{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolkata:2025-05-13:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolkata/2025-05-13","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2025-05-13","date_display":"May 13, 2025 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta (Burgess 1860 text, no bīja): Sun and Moon by the equation of the apsis with the 24-sine table","engine_version":"3.0 (text of the Sūrya Siddhānta)","accuracy_note":"Siddhāntic places, not the observed sky. Against the observed sky 1900-2030 the Moon averages -0.06 deg (max 3.6 deg), the Sun -0.21 deg (max 0.6 deg).","tradition_chain":"Sūrya Siddhānta, tr. E. Burgess (JAOS 6, 1860): I.29-47, II.15-45","input":{"year":2025,"month":5,"day":12,"hour":28.052266666666668,"minute":41.64,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460808.697761,"kali_year":5127,"ahargana":1872343.1978,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":28.122,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":211.8899,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":16,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pratipada","elongation_degrees":183.768,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.768},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":211.8899,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.8899},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":240.0119},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":30,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta four-step process (II.43-44), tabular sines, even/odd epicycles, no bīja; verified against Burgess 1860 worked example","engine_version":"4.0 (Pūrṇa — Burgess text, 2026-09-26)","tradition_sources":"Sūrya Siddhānta Ch. I-III, tr. E. Burgess (JAOS 6, 1860)","input":{"year":2025,"month":5,"day":12,"hour":28.052266666666668,"minute":41.64,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460808.697761,"ahargana":1872343.1978,"kali_year":5127,"ayanamsa":22.8911,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":28.122,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":211.8899,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.8002},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":105.7706,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":14.1271,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":62.9735,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":341.8661,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":327.648,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":334.247,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":154.247,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta (Burgess 1860 text, no bīja): Sun and Moon by the equation of the apsis with the 24-sine table","engine_version":"3.0 (text of the Sūrya Siddhānta)","accuracy_note":"Siddhāntic places, not the observed sky. Against the observed sky 1900-2030 the Moon averages -0.06 deg (max 3.6 deg), the Sun -0.21 deg (max 0.6 deg).","tradition_chain":"Sūrya Siddhānta, tr. E. Burgess (JAOS 6, 1860): I.29-47, II.15-45","input":{"year":2025,"month":5,"day":12,"hour":28.052266666666668,"minute":41.64,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460808.697761,"kali_year":5127,"ahargana":1872343.1978,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":28.122,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":211.8899,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":16,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pratipada","elongation_degrees":183.768,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.768},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":211.8899,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.8899},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":240.0119},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":30,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.8,"elongation":176.232},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.8,"opposition_distance":3.768}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolkata","name":"Kolkata, West Bengal","lat":22.5726,"lon":88.3639,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"mega","elevation_m":9},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolkata","name":"Kolkata, West Bengal","lat":22.5726,"lon":88.3639,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"mega","elevation_m":9},"sunriseLocal":"05:12","sunsetLocal":"18:15","solarNoonLocal":"11:43","dayLengthHours":13.059821996837854,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 03 Mins 35 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 56 Mins 25 Secs","moonriseLocal":"19:05","moonsetLocal":"05:16","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:59","end":"16:37","startHours":14.988863217644393,"endHours":16.621340967249125},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:28","end":"10:05","startHours":8.458952219225466,"endHours":10.091429968830198},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:43","end":"13:21","startHours":11.72390771843493,"endHours":13.356385468039662},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:17","end":"12:10","startHours":11.283333333333333,"endHours":12.166666666666666},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:44","end":"04:28","startHours":3.7333333333333334,"endHours":4.466666666666667},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:09","end":"18:21","startHours":18.15,"endHours":18.35},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśītha","start":"23:21","end":"00:05","startHours":23.35,"endHours":24.083333333333332},"sourcedMuhurtas":{"success":true,"date":"2025-05-13","sunrise":"05:12","sunset":"18:15","timezone":"UTC+5.5","calculation_method":"surya_siddhanta (II.59-63, II.46)","rahu_kalam":{"name":"Rāhu Kālam","sanskrit":"राहु काल","start":"14:59","end":"16:37","duration_minutes":97.9,"rule":"part 7 of the day's 8 (Sun 8, Mon 2, Tue 7, Wed 5, Thu 6, Fri 4, Sat 3)","source":"South Indian almanac table (Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala); no verse found in BPHS, Bṛhatsaṃhitā, Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Muhūrta-mārtaṇḍa, Nārada-saṃhitā, Phaladīpikā, Dharmasindhu, Nirṇayasindhu or Praśna-mārga","sources_say":["Uttara-kālāmṛta 2.29 (post-16th century; read in P. S. Sastri's English): not to bathe in the sea during it. The editor: \"Standard texts have no mention of it.\""],"evidence":"regional convention"},"yamaganda_kalam":{"name":"Yamaghaṇṭaka (Yamagaṇḍa) Kālam","sanskrit":"यमघण्टक","start":"08:28","end":"10:05","duration_minutes":97.9,"rule":"Jupiter's eighth of the day: part 3 of 8, counted from Mars","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 33: listed with Ardhapraharam and Kālan as periods to be set aside","Phaladīpikā 25.19-20 (as a natal upagraha): Yamakaṇṭaka acts like Jupiter, the strongest of the upagrahas at giving good","Muhūrtacintāmaṇi 1.37-39 counts a Yamaghaṇṭa among the faulty moments (duṣṭakṣaṇa), in sixteenths of the day: the second half of this eighth"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},"gulika_kalam":{"name":"Gulika Kālam","sanskrit":"गुलिक","start":"11:43","end":"13:21","duration_minutes":97.9,"rule":"Saturn's eighth of the day: part 5 of 8, counted from Mars","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 34 (tr. N. P. Subramania Iyer, 1917): for harvest, trade, medical treatment and the study of the Vedas \"Gulika has no evil force\"; ch. 33 note: \"Gulika is not considered inauspicious\"","Phaladīpikā 25.20 (as a natal upagraha): Gulika acts like Saturn"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},"brahma_muhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","sanskrit":"ब्रह्म मुहूर्त","start":"03:44","end":"04:28","duration_minutes":43.8,"rule":"the 14th fifteenth of the night ending at this sunrise","source":"Manusmṛti 4.92; Aṣṭāṅgahṛdaya Sūtra 2.1, with Aruṇadatta and Hemādri","sources_say":["Manusmṛti 4.92: \"brāhme muhūrte budhyeta\" (one should wake in the brāhma muhūrta and reflect on dharma and the Veda)","Aṣṭāṅgahṛdaya Sūtra 2.1: \"brāhme muhūrta uttiṣṭhet svastho rakṣārtham āyuṣaḥ\" (the healthy should rise then, to protect life)","Aruṇadatta: \"rātreś caturdaśo muhūrto brāhmo muhūrtaḥ\"; Hemādri: \"rātreś copāntyo muhūrto brāhmaḥ\" (wording through a journal article)"],"evidence":"secondary","note":"Manu and Vāgbhaṭa name it; the 14th of the night is the commentators' definition"},"abhijit_muhurta":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","sanskrit":"अभिजित् मुहूर्त","start":"11:17","end":"12:10","duration_minutes":52.2,"rule":"the 8th fifteenth of the day, around midday","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.7-8; Muhūrta-gaṇapati 83-86; Nārada-saṃhitā 9.4-5","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.8: \"tena yānam apahāya dakṣiṇāṃ sarvadikṣv abhijit praśasyate\" (under Abhijit, travel in every direction but the south is praised)","Muhūrta-gaṇapati 83-84: in Abhijit, even where faults exist, one may do all auspicious work except travel to the south","Vālmīki-Rāmāyaṇa 6.4.3 calls the midday muhūrta Vijaya (\"yukto muhūrto vijayaḥ prāpto madhyaṃ divākaraḥ\")"],"evidence":"verse read"},"nishitha":{"name":"Niśītha","sanskrit":"निशीथ","start":"23:21","end":"00:05","duration_minutes":43.7,"rule":"the 8th fifteenth of the night: the middle of the night (not clock midnight)","source":"Dharmasindhu; Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Yātrā 11.54","sources_say":["Dharmasindhu: niśītha is the middle of the night, finely the 8th muhūrta; the instant at which a tithi is taken for night observances","Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Yātrā 11.54: for travel, niśītha except toward the north"],"evidence":"verse read (OCR)"},"godhuli":{"name":"Godhūli","sanskrit":"गोधूलि","start":"18:09","end":"18:21","duration_minutes":12,"rule":"15 pala before and after the half-set Sun (the text's sunset is the Sun's centre on the horizon)","source":"Muhūrta-mārtaṇḍa, Vivāha 38 (citing the Jyotirnibandha); Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Vivāha 6.100-101","sources_say":["Muhūrtacintāmaṇi 6.100: \"godhūliḥ sā munibhir uditā sarvakāryeṣu praśastā\" (the sages declared godhūli praised for all works)","Muhūrta-mārtaṇḍa, Vivāha 38: a lagna for marriage when no other good lagna is available","Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Yātrā 11.54: for travel, godhūli except toward the west"],"evidence":"verse read (OCR)","note":"MC 6.101 places the instant by season (in hemanta the rayless disk, in the hot season the half-set Sun, in the rains the Sun fully set); the half-set form is given"},"kala_vela":{"day":[{"name":"Gulika (day)","sanskrit":"गुलिक","start":"11:43","end":"13:21","duration_minutes":97.9,"rule":"Saturn's eighth of the day: part 5 of 8, counted from Mars","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 34 (tr. N. P. Subramania Iyer, 1917): for harvest, trade, medical treatment and the study of the Vedas \"Gulika has no evil force\"; ch. 33 note: \"Gulika is not considered inauspicious\"","Phaladīpikā 25.20 (as a natal upagraha): Gulika acts like Saturn"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Yamaghaṇṭaka (day)","sanskrit":"यमघण्टक","start":"08:28","end":"10:05","duration_minutes":97.9,"rule":"Jupiter's eighth of the day: part 3 of 8, counted from Mars","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 33: listed with Ardhapraharam and Kālan as periods to be set aside","Phaladīpikā 25.19-20 (as a natal upagraha): Yamakaṇṭaka acts like Jupiter, the strongest of the upagrahas at giving good","Muhūrtacintāmaṇi 1.37-39 counts a Yamaghaṇṭa among the faulty moments (duṣṭakṣaṇa), in sixteenths of the day: the second half of this eighth"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Kāla (day)","sanskrit":"काल","start":"13:21","end":"14:59","duration_minutes":97.9,"rule":"Sun's eighth of the day: part 6 of 8, counted from Mars","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 33: Kālan, to be set aside","Phaladīpikā 25.20: acts like Rāhu"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Mṛtyu (day)","sanskrit":"मृत्यु","start":"05:12","end":"06:50","duration_minutes":97.9,"rule":"Mars's eighth of the day: part 1 of 8, counted from Mars","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Ardhaprahara (day)","sanskrit":"अर्धप्रहर","start":"06:50","end":"08:28","duration_minutes":97.9,"rule":"Mercury's eighth of the day: part 2 of 8, counted from Mars","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 33: Ardhapraharam, to be set aside","Phaladīpikā 25.20: acts like Mercury"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"}],"night":[{"name":"Gulika (night)","sanskrit":"गुलिक","start":"18:15","end":"19:37","duration_minutes":82,"rule":"Saturn's eighth of the night: part 1 of 8, counted from Saturn","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 34 (tr. N. P. Subramania Iyer, 1917): for harvest, trade, medical treatment and the study of the Vedas \"Gulika has no evil force\"; ch. 33 note: \"Gulika is not considered inauspicious\"","Phaladīpikā 25.20 (as a natal upagraha): Gulika acts like Saturn"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Yamaghaṇṭaka (night)","sanskrit":"यमघण्टक","start":"01:05","end":"02:27","duration_minutes":82,"rule":"Jupiter's eighth of the night: part 6 of 8, counted from Saturn","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 33: listed with Ardhapraharam and Kālan as periods to be set aside","Phaladīpikā 25.19-20 (as a natal upagraha): Yamakaṇṭaka acts like Jupiter, the strongest of the upagrahas at giving good","Muhūrtacintāmaṇi 1.37-39 counts a Yamaghaṇṭa among the faulty moments (duṣṭakṣaṇa), in sixteenths of the day: the second half of this eighth"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Kāla (night)","sanskrit":"काल","start":"19:37","end":"20:59","duration_minutes":82,"rule":"Sun's eighth of the night: part 2 of 8, counted from Saturn","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 33: Kālan, to be set aside","Phaladīpikā 25.20: acts like Rāhu"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Mṛtyu (night)","sanskrit":"मृत्यु","start":"22:21","end":"23:43","duration_minutes":82,"rule":"Mars's eighth of the night: part 4 of 8, counted from Saturn","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Ardhaprahara (night)","sanskrit":"अर्धप्रहर","start":"23:43","end":"01:05","duration_minutes":82,"rule":"Mercury's eighth of the night: part 5 of 8, counted from Saturn","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 33: Ardhapraharam, to be set aside","Phaladīpikā 25.20: acts like Mercury"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"}]},"day_muhurtas":[{"name":"Śiva","sanskrit":"शिव","deity":"Śiva","start":"05:12","end":"06:04","duration_minutes":52.2,"rule":"the 1th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Bhujaga","sanskrit":"भुजग","deity":"Bhujaga","start":"06:04","end":"06:56","duration_minutes":52.2,"rule":"the 2th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Mitra","sanskrit":"मित्र","deity":"Mitra","start":"06:56","end":"07:48","duration_minutes":52.2,"rule":"the 3th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Pitṛ","sanskrit":"पितृ","deity":"Pitṛ","start":"07:48","end":"08:41","duration_minutes":52.2,"rule":"the 4th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Vasu","sanskrit":"वसु","deity":"Vasu","start":"08:41","end":"09:33","duration_minutes":52.2,"rule":"the 5th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Jala","sanskrit":"जल","deity":"Jala","start":"09:33","end":"10:25","duration_minutes":52.2,"rule":"the 6th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Viśva","sanskrit":"विश्व","deity":"Viśva","start":"10:25","end":"11:17","duration_minutes":52.2,"rule":"the 7th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Viriñci (Abhijit)","sanskrit":"विरिञ्चि","deity":"Viriñci (Abhijit)","start":"11:17","end":"12:10","duration_minutes":52.2,"rule":"the 8th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Paṅkajaprabhava (Brahmā)","sanskrit":"पङ्कजप्रभव","deity":"Paṅkajaprabhava (Brahmā)","start":"12:10","end":"13:02","duration_minutes":52.2,"rule":"the 9th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Indra","sanskrit":"इन्द्र","deity":"Indra","start":"13:02","end":"13:54","duration_minutes":52.2,"rule":"the 10th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Indrāgnī","sanskrit":"इन्द्राग्नी","deity":"Indrāgnī","start":"13:54","end":"14:46","duration_minutes":52.2,"rule":"the 11th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Niśācara","sanskrit":"निशाचर","deity":"Niśācara","start":"14:46","end":"15:39","duration_minutes":52.2,"rule":"the 12th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Varuṇa","sanskrit":"वरुण","deity":"Varuṇa","start":"15:39","end":"16:31","duration_minutes":52.2,"rule":"the 13th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Aryaman","sanskrit":"अर्यमन्","deity":"Aryaman","start":"16:31","end":"17:23","duration_minutes":52.2,"rule":"the 14th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Yoni (Bhaga)","sanskrit":"योनि","deity":"Yoni (Bhaga)","start":"17:23","end":"18:15","duration_minutes":52.2,"rule":"the 15th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"}],"night_muhurtas":[{"name":"Rudra","sanskrit":"रुद्र","deity":"Rudra","start":"18:15","end":"18:59","duration_minutes":43.7,"rule":"the 1th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Aja","sanskrit":"अज","deity":"Aja","start":"18:59","end":"19:43","duration_minutes":43.7,"rule":"the 2th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Ahirbudhnya","sanskrit":"अहिर्बुध्न्य","deity":"Ahirbudhnya","start":"19:43","end":"20:26","duration_minutes":43.7,"rule":"the 3th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Pūṣan","sanskrit":"पूषन्","deity":"Pūṣan","start":"20:26","end":"21:10","duration_minutes":43.7,"rule":"the 4th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Dasra","sanskrit":"दस्र","deity":"Dasra","start":"21:10","end":"21:54","duration_minutes":43.7,"rule":"the 5th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Antaka","sanskrit":"अन्तक","deity":"Antaka","start":"21:54","end":"22:38","duration_minutes":43.7,"rule":"the 6th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Agni","sanskrit":"अग्नि","deity":"Agni","start":"22:38","end":"23:21","duration_minutes":43.7,"rule":"the 7th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Dhātṛ","sanskrit":"धातृ","deity":"Dhātṛ","start":"23:21","end":"00:05","duration_minutes":43.7,"rule":"the 8th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Indu","sanskrit":"इन्दु","deity":"Indu","start":"00:05","end":"00:49","duration_minutes":43.7,"rule":"the 9th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Aditi","sanskrit":"अदिति","deity":"Aditi","start":"00:49","end":"01:32","duration_minutes":43.7,"rule":"the 10th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Guru","sanskrit":"गुरु","deity":"Guru","start":"01:32","end":"02:16","duration_minutes":43.7,"rule":"the 11th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Hari","sanskrit":"हरि","deity":"Hari","start":"02:16","end":"03:00","duration_minutes":43.7,"rule":"the 12th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Ravi","sanskrit":"रवि","deity":"Ravi","start":"03:00","end":"03:44","duration_minutes":43.7,"rule":"the 13th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Tvaṣṭṛ","sanskrit":"त्वष्टृ","deity":"Tvaṣṭṛ","start":"03:44","end":"04:27","duration_minutes":43.7,"rule":"the 14th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Anila","sanskrit":"अनिल","deity":"Anila","start":"04:27","end":"05:11","duration_minutes":43.7,"rule":"the 15th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"}],"vara_lord":"Maṅgala","vara_sanskrit":"मंगलवार","not_computed":[{"name":"Vijaya muhūrta as \"the second half of the 7th muhūrta\"","reason":"no source; Rāmāyaṇa 6.4.3 calls the midday muhūrta Vijaya (see Abhijit)"},{"name":"Amṛta kāla by weekday","reason":"no source for a weekday table; the amṛta-ghaṭikā of the sources is by nakṣatra and is not yet read from a primary text"},{"name":"Durmuhūrta (Muhūrtacintāmaṇi 1.38-39)","reason":"the weekday table is partly unreadable in the scans (Tuesday and Thursday)"}],"sources":"docs/MUHURTA_SOURCES.md"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"05:12","end":"06:50","startHours":5.193996720016003,"endHours":6.8264744696207345},{"name":"Udvega","start":"06:50","end":"08:28","startHours":6.8264744696207345,"endHours":8.458952219225466},{"name":"Cara","start":"08:28","end":"10:05","startHours":8.458952219225466,"endHours":10.091429968830198},{"name":"Lābha","start":"10:05","end":"11:43","startHours":10.091429968830198,"endHours":11.72390771843493},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:43","end":"13:21","startHours":11.72390771843493,"endHours":13.356385468039662},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:21","end":"14:59","startHours":13.356385468039662,"endHours":14.988863217644393},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:59","end":"16:37","startHours":14.988863217644393,"endHours":16.621340967249125},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:37","end":"18:15","startHours":16.621340967249125,"endHours":18.253818716853857}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:15","end":"19:37","startHours":18.253818716853857,"endHours":19.621340967249125},{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:37","end":"20:59","startHours":19.621340967249125,"endHours":20.988863217644393},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:59","end":"22:21","startHours":20.988863217644393,"endHours":22.35638546803966},{"name":"Udvega","start":"22:21","end":"23:43","startHours":22.35638546803966,"endHours":23.72390771843493},{"name":"Cara","start":"23:43","end":"01:05","startHours":23.72390771843493,"endHours":25.091429968830198},{"name":"Lābha","start":"01:05","end":"02:28","startHours":25.091429968830198,"endHours":26.458952219225466},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:28","end":"03:50","startHours":26.458952219225466,"endHours":27.826474469620734},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:50","end":"05:12","startHours":27.826474469620734,"endHours":29.193996720016003}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:12","end":"06:12","startHours":5.193996720016003,"endHours":6.193996720016003,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:12","end":"07:12","startHours":6.193996720016003,"endHours":7.193996720016003,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:12","end":"08:12","startHours":7.193996720016003,"endHours":8.193996720016003,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:12","end":"09:12","startHours":8.193996720016003,"endHours":9.193996720016003,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:12","end":"10:12","startHours":9.193996720016003,"endHours":10.193996720016003,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:12","end":"11:12","startHours":10.193996720016003,"endHours":11.193996720016003,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:12","end":"12:12","startHours":11.193996720016003,"endHours":12.193996720016003,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:12","end":"13:12","startHours":12.193996720016003,"endHours":13.193996720016003,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:12","end":"14:12","startHours":13.193996720016003,"endHours":14.193996720016003,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:12","end":"15:12","startHours":14.193996720016003,"endHours":15.193996720016003,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:12","end":"16:12","startHours":15.193996720016003,"endHours":16.193996720016003,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:12","end":"17:12","startHours":16.193996720016003,"endHours":17.193996720016003,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:12","end":"18:12","startHours":17.193996720016003,"endHours":18.193996720016003,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:12","end":"19:12","startHours":18.193996720016003,"endHours":19.193996720016003,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:12","end":"20:12","startHours":19.193996720016003,"endHours":20.193996720016003,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:12","end":"21:12","startHours":20.193996720016003,"endHours":21.193996720016003,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:12","end":"22:12","startHours":21.193996720016003,"endHours":22.193996720016003,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:12","end":"23:12","startHours":22.193996720016003,"endHours":23.193996720016003,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:12","end":"00:12","startHours":23.193996720016003,"endHours":24.193996720016003,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:12","end":"01:12","startHours":24.193996720016003,"endHours":25.193996720016003,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:12","end":"02:12","startHours":25.193996720016003,"endHours":26.193996720016003,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:12","end":"03:12","startHours":26.193996720016003,"endHours":27.193996720016003,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:12","end":"04:12","startHours":27.193996720016003,"endHours":28.193996720016003,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:12","end":"05:12","startHours":28.193996720016003,"endHours":29.193996720016003,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"day_star":"Viśākhā","by_tara":[{"number":1,"name":"Janma","janma_stars":["Punarvasu","Viśākhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"]},{"number":2,"name":"Sampat","janma_stars":["Ārdrā","Svātī","Śatabhiṣaj"]},{"number":3,"name":"Vipat","janma_stars":["Mṛgaśirā","Citrā","Dhaniṣṭhā"]},{"number":4,"name":"Kṣema","janma_stars":["Rohiṇī","Hasta","Śravaṇa"]},{"number":5,"name":"Pratyari","janma_stars":["Kṛttikā","Uttara Phalgunī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā"]},{"number":6,"name":"Sādhaka","janma_stars":["Bharaṇī","Pūrva Phalgunī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā"]},{"number":7,"name":"Vadha","janma_stars":["Aśvinī","Maghā","Mūla"]},{"number":8,"name":"Maitra","janma_stars":["Aśleṣā","Jyeṣṭhā","Revatī"]},{"number":9,"name":"Atimaitra","janma_stars":["Puṣya","Anurādhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"]}],"rule":"Counted from the janma star to the day's star, in three rounds of nine","source":"Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Gocara 11-12","sources_say":"\"tārā nāmasadṛkphalāḥ\": each tārā gives fruit like its name (v.12)"},"chandraBala":{"moon_rashi":"Vṛścika","rows":[{"janma_rashi":"Meṣa","house":8,"place":null,"vedha_from_house":null,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Vṛṣabha","house":7,"place":"v.1","vedha_from_house":2,"vedha_by":["Jupiter"]},{"janma_rashi":"Mithuna","house":6,"place":"v.1","vedha_from_house":12,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Karka","house":5,"place":null,"vedha_from_house":null,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Siṃha","house":4,"place":null,"vedha_from_house":null,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Kanyā","house":3,"place":"v.1","vedha_from_house":9,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Tulā","house":2,"place":null,"vedha_from_house":null,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Vṛścika","house":1,"place":"v.1","vedha_from_house":5,"vedha_by":["Venus","Rāhu"]},{"janma_rashi":"Dhanu","house":12,"place":null,"vedha_from_house":null,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Makara","house":11,"place":"v.1","vedha_from_house":8,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Kumbha","house":10,"place":"v.1","vedha_from_house":4,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Mīna","house":9,"place":null,"vedha_from_house":null,"vedha_by":[]}],"rule":"The Moon's house counted from the janma rāśi; the places of v.1 with their vedha houses, and in the bright half those of v.4","source":"Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Gocara 1-4","not_computed":"the vedha of the v.4 places (the ṭīkā gives 6, 8, 4; not checked against a second edition)"},"dishaShool":"North","dishaShoolSource":"Nārada-saṃhitā 33.5 (and Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Yātrā 10): \"na vrajet\", one should not set out that way on that weekday","chandraVasa":"North","chandraVasaSource":"Nārada-saṃhitā 33.8: the rāśis from Meṣa in turn to the four quarters from the east; the Moon dwells in her rāśi's quarter","rahuVasa":null,"rahuVasaNotComputed":"Rāhu-vāsa by weekday: no classical verse found (Muhūrtacintāmaṇi has only the nakṣatra-based Pathi-Rāhu-cakra, Yātrā 18); an almanac convention, not shown","anandadiYoga":{"number":8,"name":"Śrīvatsa","star":"Viśākhā","counted_from":"Āśleṣā","excluded_ghatis":null,"rule":"Counted from the weekday's star to the day's star, Abhijit included (28)","source":"Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Śubhāśubha 23-26; Abhijit by Vivāha 55"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta: sunrise and sunset II.59-63 with II.46; ayanāṃśa III.9-10; obliquity 24°","declination":18.47865296126035,"eotMinutes":-6.758692606209406,"ayanamsa":22.891112060886098}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2082,"vikram_samvatsara":"Kālayukta","saka_samvat":1947,"saka_samvatsara":"Viśvāvasu","bengali_samvat":1432,"malayalam_era":1200,"nanakshahi_year":557,"lunar_month":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Jyeṣṭha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_amanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Jyeṣṭha Kṛṣṇa Pratipada · Vikram 2082 Kālayukta · Śaka 1947 Viśvāvasu"},"festivals":[{"id":"narada-jayanti","name":"Bhagavān Nārada Jayantī","name_sanskrit":"भगवान् नारद जयन्ती","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Devarṣi Nārada (ādi-bhakta · Vyāsa's guru)","significance":"Manifestation of Devarṣi Nārada — ādi-bhakta and tri-loka-saṅcāri who instructed Vyāsa to compose Śrīmad Bhāgavata. Without Nārada, no Bhāgavata; without Bhāgavata, no Krishna-tattva-pratiṣṭhā in Kali Yuga. Falls on Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pratipadā (day after Buddha Pūrṇimā).","vrata":true,"primary_observance":"Recitation of Nārada-Bhakti-Sūtra; meditation on Krishna as taught by Nārada to Vyāsa (Bhāgavata 1.5)","detection":{"tithi_number":16,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_system":"amanta"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Bhāgavata Purāṇa 1.5-6 (Nārada-Vyāsa-saṁvāda)","Nārada-Bhakti-Sūtra"]}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Dedicated festival walk for Bhagavān Nārada Jayantī is not live yet; Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolkata"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga May 13, 2025 CE · Kolkata, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"May 13, 2025 CE for Kolkata, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Pratipada, sūryodaya 05:12, sūryāsta 18:15.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolkata/2025-05-13","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolkata/2025-05-13","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolkata/2025-05-13","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolkata/2025-05-13","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolkata/2025-05-13"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-10-06T19:39:51.568Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Sūrya Siddhānta: sunrise II.59-63, declination II.28, apparent time II.46, ayanāṃśa III.9-10","retrieved_at":"2026-10-06T19:39:51.568Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-10-06T19:39:51.568Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}