{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:2116-04-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2116-04-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2116-04-28","date_display":"April 28, 2116 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2116,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2494030.770833,"kali_year":5218,"ahargana":1905565.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":12.3315,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":205.8044,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":17,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":193.4729,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.4729},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":205.8044,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.8044},"yoga":{"number":17,"name":"Vyatīpāta","sum_longitude":218.136},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":32,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2116,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2494030.770833,"ahargana":1905565.2708,"kali_year":5218,"ayanamsa_lahiri":25.4779,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":12.52064200000001,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":204.318442,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.9211},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":306.52564200000006,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":351.184242,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":304.968842,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":26.111942,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":2.763842000000011,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":13.9817,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":193.9817,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2116,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2494030.770833,"kali_year":5218,"ahargana":1905565.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":12.3315,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":205.8044,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":17,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":193.4729,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.4729},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":205.8044,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.8044},"yoga":{"number":17,"name":"Vyatīpāta","sum_longitude":218.136},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":32,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.921,"elongation":166.527},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.921,"opposition_distance":13.473}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-15,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-1.44,"elongation":1.633},{"offset_days":-1,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.141,"opposition_distance":0.872}]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:10","sunsetLocal":"18:52","solarNoonLocal":"12:31","dayLengthHours":12.699584527255062,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 41 Mins 59 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 18 Mins 01 Secs","moonriseLocal":"19:37","moonsetLocal":"06:58","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:41","end":"17:16","startHours":15.683803295890105,"endHours":17.271251361796985,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:20","end":"10:55","startHours":9.334011032262573,"endHours":10.921459098169455,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:31","end":"14:06","startHours":12.508907164076337,"endHours":14.09635522998322,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:07","end":"09:33","startHours":9.122351290141655,"endHours":9.54567077438349,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:41","end":"07:02","startHours":6.688264255751101,"endHours":7.02691984314457,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:05","end":"12:56","startHours":12.085587679834502,"endHours":12.932226648318172,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:28","end":"05:19","startHours":4.465836963481465,"endHours":5.312475931965136,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:06","end":"06:10","startHours":5.100816189844219,"endHours":6.159114900448807,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:38","end":"15:28","startHours":14.625504585285515,"endHours":15.472143553769186,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:40","end":"19:04","startHours":18.65869942770387,"endHours":19.058699427703868,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:52","end":"19:23","startHours":18.85869942770387,"endHours":19.387848783006163,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:37","end":"20:22","startHours":18.60869942770387,"endHours":20.35869942770387,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:05","end":"00:56","startHours":24.0855876798345,"endHours":24.932226648318174,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"06:10","end":"07:45","startHours":6.159114900448807,"endHours":7.74656296635569,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:45","end":"09:20","startHours":7.74656296635569,"endHours":9.334011032262573,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:20","end":"10:55","startHours":9.334011032262573,"endHours":10.921459098169455,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:55","end":"12:31","startHours":10.921459098169455,"endHours":12.508907164076337,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:31","end":"14:06","startHours":12.508907164076337,"endHours":14.09635522998322,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:06","end":"15:41","startHours":14.09635522998322,"endHours":15.683803295890105,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:41","end":"17:16","startHours":15.683803295890105,"endHours":17.271251361796985,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"17:16","end":"18:52","startHours":17.271251361796985,"endHours":18.85869942770387,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:52","end":"20:16","startHours":18.85869942770387,"endHours":20.271251361796985,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:16","end":"21:41","startHours":20.271251361796985,"endHours":21.6838032958901,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:41","end":"23:06","startHours":21.6838032958901,"endHours":23.09635522998322,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:06","end":"00:31","startHours":23.09635522998322,"endHours":24.508907164076337,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:31","end":"01:55","startHours":24.508907164076337,"endHours":25.921459098169453,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:55","end":"03:20","startHours":25.921459098169453,"endHours":27.334011032262573,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:20","end":"04:45","startHours":27.334011032262573,"endHours":28.74656296635569,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:45","end":"06:10","startHours":28.74656296635569,"endHours":30.159114900448806,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:10","end":"07:10","startHours":6.159114900448807,"endHours":7.159114900448807,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:10","end":"08:10","startHours":7.159114900448807,"endHours":8.159114900448806,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:10","end":"09:10","startHours":8.159114900448806,"endHours":9.159114900448806,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:10","end":"10:10","startHours":9.159114900448806,"endHours":10.159114900448806,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:10","end":"11:10","startHours":10.159114900448806,"endHours":11.159114900448806,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:10","end":"12:10","startHours":11.159114900448806,"endHours":12.159114900448806,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:10","end":"13:10","startHours":12.159114900448806,"endHours":13.159114900448806,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:10","end":"14:10","startHours":13.159114900448806,"endHours":14.159114900448806,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:10","end":"15:10","startHours":14.159114900448806,"endHours":15.159114900448806,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:10","end":"16:10","startHours":15.159114900448806,"endHours":16.159114900448806,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:10","end":"17:10","startHours":16.159114900448806,"endHours":17.159114900448806,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:10","end":"18:10","startHours":17.159114900448806,"endHours":18.159114900448806,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:10","end":"19:10","startHours":18.159114900448806,"endHours":19.159114900448806,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:10","end":"20:10","startHours":19.159114900448806,"endHours":20.159114900448806,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:10","end":"21:10","startHours":20.159114900448806,"endHours":21.159114900448806,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:10","end":"22:10","startHours":21.159114900448806,"endHours":22.159114900448806,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:10","end":"23:10","startHours":22.159114900448806,"endHours":23.159114900448806,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:10","end":"00:10","startHours":23.159114900448806,"endHours":24.159114900448806,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:10","end":"01:10","startHours":24.159114900448806,"endHours":25.159114900448806,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:10","end":"02:10","startHours":25.159114900448806,"endHours":26.159114900448806,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:10","end":"03:10","startHours":26.159114900448806,"endHours":27.159114900448806,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:10","end":"04:10","startHours":27.159114900448806,"endHours":28.159114900448806,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:10","end":"05:10","startHours":28.159114900448806,"endHours":29.159114900448806,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:10","end":"06:10","startHours":29.159114900448806,"endHours":30.159114900448806,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mātaṇga","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":14.173594488860278,"eotMinutes":2.4923701554198168,"ayanamsa":25.4779}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2173,"vikram_samvatsara":"Virodhi","saka_samvat":2038,"saka_samvatsara":"Dhātṛ","bengali_samvat":1523,"malayalam_era":1292,"nanakshahi_year":647,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā · Vikram 2173 Virodhi · Śaka 2038 Dhātṛ"},"festivals":[{"id":"mesha-sankranti","name":"Meṣa Saṅkrānti (Vaiśākhī / Vishu / Pohelā Boishākh / Bihu)","name_sanskrit":"मेष सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aries; solar new year. Regional: Vaiśākhī (Punjab) · Vishu (Kerala) · Pohelā Boishākh (Bengal) · Bihu (Assam) · Tamil Puthāṇḍu.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":1},{"id":"baisakhi","name":"Baisakhi (Vaiśākhī)","name_sanskrit":"वैशाखी","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya + Khalsa Pantha (Sikh)","significance":"Punjab New Year + Sikh Khalsa founding day.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-0562-04-11","event":"Bhagavān Buddha's birth at Lumbinī","chart_id":"buddha","shared_marker":"same Viśākhā","url":"/day/-0562-04-11","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 28, 2116 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 28, 2116 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 06:10, sūryāsta 18:52.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2116-04-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2116-04-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2116-04-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2116-04-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2116-04-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-23T07:34:40.000Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-23T07:34:40.000Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-23T07:34:40.000Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}