{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:2101-07-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2101-07-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2101-07-31","date_display":"July 31, 2101 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2101,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2488645.770833,"kali_year":5203,"ahargana":1900180.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.7277,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":160.0804,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":58.3527,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.3527},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1,"moon_longitude":160.0804,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.0804},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":261.8082},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":9,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2101,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2488645.770833,"ahargana":1900180.2708,"kali_year":5203,"ayanamsa_lahiri":25.272,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":102.49348800000001,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":158.80458799999997,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-2.9372},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":22.056587999999977,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":116.15438799999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":197.96408799999995,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":138.60638799999998,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":185.97588799999994,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":299.3049,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":119.3049,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Āśleṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2101,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2488645.770833,"kali_year":5203,"ahargana":1900180.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.7277,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":160.0804,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":58.3527,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.3527},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1,"moon_longitude":160.0804,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.0804},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":261.8082},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":9,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.937,"elongation":58.353},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.937,"opposition_distance":121.647}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":9,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.866,"opposition_distance":2.572}]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:13","sunsetLocal":"19:06","solarNoonLocal":"12:39","dayLengthHours":12.883484485144834,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 53 Mins 01 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 06 Mins 59 Secs","moonriseLocal":"10:24","moonsetLocal":"22:25","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:29","end":"19:06","startHours":17.482942923801826,"endHours":19.09337848444493,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:39","end":"14:16","startHours":12.651636241872513,"endHours":14.262071802515617,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:52","end":"17:29","startHours":15.872507363158721,"endHours":17.482942923801826,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:13","end":"09:39","startHours":9.216040379167225,"endHours":9.645489862005386,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:45","end":"07:05","startHours":6.746705852847798,"endHours":7.090265439118327,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:13","end":"13:05","startHours":12.222186759034352,"endHours":13.081085724710674,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:30","end":"05:21","startHours":4.492096067947452,"endHours":5.350995033623775,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:08","end":"06:13","startHours":5.136270292204694,"endHours":6.209893999300097,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:48","end":"15:39","startHours":14.798883656063321,"endHours":15.657782621739644,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:54","end":"19:18","startHours":18.89337848444493,"endHours":19.29337848444493,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:06","end":"19:38","startHours":19.09337848444493,"endHours":19.63019033799263,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:51","end":"20:36","startHours":18.84337848444493,"endHours":20.59337848444493,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:13","end":"01:05","startHours":24.22218675903435,"endHours":25.081085724710675,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:13","end":"07:49","startHours":6.209893999300097,"endHours":7.820329559943201,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:49","end":"09:26","startHours":7.820329559943201,"endHours":9.430765120586305,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:26","end":"11:02","startHours":9.430765120586305,"endHours":11.041200681229409,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:02","end":"12:39","startHours":11.041200681229409,"endHours":12.651636241872513,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:39","end":"14:16","startHours":12.651636241872513,"endHours":14.262071802515617,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:16","end":"15:52","startHours":14.262071802515617,"endHours":15.872507363158721,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:52","end":"17:29","startHours":15.872507363158721,"endHours":17.482942923801826,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:29","end":"19:06","startHours":17.482942923801826,"endHours":19.09337848444493,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:06","end":"20:29","startHours":19.09337848444493,"endHours":20.482942923801826,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:29","end":"21:52","startHours":20.482942923801826,"endHours":21.87250736315872,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:52","end":"23:16","startHours":21.87250736315872,"endHours":23.262071802515617,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:16","end":"00:39","startHours":23.262071802515617,"endHours":24.651636241872513,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:39","end":"02:02","startHours":24.651636241872513,"endHours":26.04120068122941,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:02","end":"03:26","startHours":26.04120068122941,"endHours":27.430765120586305,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:26","end":"04:49","startHours":27.430765120586305,"endHours":28.8203295599432,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:49","end":"06:13","startHours":28.8203295599432,"endHours":30.209893999300096,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:13","end":"07:13","startHours":6.209893999300097,"endHours":7.209893999300097,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:13","end":"08:13","startHours":7.209893999300097,"endHours":8.209893999300096,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:13","end":"09:13","startHours":8.209893999300096,"endHours":9.209893999300096,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:13","end":"10:13","startHours":9.209893999300096,"endHours":10.209893999300096,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:13","end":"11:13","startHours":10.209893999300096,"endHours":11.209893999300096,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:13","end":"12:13","startHours":11.209893999300096,"endHours":12.209893999300096,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:13","end":"13:13","startHours":12.209893999300096,"endHours":13.209893999300096,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:13","end":"14:13","startHours":13.209893999300096,"endHours":14.209893999300096,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:13","end":"15:13","startHours":14.209893999300096,"endHours":15.209893999300096,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:13","end":"16:13","startHours":15.209893999300096,"endHours":16.209893999300096,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:13","end":"17:13","startHours":16.209893999300096,"endHours":17.209893999300096,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:13","end":"18:13","startHours":17.209893999300096,"endHours":18.209893999300096,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:13","end":"19:13","startHours":18.209893999300096,"endHours":19.209893999300096,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:13","end":"20:13","startHours":19.209893999300096,"endHours":20.209893999300096,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:13","end":"21:13","startHours":20.209893999300096,"endHours":21.209893999300096,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:13","end":"22:13","startHours":21.209893999300096,"endHours":22.209893999300096,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:13","end":"23:13","startHours":22.209893999300096,"endHours":23.209893999300096,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:13","end":"00:13","startHours":23.209893999300096,"endHours":24.209893999300096,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:13","end":"01:13","startHours":24.209893999300096,"endHours":25.209893999300096,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:13","end":"02:13","startHours":25.209893999300096,"endHours":26.209893999300096,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:13","end":"03:13","startHours":26.209893999300096,"endHours":27.209893999300096,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:13","end":"04:13","startHours":27.209893999300096,"endHours":28.209893999300096,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:13","end":"05:13","startHours":28.209893999300096,"endHours":29.209893999300096,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:13","end":"06:13","startHours":29.209893999300096,"endHours":30.209893999300096,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"North-West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mānasa","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":18.32562685712959,"eotMinutes":-6.071374512350812,"ayanamsa":25.272}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2158,"vikram_samvatsara":"Bhāva","saka_samvat":2023,"saka_samvatsara":"Durmati","bengali_samvat":1508,"malayalam_era":1277,"nanakshahi_year":632,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Pañcamī · Vikram 2158 Bhāva · Śaka 2023 Durmati"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 31, 2101 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 31, 2101 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Pañcamī, sūryodaya 06:13, sūryāsta 19:06.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2101-07-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2101-07-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2101-07-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2101-07-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2101-07-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-21T11:13:11.317Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-21T11:13:11.317Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-21T11:13:11.317Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}