{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kollam:2022-04-30:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2022-04-30","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2022-04-30","date_display":"April 30, 2022 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2022,"month":4,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459699.770833,"kali_year":5124,"ahargana":1871234.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":15.5466,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":7.3882,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":351.8416,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.8416},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":7.3882,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.3882},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":22.9348},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":58,"name":"Catuṣpāda"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2022,"month":4,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459699.770833,"ahargana":1871234.2708,"kali_year":5124,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1649,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":15.531137999999999,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":6.236438000000021,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-1.9438},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":316.78033800000003,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":35.78733799999998,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":333.614338,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":332.55233799999996,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":300.1080380000001,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":33.0033,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":213.0033,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2022,"month":4,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459699.770833,"kali_year":5124,"ahargana":1871234.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":15.5466,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":7.3882,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":351.8416,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.8416},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":7.3882,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.3882},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":22.9348},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":58,"name":"Catuṣpāda"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.944,"elongation":8.158},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.944,"opposition_distance":171.842}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":16,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.329,"opposition_distance":2.986}]},"city":{"slug":"kollam","name":"Kollam, Kerala","lat":8.8932,"lon":76.6141,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Kerala","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kollam","name":"Kollam, Kerala","lat":8.8932,"lon":76.6141,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Kerala","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:08","sunsetLocal":"18:34","solarNoonLocal":"12:21","dayLengthHours":12.430424894784345,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 25 Mins 50 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 34 Mins 10 Secs","moonriseLocal":"05:34","moonsetLocal":"17:53","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:14","end":"10:48","startHours":9.23836275648388,"endHours":10.792165868331923,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:54","end":"15:27","startHours":13.899772092028009,"endHours":15.453575203876053,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:08","end":"07:41","startHours":6.130756532787793,"endHours":7.684559644635836,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:02","end":"09:27","startHours":9.031189008237474,"endHours":9.445536504730285,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:39","end":"06:59","startHours":6.648690903403808,"endHours":6.980168900598057,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:56","end":"12:46","startHours":11.931621483687154,"endHours":12.760316476672775,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:28","end":"05:18","startHours":4.473366546816547,"endHours":5.30206153980217,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:06","end":"06:08","startHours":5.094887791555765,"endHours":6.130756532787793,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:25","end":"15:15","startHours":14.417706462644023,"endHours":15.246401455629647,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:22","end":"18:46","startHours":18.361181427572138,"endHours":18.761181427572136,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:34","end":"19:05","startHours":18.561181427572137,"endHours":19.079115798188152,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:19","end":"20:04","startHours":18.311181427572137,"endHours":20.061181427572137,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:56","end":"00:46","startHours":23.931621483687152,"endHours":24.760316476672777,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:08","end":"07:41","startHours":6.130756532787793,"endHours":7.684559644635836,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:41","end":"09:14","startHours":7.684559644635836,"endHours":9.23836275648388,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:14","end":"10:48","startHours":9.23836275648388,"endHours":10.792165868331923,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:48","end":"12:21","startHours":10.792165868331923,"endHours":12.345968980179965,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:21","end":"13:54","startHours":12.345968980179965,"endHours":13.899772092028009,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:54","end":"15:27","startHours":13.899772092028009,"endHours":15.453575203876053,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:27","end":"17:00","startHours":15.453575203876053,"endHours":17.007378315724093,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:00","end":"18:34","startHours":17.007378315724093,"endHours":18.561181427572137,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:34","end":"20:00","startHours":18.561181427572137,"endHours":20.007378315724093,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:00","end":"21:27","startHours":20.007378315724093,"endHours":21.45357520387605,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:27","end":"22:54","startHours":21.45357520387605,"endHours":22.89977209202801,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:54","end":"00:21","startHours":22.89977209202801,"endHours":24.345968980179965,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:21","end":"01:48","startHours":24.345968980179965,"endHours":25.79216586833192,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:48","end":"03:14","startHours":25.79216586833192,"endHours":27.23836275648388,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:14","end":"04:41","startHours":27.23836275648388,"endHours":28.684559644635836,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:41","end":"06:08","startHours":28.684559644635836,"endHours":30.130756532787792,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:08","end":"07:08","startHours":6.130756532787793,"endHours":7.130756532787793,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:08","end":"08:08","startHours":7.130756532787793,"endHours":8.130756532787792,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:08","end":"09:08","startHours":8.130756532787792,"endHours":9.130756532787792,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:08","end":"10:08","startHours":9.130756532787792,"endHours":10.130756532787792,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:08","end":"11:08","startHours":10.130756532787792,"endHours":11.130756532787792,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:08","end":"12:08","startHours":11.130756532787792,"endHours":12.130756532787792,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:08","end":"13:08","startHours":12.130756532787792,"endHours":13.130756532787792,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:08","end":"14:08","startHours":13.130756532787792,"endHours":14.130756532787792,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:08","end":"15:08","startHours":14.130756532787792,"endHours":15.130756532787792,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:08","end":"16:08","startHours":15.130756532787792,"endHours":16.130756532787792,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:08","end":"17:08","startHours":16.130756532787792,"endHours":17.130756532787792,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:08","end":"18:08","startHours":17.130756532787792,"endHours":18.130756532787792,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:08","end":"19:08","startHours":18.130756532787792,"endHours":19.130756532787792,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:08","end":"20:08","startHours":19.130756532787792,"endHours":20.130756532787792,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:08","end":"21:08","startHours":20.130756532787792,"endHours":21.130756532787792,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:08","end":"22:08","startHours":21.130756532787792,"endHours":22.130756532787792,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:08","end":"23:08","startHours":22.130756532787792,"endHours":23.130756532787792,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:08","end":"00:08","startHours":23.130756532787792,"endHours":24.130756532787792,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:08","end":"01:08","startHours":24.130756532787792,"endHours":25.130756532787792,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:08","end":"02:08","startHours":25.130756532787792,"endHours":26.130756532787792,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:08","end":"03:08","startHours":26.130756532787792,"endHours":27.130756532787792,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:08","end":"04:08","startHours":27.130756532787792,"endHours":28.130756532787792,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:08","end":"05:08","startHours":28.130756532787792,"endHours":29.130756532787792,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:08","end":"06:08","startHours":29.130756532787792,"endHours":30.130756532787792,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Rākṣasa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":14.716562050618846,"eotMinutes":2.785461189202204,"ayanamsa":24.1649}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2079,"vikram_samvatsara":"Rākṣasa","saka_samvat":1944,"saka_samvatsara":"Śubhakṛt","bengali_samvat":1429,"malayalam_era":1198,"nanakshahi_year":553,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_amanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā · Vikram 2079 Rākṣasa · Śaka 1944 Śubhakṛt"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kollam"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 30, 2022 CE · Kollam, Kerala · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 30, 2022 CE for Kollam, Kerala: Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā, sūryodaya 06:08, sūryāsta 18:34.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2022-04-30","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2022-04-30","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2022-04-30","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2022-04-30","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kollam/2022-04-30"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-07-29T04:29:15.592Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-07-29T04:29:15.592Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-07-29T04:29:15.592Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no founder-city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","Divyāṁśa-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}