{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:2108-09-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2108-09-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2108-09-28","date_display":"September 28, 2108 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2108,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2491261.770833,"kali_year":5210,"ahargana":1902796.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":158.7104,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":69.5702,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":23,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":270.8597,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.8597},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":69.5702,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.9035},"yoga":{"number":18,"name":"Varīyān","sum_longitude":228.2806},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":45,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2108,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2491261.770833,"ahargana":1902796.2708,"kali_year":5210,"ayanamsa_lahiri":25.372,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":159.71773800000005,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":66.496738,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.4991},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":217.395038,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":141.08123799999998,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":85.317138,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":122.210938,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":266.10853799999995,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":160.6967,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":340.6967,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2108,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2491261.770833,"kali_year":5210,"ahargana":1902796.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":158.7104,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":69.5702,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":23,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":270.8597,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.8597},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":69.5702,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.9035},"yoga":{"number":18,"name":"Varīyān","sum_longitude":228.2806},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":45,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.499,"elongation":89.14},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.499,"opposition_distance":90.86}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-8,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.876,"opposition_distance":1.011},{"offset_days":7,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.394,"elongation":0.235}]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:22","sunsetLocal":"18:24","solarNoonLocal":"12:23","dayLengthHours":12.035081161209307,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 02 Mins 06 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 57 Mins 54 Secs","moonriseLocal":"23:37","moonsetLocal":"12:43","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:53","end":"12:23","startHours":10.876381696385213,"endHours":12.380766841536378,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"15:23","end":"16:54","startHours":15.389537131838704,"endHours":16.89392227698987,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:52","end":"09:22","startHours":7.867611406082887,"endHours":9.37199655123405,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:10","end":"09:34","startHours":9.171411865213894,"endHours":9.572581237254205,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:52","end":"07:11","startHours":6.864687975982111,"endHours":7.185623473614359,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:59","end":"12:47","startHours":11.979597469496067,"endHours":12.781936213576689,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:46","end":"05:34","startHours":4.7585487727704825,"endHours":5.560887516851103,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:22","end":"06:22","startHours":5.360302830830948,"endHours":6.363226260931723,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:23","end":"15:11","startHours":14.386613701737927,"endHours":15.188952445818547,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:12","end":"18:36","startHours":18.19830742214103,"endHours":18.59830742214103,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:24","end":"18:54","startHours":18.39830742214103,"endHours":18.89976913719142,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:09","end":"19:54","startHours":18.14830742214103,"endHours":19.89830742214103,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:59","end":"00:47","startHours":23.979597469496067,"endHours":24.78193621357669,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"06:22","end":"07:52","startHours":6.363226260931723,"endHours":7.867611406082887,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"07:52","end":"09:22","startHours":7.867611406082887,"endHours":9.37199655123405,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"09:22","end":"10:53","startHours":9.37199655123405,"endHours":10.876381696385213,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"10:53","end":"12:23","startHours":10.876381696385213,"endHours":12.380766841536378,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:23","end":"13:53","startHours":12.380766841536378,"endHours":13.88515198668754,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"13:53","end":"15:23","startHours":13.88515198668754,"endHours":15.389537131838704,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:23","end":"16:54","startHours":15.389537131838704,"endHours":16.89392227698987,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"16:54","end":"18:24","startHours":16.89392227698987,"endHours":18.39830742214103,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"18:24","end":"19:54","startHours":18.39830742214103,"endHours":19.893922276989866,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"19:54","end":"21:23","startHours":19.893922276989866,"endHours":21.389537131838704,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:23","end":"22:53","startHours":21.389537131838704,"endHours":22.88515198668754,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:53","end":"00:23","startHours":22.88515198668754,"endHours":24.380766841536378,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:23","end":"01:53","startHours":24.380766841536378,"endHours":25.876381696385213,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"01:53","end":"03:22","startHours":25.876381696385213,"endHours":27.371996551234048,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:22","end":"04:52","startHours":27.371996551234048,"endHours":28.867611406082887,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"04:52","end":"06:22","startHours":28.867611406082887,"endHours":30.363226260931725,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:22","end":"07:22","startHours":6.363226260931723,"endHours":7.363226260931723,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:22","end":"08:22","startHours":7.363226260931723,"endHours":8.363226260931723,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:22","end":"09:22","startHours":8.363226260931723,"endHours":9.363226260931723,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:22","end":"10:22","startHours":9.363226260931723,"endHours":10.363226260931723,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:22","end":"11:22","startHours":10.363226260931723,"endHours":11.363226260931723,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:22","end":"12:22","startHours":11.363226260931723,"endHours":12.363226260931723,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:22","end":"13:22","startHours":12.363226260931723,"endHours":13.363226260931723,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:22","end":"14:22","startHours":13.363226260931723,"endHours":14.363226260931723,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:22","end":"15:22","startHours":14.363226260931723,"endHours":15.363226260931723,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:22","end":"16:22","startHours":15.363226260931723,"endHours":16.363226260931725,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:22","end":"17:22","startHours":16.363226260931725,"endHours":17.363226260931725,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:22","end":"18:22","startHours":17.363226260931725,"endHours":18.363226260931725,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:22","end":"19:22","startHours":18.363226260931725,"endHours":19.363226260931725,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:22","end":"20:22","startHours":19.363226260931725,"endHours":20.363226260931725,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:22","end":"21:22","startHours":20.363226260931725,"endHours":21.363226260931725,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:22","end":"22:22","startHours":21.363226260931725,"endHours":22.363226260931725,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:22","end":"23:22","startHours":22.363226260931725,"endHours":23.363226260931725,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:22","end":"00:22","startHours":23.363226260931725,"endHours":24.363226260931725,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:22","end":"01:22","startHours":24.363226260931725,"endHours":25.363226260931725,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:22","end":"02:22","startHours":25.363226260931725,"endHours":26.363226260931725,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:22","end":"03:22","startHours":26.363226260931725,"endHours":27.363226260931725,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:22","end":"04:22","startHours":27.363226260931725,"endHours":28.363226260931725,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:22","end":"05:22","startHours":28.363226260931725,"endHours":29.363226260931725,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:22","end":"06:22","startHours":29.363226260931725,"endHours":30.363226260931725,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Cara","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-2.022112377305384,"eotMinutes":10.180789507817288,"ayanamsa":25.372}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2165,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vṛṣa","saka_samvat":2030,"saka_samvatsara":"Vibhava","bengali_samvat":1515,"malayalam_era":1284,"nanakshahi_year":639,"lunar_month":"Āśvina","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Āśvina","lunar_month_amanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Kanyā (Puraṭṭāsi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī · Vikram 2165 Vṛṣa · Śaka 2030 Vibhava"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3226-07-09","event":"Bhagavān Krishna's birth at Mathurā","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","url":"/day/-3226-07-09","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga September 28, 2108 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"September 28, 2108 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī, sūryodaya 06:22, sūryāsta 18:24.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2108-09-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2108-09-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2108-09-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2108-09-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2108-09-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T02:27:17.582Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T02:27:17.583Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T02:27:17.583Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}