,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:23","end":"09:23","startHours":8.38146105130907,"endHours":9.38146105130907,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:23","end":"10:23","startHours":9.38146105130907,"endHours":10.38146105130907,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:23","end":"11:23","startHours":10.38146105130907,"endHours":11.38146105130907,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:23","end":"12:23","startHours":11.38146105130907,"endHours":12.38146105130907,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:23","end":"13:23","startHours":12.38146105130907,"endHours":13.38146105130907,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:23","end":"14:23","startHours":13.38146105130907,"endHours":14.38146105130907,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:23","end":"15:23","startHours":14.38146105130907,"endHours":15.38146105130907,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:23","end":"16:23","startHours":15.38146105130907,"endHours":16.38146105130907,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:23","end":"17:23","startHours":16.38146105130907,"endHours":17.38146105130907,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:23","end":"18:23","startHours":17.38146105130907,"endHours":18.38146105130907,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:23","end":"19:23","startHours":18.38146105130907,"endHours":19.38146105130907,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:23","end":"20:23","startHours":19.38146105130907,"endHours":20.38146105130907,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:23","end":"21:23","startHours":20.38146105130907,"endHours":21.38146105130907,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:23","end":"22:23","startHours":21.38146105130907,"endHours":22.38146105130907,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:23","end":"23:23","startHours":22.38146105130907,"endHours":23.38146105130907,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:23","end":"00:23","startHours":23.38146105130907,"endHours":24.38146105130907,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:23","end":"01:23","startHours":24.38146105130907,"endHours":25.38146105130907,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:23","end":"02:23","startHours":25.38146105130907,"endHours":26.38146105130907,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:23","end":"03:23","startHours":26.38146105130907,"endHours":27.38146105130907,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:23","end":"04:23","startHours":27.38146105130907,"endHours":28.38146105130907,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:23","end":"05:23","startHours":28.38146105130907,"endHours":29.38146105130907,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:23","end":"06:23","startHours":29.38146105130907,"endHours":30.38146105130907,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Gada","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":3.6007554366890684,"eotMinutes":-4.980400507863914,"ayanamsa":24.1777}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2080,"vikram_samvatsara":"Nala","saka_samvat":1945,"saka_samvatsara":"Śobhana","bengali_samvat":1430,"malayalam_era":1199,"nanakshahi_year":554,"lunar_month":"Caitra","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Caitra Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_amanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mīna (Paṅkuṇi)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Caitra Śukla Navamī · Vikram 2080 Nala · Śaka 1945 Śobhana"},"festivals":[{"id":"rama-navami","name":"Rāma Navamī","name_sanskrit":"राम नवमी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Rāma (18th avatāra of Krishna)","deity_avatara_index":18,"significance":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā. Sūryavaṃśa's most exalted moment.","vrata":true,"primary_observance":"Madhyāhna (noon) abhiṣekam in Ayodhyā tradition","detection":{"tithi_number":9,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Caitra"},"precedence":1,"related_chart":"rama","historical_anchor":{"event":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā","date_julian":"-1626101-04-03","location":"Ayodhyā"},"sources":["Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa, Bāla-Kāṇḍa 1.18"]}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"rama-navami-walk","name":"Rāma Navamī Walk","name_sanskrit":"राम नवमी यात्रा","type":"festival","description":"Vālmīki Bāla-Kāṇḍa selections + BG 4.7-8 (avatāra principle).","step_count":9,"url":"/walk/rama-navami-walk"},"reason":"Today is Rāma Navamī — its dedicated walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-1626101-04-03","event":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā","chart_id":"rama","shared_marker":"same Śukla Navamī + Punarvasu","url":"/day/-1626101-04-03","relevance":1}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kollam"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 30, 2023 CE · Kollam, Kerala · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 30, 2023 CE for Kollam, Kerala: Śukla Navamī, sūryodaya 06:23, sūryāsta 18:34.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2023-03-30","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2023-03-30","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2023-03-30","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2023-03-30","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2023-03-30"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-07-29T04:33:58.403Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-07-29T04:33:58.403Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-07-29T04:33:58.403Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no founder-city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","Divyāṁśa-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}