{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolkata:2026-09-30:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolkata/2026-09-30","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2026-09-30","date_display":"September 30, 2026 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2026,"month":9,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461313.770833,"kali_year":5128,"ahargana":1872848.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":161.8669,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":23.9191,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":222.0523,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.0523},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":23.9191,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.5858},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":185.786},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":37,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2026,"month":9,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461313.770833,"ahargana":1872848.2708,"kali_year":5128,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2266,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":162.67667099999994,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":25.963870999999983,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.3742},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":96.56597099999999,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":184.773371,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":114.98157100000003,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":193.805471,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":347.467171,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":307.4858,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":127.4858,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2026,"month":9,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461313.770833,"kali_year":5128,"ahargana":1872848.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":161.8669,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":23.9191,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":222.0523,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.0523},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":23.9191,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.5858},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":185.786},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":37,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.374,"elongation":137.948},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.374,"opposition_distance":42.052}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-19,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-1.193,"elongation":0.557}]},"city":{"slug":"kolkata","name":"Kolkata, West Bengal","lat":22.5726,"lon":88.3639,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"mega","elevation_m":9},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolkata","name":"Kolkata, West Bengal","lat":22.5726,"lon":88.3639,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"mega","elevation_m":9},"sunriseLocal":"05:27","sunsetLocal":"17:25","solarNoonLocal":"11:26","dayLengthHours":11.968426338977906,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 58 Mins 06 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 01 Mins 54 Secs","moonriseLocal":"19:46","moonsetLocal":"08:52","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"11:26","end":"12:55","startHours":11.428328728083574,"endHours":12.924382020455813,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"06:56","end":"08:26","startHours":6.94016885096686,"endHours":8.436222143339098,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:56","end":"11:26","startHours":9.932275435711336,"endHours":11.428328728083574,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:14","end":"08:38","startHours":8.2367483710228,"endHours":8.635695915655397,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:57","end":"06:16","startHours":5.942799989385368,"endHours":6.261958025091445,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:02","end":"11:50","startHours":11.029381183450978,"endHours":11.82727627271617,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:51","end":"04:39","startHours":3.8483253800642347,"endHours":4.646220469329428,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:27","end":"05:27","startHours":4.44674669701313,"endHours":5.444115558594622,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:25","end":"14:13","startHours":13.423066451246559,"endHours":14.220961540511752,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:13","end":"17:37","startHours":17.212541897572528,"endHours":17.612541897572527,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:25","end":"17:55","startHours":17.412541897572527,"endHours":17.911226328363274,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:10","end":"18:55","startHours":17.162541897572527,"endHours":18.912541897572527,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:02","end":"23:50","startHours":23.029381183450976,"endHours":23.827276272716173,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"05:27","end":"06:56","startHours":5.444115558594622,"endHours":6.94016885096686,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:56","end":"08:26","startHours":6.94016885096686,"endHours":8.436222143339098,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"08:26","end":"09:56","startHours":8.436222143339098,"endHours":9.932275435711336,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"09:56","end":"11:26","startHours":9.932275435711336,"endHours":11.428328728083574,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"11:26","end":"12:55","startHours":11.428328728083574,"endHours":12.924382020455813,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:55","end":"14:25","startHours":12.924382020455813,"endHours":14.420435312828051,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"14:25","end":"15:55","startHours":14.420435312828051,"endHours":15.91648860520029,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"15:55","end":"17:25","startHours":15.91648860520029,"endHours":17.412541897572527,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:25","end":"18:55","startHours":17.412541897572527,"endHours":18.91648860520029,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"18:55","end":"20:25","startHours":18.91648860520029,"endHours":20.42043531282805,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"20:25","end":"21:55","startHours":20.42043531282805,"endHours":21.924382020455813,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:55","end":"23:26","startHours":21.924382020455813,"endHours":23.428328728083574,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"23:26","end":"00:56","startHours":23.428328728083574,"endHours":24.932275435711336,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:56","end":"02:26","startHours":24.932275435711336,"endHours":26.436222143339098,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"02:26","end":"03:56","startHours":26.436222143339098,"endHours":27.94016885096686,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:56","end":"05:27","startHours":27.94016885096686,"endHours":29.44411555859462,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:27","end":"06:27","startHours":5.444115558594622,"endHours":6.444115558594622,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:27","end":"07:27","startHours":6.444115558594622,"endHours":7.444115558594622,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:27","end":"08:27","startHours":7.444115558594622,"endHours":8.444115558594621,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:27","end":"09:27","startHours":8.444115558594621,"endHours":9.444115558594621,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:27","end":"10:27","startHours":9.444115558594621,"endHours":10.444115558594621,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:27","end":"11:27","startHours":10.444115558594621,"endHours":11.444115558594621,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:27","end":"12:27","startHours":11.444115558594621,"endHours":12.444115558594621,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:27","end":"13:27","startHours":12.444115558594621,"endHours":13.444115558594621,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:27","end":"14:27","startHours":13.444115558594621,"endHours":14.444115558594621,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:27","end":"15:27","startHours":14.444115558594621,"endHours":15.444115558594621,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:27","end":"16:27","startHours":15.444115558594621,"endHours":16.44411555859462,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:27","end":"17:27","startHours":16.44411555859462,"endHours":17.44411555859462,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:27","end":"18:27","startHours":17.44411555859462,"endHours":18.44411555859462,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:27","end":"19:27","startHours":18.44411555859462,"endHours":19.44411555859462,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:27","end":"20:27","startHours":19.44411555859462,"endHours":20.44411555859462,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:27","end":"21:27","startHours":20.44411555859462,"endHours":21.44411555859462,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:27","end":"22:27","startHours":21.44411555859462,"endHours":22.44411555859462,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:27","end":"23:27","startHours":22.44411555859462,"endHours":23.44411555859462,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:27","end":"00:27","startHours":23.44411555859462,"endHours":24.44411555859462,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:27","end":"01:27","startHours":24.44411555859462,"endHours":25.44411555859462,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:27","end":"02:27","startHours":25.44411555859462,"endHours":26.44411555859462,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:27","end":"03:27","startHours":26.44411555859462,"endHours":27.44411555859462,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:27","end":"04:27","startHours":27.44411555859462,"endHours":28.44411555859462,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:27","end":"05:27","startHours":28.44411555859462,"endHours":29.44411555859462,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Padma","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-2.7400611832137507,"eotMinutes":10.844676314985584,"ayanamsa":24.2266}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2083,"vikram_samvatsara":"Siddhārthī","saka_samvat":1948,"saka_samvatsara":"Parābhava","bengali_samvat":1433,"malayalam_era":1202,"nanakshahi_year":557,"lunar_month":"Āśvina","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Āśvina","lunar_month_amanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Kanyā (Puraṭṭāsi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Caturthī · Vikram 2083 Siddhārthī · Śaka 1948 Parābhava"},"festivals":[{"id":"sankashti-chaturthi","name":"Saṅkaṣṭī Caturthī","name_sanskrit":"सङ्कष्टी चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa","significance":"Monthly Gaṇeśa vrata.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":19,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Dedicated festival walk for Saṅkaṣṭī Caturthī is not live yet; Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolkata"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga September 30, 2026 CE · Kolkata, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"September 30, 2026 CE for Kolkata, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Caturthī, sūryodaya 05:27, sūryāsta 17:25.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolkata/2026-09-30","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolkata/2026-09-30","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolkata/2026-09-30","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolkata/2026-09-30","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolkata/2026-09-30"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-07-23T17:20:24.492Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-07-23T17:20:24.492Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-07-23T17:20:24.492Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no founder-city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","Divyāṁśa-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}